高一英语语法知识非谓语动词人教版知识精讲.docx

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高一英语语法知识非谓语动词人教版知识精讲.docx

高一英语语法知识非谓语动词人教版知识精讲

高一英语语法知识——非谓语动词人教版

【本讲教育信息】

一.教学内容:

语法知识——非谓语动词

二.教学目标

初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法

三.教学重难点

掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分

(一)非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。

非谓语分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。

(动名词和现在分词形式相同)

以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分:

类别

成分

主语

宾语

表语

定语

状语

补语

不定式

动名词

现在分词

过去分词

1.不定式(todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tobedone,tobebeingdone,tohavebeen

done)

(1)不定式在句子中做主语。

如:

Tobespokenhighlyofishisaim.

Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.

Itishismostimportanttasktogothereintime.

Itisagreatjoytoplayfootball.

Whentostartisthequestion.

(2)不定式在句子中做宾语。

(以“todo”做宾语的动词主要有:

ask,want,wish,hope,expect,help,refuse,learn,demand,dare,choose,arrange,decide,agree,promise,plan,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,fail,determine,long,seem等)

如:

Theypretendedtohavefinishedtheirwork.

Hehadplannedtofinishitintime.

Theythoughtitnecessarytogotochurcheveryweekend.

Wefinditgoodtohaveawalkeveryday.

Theydon’tnowwheretogo.

(3)不定式在句子中做表语。

如:

Hisdreamistobetaughtbythatfamousprofessor.

Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.

Hisaimistogetthefirstplaceinthegame.

Thequestioniswhichonetochoose.

(4)不定式在句子中做状语。

如:

Hegotthereontimejusttoseethatfilm.

Wetoldhimthetruthtomakehimatease.

Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlytrain.

Hegothomeonlytofindthathishomewasbrokeninto.

(5)不定式在句子中做定语。

如:

Thatistheroomforustolivein.

Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.

Canyougetmesomethingtoeat?

Theycan’tchoosetherightpersontoleave.

Themantobesentthereisadoctor.

Themantogothereismybrother.

Hehasachancetogoabroad.

Heisalwaysthefirst/last(one)togettoschool.

Heisthebest(one)tofinishthework.

(6)在句子中做宾补及词组中的不定式。

(以“todo”做宾补的动词主要有:

ask,want,

tell,get,order,beg,advise,warn,hate,like,encourage等;以“do”作宾补的动词主

要有:

see,watch,notice,hear,feel,let,make,have等),有些形容词词组后面也要

接不定式这样的形容词主要有:

surprised,excited,pleased,interested,worried,angry,

proud,sorry,satisfied,afraid,ready,able;kind,easy,right,wrong,important,

necessary,good,clever,wise等。

如:

Theyencouragedustogoahead.

Hehasgotsomebodytogethisbookback.

Wesawhimgodownstairsandleavethehouse.

Hismothermadehimdohishomeworkuntil10o’clock.

Heispleasedtohaveseenyouhere.

I’mgladtobetalkingtoyoulikethis.

Itiscleverofhimtodoso.

Itisluckyforhimtobeinvitedtothismeeting.

2.动名词:

(1)动名词在句子中做主语。

(与不定式比较)

如:

Tobeagoodteacherishisdream.

Beingdelayedbythebadtrafficishisusualexcuseforhisbeinglate.

Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.

Lookingafterthebabiesistheeverydayjobshemustdo.

Todoourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.

It’sveryusefulforustodoourhomeworkcarefully.

Doingourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.

Itisnouseworkinghardnow.

(2)动名词在句子中做宾语。

(以“doing”做宾语的动词主要有:

mind,enjoy,finish,

suggest,avoid,consider,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,miss,prevent,deny,admit,

delay,giveup,putoff,leaveoff,setabout,feellike,insiston,stickto,keepon,keepup,

keep,dependon,thinkabout/of,succeedin,can’thelp,can’tstand,be/getusedto,

devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto等)

如:

Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?

Hekeptonrunningaftertrippingoverhimself.

