外研版选修八M1课时讲义.docx
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外研版选修八M1课时讲义
外研版选修八M1课时讲义
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It's________extremelydangerousplace.
答案:
an
2.Francewasoneofthefirstcountries________(sign)theAntarcticTreaty.
答案:
tosign
3.Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld'sice,andmostof________freshwater(70%)isina________(freeze)state,ofcourse.
答案:
its;frozen
4.Gasesandmineralscantellusalotabout________theworld'sclimatewaslikeinthepastages.
答案:
what
5.SincemostAntarcticrocksaredarkincolour,theystandout________thewhitebackgroundandareeasytoidentifyandcollect.
答案:
against
6.Todaycountries________(represent)80%oftheworld'spopulationhavesignedthetreaty.
答案:
representing
7.WhenEuropeansdiscoveredthecontinentofAmericainthe15thcentury,thegreatageof________(explore)began.
答案:
exploration
8.Wediscourageyoufrom________(smoke)exceptinspecificareas.
答案:
smoking
9.It's________privilege,notaright________(come)tothisextraordinaryplace.
答案:
a;tocome
10.It's________(possible)thecalmestplaceonEarth.
答案:
possibly
1 state n.状态;状况;国家;政府;州 v.陈述;声明
Antarcticaholds90%oftheworld'sice,andmostofitsfreshwater(70%)isinafrozenstate,ofcourse.(P2)
南极洲拥有世界90%的冰,当然其大部分淡水(70%)都处于一种冰冻状态。
(1)ina...state=inastateof...处于……的状态
agoodstateofhealth/mind良好的健康状况/心态
(2)statementn.声明;陈述
issue/makeastatement发表声明
(3)Itisstatedthat...据称……
stateone'sviews陈述自己的见解
①[牛津双解]Hewasin_a_state_ofpermanentdepression.
他一直处于消沉状态。
②[外研⑤]Thewitnessstatedthathehadnotseenthewomanbefore.
证人说他以前并未见过那个女人。
③[2019·课标全国卷Ⅰ]Wewillhaveareportonthe_present_stateofplay.
关于活动的现状我们会有报道。
④[2019·陕西高考]Thegovernorofa_statehasgreatpower,butheorshemaynotbelongtoacorresponding(相应的)economicclass.
一个州的州长有很大的权力,但他或她可能不属于相应的经济阶层。
2 balance vt.使平衡;权衡 n.平衡;平稳;秤,天平;余额
ButmorethantwothousandyearsagoGreekgeographersbelievedthattherewasalargelandmassinthesouthwhichbalancedthelandinthenorth.(P3)
但是在二千多年以前,希腊地理学家认为在(地球)南端有一大块陆地与北方陆地保持平衡。
(1)balance...against... 将……与……权衡
balance...with/and...使……与……平衡
(2)keep/loseone'sbalance(使某人)保持/失去平衡
breakthebalance打破平衡
inthebalance未定的,不确定的
onbalance全面考虑之后,总的来说
keepabalancebetweenAandB
保持……与……之间的平衡
offbalance没站稳的;失去平衡的
bankbalance银行余额
(3)balancedadj.平衡的;均衡的
abalanceddiet均衡的饮食
①[牛津双解]Shetriestobalancehomelifeandcareer.
她力图兼顾家庭生活和事业。
②[外研③]Natureisperfectlybalanced.
大自然是非常平衡的。
③[2019·湖北高考]Whenhewasrunningafterhisbrother,theboylost_his_balanceandhadabadfall.
男孩在追赶他哥哥时失去了平衡,狠狠地摔了一跤。
④[2019·天津高考]ItwasthenthatIstartedtoappreciatethetoughchoicesshehadtomakeonbalancingfamilyandwork.
直到那时我才开始欣赏她在平衡家庭和工作时所作出的艰难的抉择。
⑤[2019·北京高考]Overthepasttwocenturies,theIndustrialRevolutionhasbrokenthisbalance_betweenthecityandthecountry.
在过去的两个世纪,工业革命已打破了城市与乡村之间的平衡。
3 discourage v.阻止;打消……的念头
Wediscourageyoufromsmokingexceptinspecificareas.(P11)
除了在一些特殊的区域,我们劝你不要抽烟。
(1)discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝某人不要做某事;使某人失去做某事的信心
discouragesth./doingsth.防止/劝阻(做)……
discouragedadj.沮丧的,灰心丧气的
bediscouragedat/by对……感到气馁
discouragingadj.令人泄气的,令人沮丧的
(2)discouragementn.灰心丧气;挫折;阻止
(3)couragen.勇气
havethecourageto_dosth.有勇气做某事
(4)encouragevt.鼓励
encouragesb.to_dosth.鼓励某人做某事
encouragementn.鼓励
①[外研⑧]Theresultswerediscouraging.
