高一英语语法知识非谓语动词人教版知识精讲.docx
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高一英语语法知识非谓语动词人教版知识精讲
高一英语语法知识——非谓语动词人教版
【本讲教育信息】
一.教学内容:
语法知识——非谓语动词
二.教学目标
初步掌握非谓语的基本结构及用法
三.教学重难点
掌握非谓语所能够充当的句子成分
(一)非谓语的分类以及各自在句子中所能充当的成分。
非谓语分为不定式,动名词,现在分词和过去分词。
(动名词和现在分词形式相同)
以下表格表示的是它们各自所能充当的成分:
类别
成分
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
1.不定式(todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tobedone,tobebeingdone,tohavebeen
done)
(1)不定式在句子中做主语。
如:
Tobespokenhighlyofishisaim.
Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.
Itishismostimportanttasktogothereintime.
Itisagreatjoytoplayfootball.
Whentostartisthequestion.
(2)不定式在句子中做宾语。
(以“todo”做宾语的动词主要有:
ask,want,wish,hope,expect,help,refuse,learn,demand,dare,choose,arrange,decide,agree,promise,plan,offer,manage,pretend,prepare,fail,determine,long,seem等)
如:
Theypretendedtohavefinishedtheirwork.
Hehadplannedtofinishitintime.
Theythoughtitnecessarytogotochurcheveryweekend.
Wefinditgoodtohaveawalkeveryday.
Theydon’tnowwheretogo.
(3)不定式在句子中做表语。
如:
Hisdreamistobetaughtbythatfamousprofessor.
Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.
Hisaimistogetthefirstplaceinthegame.
Thequestioniswhichonetochoose.
(4)不定式在句子中做状语。
如:
Hegotthereontimejusttoseethatfilm.
Wetoldhimthetruthtomakehimatease.
Hegotupearlyinordertocatchtheearlytrain.
Hegothomeonlytofindthathishomewasbrokeninto.
(5)不定式在句子中做定语。
如:
Thatistheroomforustolivein.
Ihavealotofhomeworktodo.
Canyougetmesomethingtoeat?
Theycan’tchoosetherightpersontoleave.
Themantobesentthereisadoctor.
Themantogothereismybrother.
Hehasachancetogoabroad.
Heisalwaysthefirst/last(one)togettoschool.
Heisthebest(one)tofinishthework.
(6)在句子中做宾补及词组中的不定式。
(以“todo”做宾补的动词主要有:
ask,want,
tell,get,order,beg,advise,warn,hate,like,encourage等;以“do”作宾补的动词主
要有:
see,watch,notice,hear,feel,let,make,have等),有些形容词词组后面也要
接不定式这样的形容词主要有:
surprised,excited,pleased,interested,worried,angry,
proud,sorry,satisfied,afraid,ready,able;kind,easy,right,wrong,important,
necessary,good,clever,wise等。
如:
Theyencouragedustogoahead.
Hehasgotsomebodytogethisbookback.
Wesawhimgodownstairsandleavethehouse.
Hismothermadehimdohishomeworkuntil10o’clock.
Heispleasedtohaveseenyouhere.
I’mgladtobetalkingtoyoulikethis.
Itiscleverofhimtodoso.
Itisluckyforhimtobeinvitedtothismeeting.
2.动名词:
(1)动名词在句子中做主语。
(与不定式比较)
如:
Tobeagoodteacherishisdream.
Beingdelayedbythebadtrafficishisusualexcuseforhisbeinglate.
Togothereintimeishismostimportanttasknow.
Lookingafterthebabiesistheeverydayjobshemustdo.
Todoourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.
It’sveryusefulforustodoourhomeworkcarefully.
Doingourhomeworkcarefullyisveryusefulforus.
Itisnouseworkinghardnow.
(2)动名词在句子中做宾语。
(以“doing”做宾语的动词主要有:
mind,enjoy,finish,
suggest,avoid,consider,fancy,imagine,escape,risk,miss,prevent,deny,admit,
delay,giveup,putoff,leaveoff,setabout,feellike,insiston,stickto,keepon,keepup,
keep,dependon,thinkabout/of,succeedin,can’thelp,can’tstand,be/getusedto,
devoteoneselfto,lookforwardto,payattentionto,objectto等)
如:
Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?