Youcanneverdependonhercomingontime.

Theyarethinkingabout/ofmakingTomsaysorrytotheteacher.

Thecarneedstoberepaired.

Thecarneedsrepairing.

Theyliketogowithustoday.

Theylikeswimmingaftersupper.

Theycan’thelpcryingwhilewatchingthissadfilm.

I’vegotusedtodoingmyhomeworkwhilelisteningtomusic.

Theylookforwardtoseeingyou.

Iforgotlockingthedoor,andIwentbacktocheckit.

(3)动名词在句子中做表语。

如:

Hisjobisfeedinganimals.

Hisjobistofeedanimals.

Theonlythinghedoeseverydayisreadingnewspaper.

Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.

(4)动名词在句子中做定语。

如:

Canyoutellmewherethereadingroomis?

Whichisthesleepingcarofthistrain?

Canyoutellmewherethewashingroomis?

注意:

有些动词后面既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,而且这些动词又分为两类:

1.接不定式或动名词意义基本不变的有:

like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,attempt,

afford,prefer,propose,intend,neglect,can’tbear等。

如:

Hebegandoing/todohishomework.

Hecontinueddoing/todohishomework.

Ican’taffordgoing/togothere.

Heintendedagreeing/toagreetothisplan.

Hejustneglecteddoing/todothisjob.

Theycan’tbearhearing/tohearthisatall.

2.接不定式或动名词意义有变化的有:

try,remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,

goon等。

如:

Hetriedtofindthenearestpolicestation.(设法做…)

Thisdressisnotsosuitableforyou.Whynottryputtinganotheron?

(试试做…)

Remembertocallme.(记着去做…)

Herememberedseeingmebefore.(记得做过…)

Heforgottolockthedoor.(忘记去做…)

Heforgotlockingthedoor.(忘记做过…)

Iregrettotellyouapieceofbadnew.(抱歉要做…)

Iregretsayingthistoyou.(抱歉做过…)

Hemeanttocamehere.(打算做…)

Missingthetrainmeansstayinghereforanother2days.(意味着…)

Hestoppedtalking.(停止做…)

Hestoppedtotalktome.(停下来做…)

Hewentondoinghishomeworkafterarest.(继续做同一事)

HewentontowatchTVafterfinishinghishomework.(继续做下一事)

3.后接动名词宾语表示被动的几个动词,形容词:

need,want,require,deserve,beworth

Thecarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.

Thisbookdeserves/isworthreading.

【典型例题】

[例1]Weallthinkituseful______English.

A.learningB.beinglearnt

C.tolearnD.tobelearnt

(答案为C,不定式做宾语,用形式主语it来代)

[例2]Whatagreatsurpriseitis______herhere!

A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.thatsee

(答案为B,不定式做主语,用形式主语it来代)

[例3]Hetriedhisbesttogettothetrainstationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.

A.findB.tofindC.findingD.tobefound

(答案为B,不定式做结果状语)

[例4]Theyhaveagood______oftheChineseculture(文化).

A.understandB.understanding

C.tounderstandD.tobeunderstood

(答案为B,名词understanding,做“了解,理解”讲)

[例5]Theyhavedevotedthemselvesto______.

A.teachB.teachingC.taughtD.teaches

(答案为B,动名词当宾语)

[例6]______aftertheanimalsishisdaily(日常的)work.

A.LookB.TolookC.LookingD.Looked

(答案为C,抽象的日常的用动名词)

[例7]Thebuilding______herenowisahospital.

A.tobuildB.tobebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt

(答案为D,现在分词作定语)

[例8]It’snogoodoften______othersforhelp.

A.askingB.askC.toaskD.asked

(答案为A,It’snodoing句式)

[例9]Whathasmadeyousosad?

______.

A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseIhavelostD.SinceIlost

(答案为B,上句中提问一个名词性质的词)

[例10]Heisbeginning______hismistakes.

A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.seen

(答案为B,begin/start后面动名词与不定式都可以,且意义区别不大,但如果它们以进行时出现后面则必须用不定式避免重复)

[例11]______istobelieve.

