高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版必修3.docx
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高中英语教材核心词汇讲解及训练新人教版必修3
核心词汇梳理并重点训练
必修3
Unit1Festivalsaroundtheworld
award,admire,apologize,remind,inmemoryof,holdon,turnup,It+be+adj./n.=that…/todo…
1.awardvt.颁奖，授奖，给予
n.奖，奖品，奖状
award
vt.授予，颁发，判给
beawardedfor…因…而受奖
awardsbsth颁发给某人某物
n.奖品，赠品，与prize近义
reward
vt.报答，酬谢，可以用于比喻意义
rewardsbwithsth用…酬谢某人
n.赏金，酬金，回报
eg:
TheOlympicwinnerreceivedagoldmedalasanaward.
Studentswhocompletethecoursesuccessfullywillbeawardedadiploma.
Everyonewhoreachedthesummitwasrewardedwithamagnificent.
Theprizewasajustrewardforallhishardwork.
2.admirevt.赞美；钦佩；羡慕
admiresbforsth因某事而钦佩某人
inadmirationof对…表示钦佩
with/inadmiration钦佩他
express/haveadmirationforsb（表示）钦佩某人
admirableadj.可钦佩的；极佳的
admiringadj.羡慕的；赞美的
admirationn.钦佩；羡慕
eg:
IhavetoadmireWangNanforherpersistence.
Iamfilledwithadmirationforhiscourage.
=Ihaveadmirationforhiscourage.
Hegavemeanadmiringlook.
3.apologizevi.道歉
apologizetosbfor（doing）sth因（做）某事向某人道歉
apologizetosb+that向某人道歉
makeanapologytosbforsth因某事向某人道歉
accept/refuseone’sapology接受/拒绝某人的道歉
eg:
Imustapologizefornotbeingabletomeetyou.
Iapologizedtoherforsteppingonherfoot.
=Imadeanapologytohersteppingonherfoot.
Heistoostubborntoacceptother’sapology.
4.remindvt.提醒；使想起
remindsbof/aboutsth提醒某人某事
remindsbtodosth提醒某人做某事
remind（sb）+that/how/what…提醒…
eg:
Thisstoryremindsmeofmychildhood.
SheremindedmethatwehadinfactmetbeforeataconferenceinBeijing.
RemindJennytobringherlaptopwhenshecomes.
Ineedtheplanstoremindmewhattodo.
辨析remind/recall：
remind“提醒，使想起”，指在外力的作用下回响起某事或指有意识地使某人牢记某事。
如Thisremindsmeofwhatwedidtogetherduringourholidays.
recall“回忆，使回忆”，侧重有意识地回忆起过去的事情。
如DickrecallshavingbeeninParistostudymusicwhenhewasachild.
5.inmemoryof纪念；追念
tothememoryof=inmemoryof为了纪念
haveagood/badmemoryforsth善于/不善于记…
bringbackgoodmemories引起对美好往事的回忆
withinsb’smemory就某人记忆所及
infavorof支持，赞同，对某人有利
infaceof面临，面对
inhonourof为纪念…；祝贺…；为了向…表示敬意
inneedof需要
inplaceof代替
incaseof万一
inchargeof负责；掌管
insearchof寻找
eg:
Hewroteapoemtothememoryof/inmemoryofthosewhodiedinSichuanEarthquake.
NoteveryonehasagoodmemoryforEnglishwords.
Incaseoffire,ringthealarmbell.
6.holdon别挂电话
holdback踌躇；阻止；抑制
holdonto抓住不放手；保住，守住
holdup使耽搁；使停顿；支撑
holdout坚持；顶住
eg:
Sheheldback,notknowingwhattodoorsay.
ImademychoiceandIwillholdontotheend.
Couldyouholdoutinspiteofthedifficulty?
Alotofcarswereheldupintheaccident.
7.turnup出现，到场；调高
turndown关小；调低；拒绝
turnoff关上；转弯
turnout生产，制造；结果是；赶走
turnover翻转；交付；反复考虑
turnto求助于；转向
turnaround回转
turnagainst背叛；反抗
turnin上交；欺骗
turnon打开；转开
turnaway不准…入内；走开
eg:
Thereisnoneedtobook—justturnuponthenight.
Don’tturntheTVup—I’mtryingtoread.
Youmayturnoveryourexampapernow.
I’msureitwillturnoutwellintheend.
8.Atthattimepeoplewouldstarveiffoodwasdifficulttofind,especiallyduringthecoldwintermonths.