结果让人泄气。
②[2019·福建高考]Thefailurewasabigblowtohim,buthewasn't_discouragedandsoongotasenthusiasticasever.
这次失败对他来说是一次很大的打击,但他并没有泄气,很快就变得和以往一样有热情了。
③[2019·课标全国卷Ⅱ]Don'tletabusyschedulediscourageyoufrommakingsomegreatchangesinthewayyoueatandlive!
不要让忙碌的日程表阻碍你在饮食和生活方式上做大的改变。
④[2019·湖南高考]Don'tletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.
别为任何失败泄气,因为你永远不知道你离胜利有多近。
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1.[2019·福建高考]Sparenoefforttoacquireknowledgeandneverget________(discourage)easilynomatterhowdifficultthesituationmaybe.
答案:
discouraged
2.[2019·四川高考]MoreexpresswayswillbebuiltinSichuansoon________(promote)thelocaleconomy.
答案:
topromote
3.[2019·广东高考]Afterenteringthebusinessworld,theauthorfoundhisfather'sfishingadvice________(inspiration).
答案:
inspiring
4.[2019·重庆高考]Thekeyistodevelopa________(balance)andvariedprogrammethat'sfunaswellasprogressive.
答案:
balanced
5.[2019·福建高考]MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbe________(absence).
答案:
absent
6.[2019·辽宁高考]Considerfrequencyandurgency.Isthisaonetimethingor________emergency?
答案:
an
7.Whenlandcameintosight,theEndurancebecame________(trap)intheiceandbegantobreakup.
答案:
trapped
8.Theythoughthisbehaviourwas________(normal),forhedidn'tbehaveasusual.
答案:
abnormal
9.Lookingforajobthesedayscanbevery________(depress).
答案:
depressing
10.Isawtheletter________(pure)bychance.
答案:
purely
1 incaseof如果;假使;万一
Medicalassistanceisavailableincaseofanemergency.(P11)
在紧急情况下可以得到医疗救助。
①[牛津双解]Youprobablywon'tneedtocall-buttakemynumber,justin_case.
你很可能无需打电话,不过还是记下我的电话号码吧,以防万一。
②[外研⑤]In_any_case,_I'mgoingtotry.
不管怎样我要试试。
③In_this_case,_severalsolutionscouldbetried.
遇到这种情况,可以尝试几种解决办法。
④[2019·福建高考]ItwasconsiderateofMichaeltoinformusofhisdelayin_casewegotworried.
Michael通知我们他要迟一会儿以防我们担心,想得真周到。
⑤[2019·江西高考]Thetravellermayfireatawildbeasttodefendhimselfin_caseheisattacked.
旅行者可以射击野兽来保护自己以防被野兽袭击。
⑥[2019·陕西高考]Asisoftenthe_casewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.
医生到来时,Amy好多了,孩子们经常是这样。
过关演练
选词填空
incaseof;setfooton;adaptto;standout;astateof;keepone'spromise;inparticular;setup
1.Theoverseasareverygladto________theirhomeland.
答案:
setfooton
2.________fire,ringthealarmbell.
答案:
Incaseof
3.[2019·课标全国卷Ⅰ改编]Thebestpart—________tomytaste,wasa7a.m.adventuretotheSarasotafarmers'market.
答案:
inparticular
4.She________tovisitherauntregularly.
答案:
kepthispromise
5.[2019·福建高考]Itwastheculture,ratherthanthelanguage,thatmadeithardforhimto________thenewenvironmentabroad.
答案:
adaptto
6.[2019·安徽高考]Aristotleoncewrotethat“happinessis________activity.”
答案:
astateof
7.[2019·湖北高考]Asonewouldexpect,hiswritingismostlyclearand,tobefair,somechapters________abovetherest.
答案:
standout
8.They________manybranchesthroughoutthecountry.