Hekeptonrunningaftertrippingoverhimself.
Youcanneverdependonhercomingontime.
Theyarethinkingabout/ofmakingTomsaysorrytotheteacher.
Thecarneedstoberepaired.
Thecarneedsrepairing.
Theyliketogowithustoday.
Theylikeswimmingaftersupper.
Theycan’thelpcryingwhilewatchingthissadfilm.
I’vegotusedtodoingmyhomeworkwhilelisteningtomusic.
Theylookforwardtoseeingyou.
Iforgotlockingthedoor,andIwentbacktocheckit.
(3)动名词在句子中做表语。
如:
Hisjobisfeedinganimals.
Hisjobistofeedanimals.
Theonlythinghedoeseverydayisreadingnewspaper.
Theonlythinghewantstodonowistostudyhard.
(4)动名词在句子中做定语。
如:
Canyoutellmewherethereadingroomis?
Whichisthesleepingcarofthistrain?
Canyoutellmewherethewashingroomis?
注意:
有些动词后面既可以接不定式又可以接动名词,而且这些动词又分为两类:
1.接不定式或动名词意义基本不变的有:
like,love,hate,begin,start,continue,attempt,
afford,prefer,propose,intend,neglect,can’tbear等。
如:
Hebegandoing/todohishomework.
Hecontinueddoing/todohishomework.
Ican’taffordgoing/togothere.
Heintendedagreeing/toagreetothisplan.
Hejustneglecteddoing/todothisjob.
Theycan’tbearhearing/tohearthisatall.
2.接不定式或动名词意义有变化的有:
try,remember,forget,regret,mean,stop,
goon等。
如:
Hetriedtofindthenearestpolicestation.(设法做…)
Thisdressisnotsosuitableforyou.Whynottryputtinganotheron?
(试试做…)
Remembertocallme.(记着去做…)
Herememberedseeingmebefore.(记得做过…)
Heforgottolockthedoor.(忘记去做…)
Heforgotlockingthedoor.(忘记做过…)
Iregrettotellyouapieceofbadnew.(抱歉要做…)
Iregretsayingthistoyou.(抱歉做过…)
Hemeanttocamehere.(打算做…)
Missingthetrainmeansstayinghereforanother2days.(意味着…)
Hestoppedtalking.(停止做…)
Hestoppedtotalktome.(停下来做…)
Hewentondoinghishomeworkafterarest.(继续做同一事)
HewentontowatchTVafterfinishinghishomework.(继续做下一事)
3.后接动名词宾语表示被动的几个动词,形容词:
need,want,require,deserve,beworth
Thecarneeds/wants/requiresrepairing.
Thisbookdeserves/isworthreading.
【典型例题】
[例1]Weallthinkituseful______English.
A.learningB.beinglearnt
C.tolearnD.tobelearnt
(答案为C,不定式做宾语,用形式主语it来代)
[例2]Whatagreatsurpriseitis______herhere!
A.seeingB.toseeC.seeD.thatsee
(答案为B,不定式做主语,用形式主语it来代)
[例3]Hetriedhisbesttogettothetrainstationonly______thatthetrainhadleft.
A.findB.tofindC.findingD.tobefound
(答案为B,不定式做结果状语)
[例4]Theyhaveagood______oftheChineseculture(文化).
A.understandB.understanding
C.tounderstandD.tobeunderstood
(答案为B,名词understanding,做“了解,理解”讲)
[例5]Theyhavedevotedthemselvesto______.
A.teachB.teachingC.taughtD.teaches
(答案为B,动名词当宾语)
[例6]______aftertheanimalsishisdaily(日常的)work.
A.LookB.TolookC.LookingD.Looked
(答案为C,抽象的日常的用动名词)
[例7]Thebuilding______herenowisahospital.
A.tobuildB.tobebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt
(答案为D,现在分词作定语)
[例8]It’snogoodoften______othersforhelp.
A.askingB.askC.toaskD.asked
(答案为A,It’snodoing句式)
[例9]Whathasmadeyousosad?
______.
A.LostB.LosingC.BecauseIhavelostD.SinceIlost
(答案为B,上句中提问一个名词性质的词)
[例10]Heisbeginning______hismistakes.