A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SawD.Seen

(答案为B,此种句式要求前后对称)

[例12]Heobjectsto______thenewbuilding.

A.buildB.bebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt

(答案为C,objecttodoing反对做…)

【模拟试题】

一.用不定式完成下列各句:

1.Thedoctortold.(李蕾好好休息)

2.Didyounotice?

(有人离开房间吗?

3.IsawTom.(走进了书店)

4.Iheard.(有人敲门)

5.Youmustget.(他今晚到这儿来一趟)

6.It’simportant.(学习英语发音)

7.Ihope.(很快接到你的来信)

8.Becareful.(别感冒)

9.Ilikeinsummer.(去钓鱼)

10.Iwant.(成为一名教师)

11.Thisbookis.(不容易懂)

12.Hewastooexcited.(说不出话来)

13.You’dbetterspeakclearly.(我们能听得更清楚一些)

14.Hewaspleased.(看见她身体这样好)

15.HanMeimeispentallhermoney.(为了穿得漂亮)

16.Hello,MrBlack,Ihavesomethingimportant.(要告诉你)

17.Iwantyou.(告诉我那个消息)

18.Canyoutellme.(如何去那书店)

19.Doyouknow.(怎么写这个句子)

20.Heaskedme.(下一步该做什么)

二.用动词的适当形式填空:

1.Ishallneverforget(meet)himonthefirstdayatcollege.

2.Doyouenjoy(visit)friends?

3.Ireallydon’tknowwhat(say).

4.Heiscleverat(learn)languages.

5.Iexpectyou(come)atsix.

6.I’mlookingforwardto(come)backhome.

7.Thestudentsweretold(notgo)outoftheschool.

8.Theygotusedto(live)withhim.

9.Sheisafraidof(bepraised).

10.Wecanhelpyou(get)inthecrops,andyou’dbetter(have)arest.

11.Thetwooldfriendscontinued(talk)witheachother.

12.Iamsuretheprofessorhasagreed(meet)me.

13.Heseems(havefinished)hisjob.

14.Iallowedher(go)home.

15.Thebookseemseasy(read).

16.Ican’thelp(think)of(come)hereagain.

17.It’seasy(say)butdifficult(do).

18.Thebookisworth(read).

19.Iused(go)toschoollate.

20.It’sapleasure(meet)thenewteachersand(hear)them(introduce)themselves.

21.Heblamed(指责)mefor(notbe)hereontime.

22.Your(see)himagainmustbeasurprisetoyou.

23.It’sawasteoftime(try)todothisjob.

24.Iobjectto(have)themeetinghere.

25.Iamsorryfor(disturb)you.

三.选择填空:

1.Theboypromised(许诺)himmorehelp.

A.giveB.togiveC.thathegiveD.thathegive

2.Theteacheragreedlessonstohisstudents.

A.giveB.thathegiveC.togiveD.thathewillgive

3.Allthestudentslearnedupwordsinadictionary.

A.lookhowB.howtolookC.howlookD.tohowlook

4.Nobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.

A.togoB.tomakeC.howtogoD.howtomake

5.Thepatientrefused(拒绝)anymedicine.

A.haveB.tohaveC.howtohaveD.tohowhave

6.Theteacherexplained(解释)tothemthepiano.

A.thattheyplayedB.howtheyplayC.toplayD.howtoplay

7.IwantyoutotheSummerPalace.Willyougo?

A.thatItakeB.thatIwilltakeC.totakeD.howtotake

8.Thebabystarted.Tryitquiet.

A.cry;keepB.tocry;tokeepC.tocry;keepD.cry;tokeep

9.Hehopesbetter,butneverworkshard.

A.howtostudyB.tohowstudyC.tostudyhowD.tostudy

10.Doyouunderstandthecar?

A.howtodriveB.tohowdriveC.todriveD.thatyoudrive

11.Didyounoticethelittleboyaway?

A.tooktheappleandrunB.taketheappleandrun

C.takingtheappleandrunD.whotakingtheapple

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