答案:
setup
1 Antarcticawasthe_lastcontinentto_be_discovered.(P3)
南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。
sb./sth.bethefirst/second/last...todo...“第几个做……的”,用动词不定式作后置定语。
序数词/最高级或由序数词/最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作后置定语。
-特别提醒-
本句型中,可用不定式的主动形式、完成形式或被动语态作后置定语。
①[2019·福建质检]LiNa,thefirstto_achievearankingofworldNo.2inAsia,retiredfromtennisinSeptember.
亚洲第一个获得世界排名第二的网球选手李娜在九月份退役了。
②[2019·甘肃诊断]Hisfirstbookto_be_punishednextmonthisbasedonatruestory.
他下个月要出版的第一本书是根据一个真实的故事写的。
③Hewasthebestmanto_dothejob.
他是做这份工作的最佳人选。
过关演练
完成句子
1.Shewas________woman________thegoldmedalintheOlympicGames.
她是第一个在奥运会上赢得金牌的女性。
答案:
thefirst;towin
2.Youaretheonlyperson________.
你是唯一迟到的人。
答案:
tobelate
3.Isthisthebestway________theproblem?
这是解决问题最好的办法吗?
答案:
tosolve
Grammar Reviewofsubjects——主语
主语是句子要说明的人或物,也是执行句子的行为或动作的主体。
一般放在句首。
主语可用词、短语或句子表示。
用法
例句
名词作主语
Medicalassistanceisavailableincaseofanemergency.
代词作主语
Ithappenedsoquicklyandeveryonewasinastateofshock.
数词作主语
Tenwillbeenough.
动词不定式作主语
IttookShackleton17daystoreachSouthGeorgia.
动词-ing形式(短语)作主语
Smokingisharmfultohealth.
从句作主语
Whatyouhavetodois(to)studyhard.
Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhewillcomeornot.
-特别提示-
1.当动词不定式和动词ing形式作主语时,句子的主语和表语要一致。
即当表语是动词-ing形式时,主语也用动词-ing;当表语是不定式时,主语也用不定式。
Toseeistobelieve.
Seeingisbelieving.
眼见为实。
2.有些形容词与the连用表示“一类人”也可作主语。
Thericharenotalwayshappy.
有钱人未必总是快乐。
3.当动词不定式短语、动词-ing或从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,位于句首,真正的主语(不定式短语、动词ing或从句)放在句子后面。
Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad.
据说他已经出国了。
Itisobviousthattheanswertothisquestioniswrong.
Itisapitythatyoucan'tcometotheparty.
ItoccurredtomethatIwouldhavetwolessons.
Itisnousequarrellingwithhim.
Itisgoodmannerstorespectothers.
过关演练
在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式
1.[2019·安徽高考]________(ignore)thedifferencebetweenthetworesearchfindingswillbeoneoftheworstmistakesyoumake.
答案:
Toignore/Ignoring
2.[2019·浙江高考]________(listen)tomusicathomeisonething,goingtohearitbeingperformedliveisquiteanother.
答案:
Listening
3.[2019·陕西高考]________isquitehottoday.Doyoufeellikegoingforaswim?
答案:
It
4.[2019·北京高考]________issonicetohearfromheragain.
答案:
It
5.[2019·安徽高考]________weexpectfromyouisworkinghardratherthanhardlyworking.
答案:
What
模块综合测评
(一)
Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)
A
We'vecolonisedmostoftheworld,butonevaststretchoftheplanetremainsbeyondourgrasp:
Antarctica.Thisfrozencontinentattheendoftheearthhasneverbeenpermanentlyoccupiedbyman.Evenifyou'retravellingthereonacruiseship,asmostpeopledo,thesolitude(孤独)andtheemptinesswillenvelopyou.
Notthatsolitudeisthefirstthingthatcomestomindwhenyou'restandinginthemiddleofapenguincolonyonanAntarcticshoreline.WhenIvisitedinearlyFebruary,therewerethousandsofbirdspackedtightlyoneveryrock,bothshygentoopenguinsandthebolderadéliepenguins.Theyseemedhappytoseeuswanderingamongthem;ourcamerasclickedcrazilyatthegreyfluffballchickswhoaretappingtheirparents'beaks(鸟嘴)tobefed.
Butpenguinsarebynomeanstheonlystarsoftheshowhere.Ifounditequallyexcitingtoseeawanderingalbatross(信天翁)circlingaboveourship,dippingitsgreatwingsintotherollingwatersoftheDrakePassage.Orfatelephantsealsrestonthebeachinasoupof