A.seeingB.toseeC.sawD.seen
(答案为B,begin/start后面动名词与不定式都可以,且意义区别不大,但如果它们以进行时出现后面则必须用不定式避免重复)
[例11]______istobelieve.
A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SawD.Seen
(答案为B,此种句式要求前后对称)
[例12]Heobjectsto______thenewbuilding.
A.buildB.bebuiltC.buildingD.beingbuilt
(答案为C,objecttodoing反对做…)
【模拟试题】
一.用不定式完成下列各句:
1.Thedoctortold.(李蕾好好休息)
2.Didyounotice?
(有人离开房间吗?
)
3.IsawTom.(走进了书店)
4.Iheard.(有人敲门)
5.Youmustget.(他今晚到这儿来一趟)
6.It’simportant.(学习英语发音)
7.Ihope.(很快接到你的来信)
8.Becareful.(别感冒)
9.Ilikeinsummer.(去钓鱼)
10.Iwant.(成为一名教师)
11.Thisbookis.(不容易懂)
12.Hewastooexcited.(说不出话来)
13.You’dbetterspeakclearly.(我们能听得更清楚一些)
14.Hewaspleased.(看见她身体这样好)
15.HanMeimeispentallhermoney.(为了穿得漂亮)
16.Hello,MrBlack,Ihavesomethingimportant.(要告诉你)
17.Iwantyou.(告诉我那个消息)
18.Canyoutellme.(如何去那书店)
19.Doyouknow.(怎么写这个句子)
20.Heaskedme.(下一步该做什么)
二.用动词的适当形式填空:
1.Ishallneverforget(meet)himonthefirstdayatcollege.
2.Doyouenjoy(visit)friends?
3.Ireallydon’tknowwhat(say).
4.Heiscleverat(learn)languages.
5.Iexpectyou(come)atsix.
6.I’mlookingforwardto(come)backhome.
7.Thestudentsweretold(notgo)outoftheschool.
8.Theygotusedto(live)withhim.
9.Sheisafraidof(bepraised).
10.Wecanhelpyou(get)inthecrops,andyou’dbetter(have)arest.
11.Thetwooldfriendscontinued(talk)witheachother.
12.Iamsuretheprofessorhasagreed(meet)me.
13.Heseems(havefinished)hisjob.
14.Iallowedher(go)home.
15.Thebookseemseasy(read).
16.Ican’thelp(think)of(come)hereagain.
17.It’seasy(say)butdifficult(do).
18.Thebookisworth(read).
19.Iused(go)toschoollate.
20.It’sapleasure(meet)thenewteachersand(hear)them(introduce)themselves.
21.Heblamed(指责)mefor(notbe)hereontime.
22.Your(see)himagainmustbeasurprisetoyou.
23.It’sawasteoftime(try)todothisjob.
24.Iobjectto(have)themeetinghere.
25.Iamsorryfor(disturb)you.
三.选择填空:
1.Theboypromised(许诺)himmorehelp.
A.giveB.togiveC.thathegiveD.thathegive
2.Theteacheragreedlessonstohisstudents.
A.giveB.thathegiveC.togiveD.thathewillgive
3.Allthestudentslearnedupwordsinadictionary.
A.lookhowB.howtolookC.howlookD.tohowlook
4.Nobodyknewalivinginthatcountry.
A.togoB.tomakeC.howtogoD.howtomake
5.Thepatientrefused(拒绝)anymedicine.
A.haveB.tohaveC.howtohaveD.tohowhave
6.Theteacherexplained(解释)tothemthepiano.
A.thattheyplayedB.howtheyplayC.toplayD.howtoplay
7.IwantyoutotheSummerPalace.Willyougo?
A.thatItakeB.thatIwilltakeC.totakeD.howtotake
8.Thebabystarted.Tryitquiet.
A.cry;keepB.tocry;tokeepC.tocry;keepD.cry;tokeep
9.Hehopesbetter,butneverworkshard.
A.howtostudyB.tohowstudyC.tostudyhowD.tostudy
10.Doyouunderstandthecar?
A.howtodriveB.tohowdriveC.todriveD.thatyoudrive
11.Didyounoticethelittleboyaway?
A.tooktheappleandrunB.taketheappleandrun
C.takingtheappleandrunD.whotakingtheapple