本句tofind动词不定式的主动形式表被动。
不定式在某些形容词（difficult,hard,easy,comfortable,pleasant,fit,unfit,light,heavy,good,safe,dangerous,interesting等）后作状语且和句子的主语（或宾语）构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动形式表示被动含义。
不定式若为不及物动词，后面要带有介词。
eg:
Tomisaneasy-goingpersonwhilehisbrotherishardtogetalongwith.
WefoundEnglishhardtolearn.
Theproblemisdifficulttodealwith.
9.ItwasobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave…
it作形式主语，可以代替不定式、动名词、从句，置于句首，无意义，使句式结构更平衡。
常见句型有：
Itisimportant（easy,hard,difficult,possible,necessary…）forsbtodosth.
Itisapity（ashame,apleasure,one’sduty,badmanners…）forsbtodosth.
Itiskind（nice,wise,brave,silly,polite,friendly…）ofsbtodosth.
It’sapity（ashame,afact,awonder…）that…
Itisstrange（obvious,true,good,possible,likely,clear…）that…
Itseems（happens,turnsout,occurstome…）that…
Itissaid（reported,decided,expected…）that…
eg:
It’simportantforustosetagoalandachieveitwithhardwork.
Itisourdutytoprotectourenvironment.
It’sawonderthatheisstillalive.
Itisestimatedthat5companieshavesufferedheavylossesintheincident.
练习：
1.Suchnobledeedsofthedoctorsandnursescan’tbeonlywithmoney.
A.rewardedB.awardedC.praisedD.valued
2.Wetheoldscientisthiscontribution
thecountry.
A.admire;for;toB.admire;at;to
C.respect;on;forD.respect;on;at
3.你必须因你的粗鲁向她道歉。
4.有时候接受别人的道歉是明智的和体谅人的。
5.---Pleasecallmeat8:
00tomorrowmorning.I’mforgetful.
---Don’tworryaboutthat.You’llbesurely.
A.remindedB.toldC.warnedD.informed
6.thenumbersinemployment,thehotelindustrywasthesecondlargestindustryinthiscountrylastyear.
A.InspiteofB.Incaseof
C.IntermsofD.Inpraiseof
7.Thismonumentwasbuiltthelittlehero.
A.inplaceofB.insearchof
C.inmemoryofD.inneedof
8.Youshouldyouroldfurniture,becauseitwillbeusedsomeday.
A.holdbackB.holdonto
C.holdupD.holdout
9.MemoriesofherstayingwiththehostfamilyinChinaoftentothemindoftheexchangestudent.
A.comebackB.callup
C.holdbackD.bringup
10.Let’snotwaitanylonger.Hemightnotatall.
A.turnoverB.turnupC.turnonD.turndown
11.Ihavefoundaroomwhichiscomfortable.
A.livingB.toliveC.tobelivedinD.tolivein
12.Itisstrangethatshetoday.
A.willbeabsentB.isabsent
C.shouldbeabsentD.wasabsent
Unit2Healthyeating
balance,lie,limit,benefit,combine,getawaywith,indebt,havesbdoing/do
1.balancen.天平，平衡；结余，余额
v.平衡，权衡
keepabalanceddiet保持饮食平衡
keep/loseone’sbalance保持/失去平衡
offbalance失去平衡的；没有站稳的
onbalance总的来说
asenseofbalance平衡感
balancedadj.平衡（或显示）平衡的
eg:
Ifoundithardtokeepmybalanceontheicypath.
Youhavetobalancetheadvantagesoflivinginthecountrysideagainstthedisadvantages.
IthinkonbalanceIprefertheneweducationsystem.
Athletesneedagoodsenseofbalance.
2.lievi.&n.说谎；谎话，谎言
lievi.&n.说谎；谎言（lied,lied,lying）
vi.躺，处于（某一位置），在于…（lay,lain,lying）
tellalie/tellliestosb对某人说谎
awhitelie善意的谎言
lietosb向某人说谎
layvt.（laid,laid,laying）放；搁；下（蛋），产（卵）
eg:
Helayonthegrass,lookingintothesky.
Westofthelakeliesthefamouscity.
It’snowonderthatsheliedtothecourt.
Themanlyingthereliedthathehadlaidthemoneyonthetable.
3.limitn.界限；限度
vt.限制；限定
gobeyond/overthelimit超过限度
withinthelimitsof在…范围内
setalimittosth对…规定限度
limit…to…把…限制在…内
belimitedtosth受限制于…
limitationn.限制；局限
eg:
I’llhelpasmuchasIcan,butthereisalimittowhatIcando.
Ishalllimitmyselftothreeaspectsofthesubject.
Familiesarelimitedtofourfreeticketseach.
Thistechniqueisusefulbutithasitslimitations.
4.benefitv.使…受益，得益于
n.好处，利益，优势
benefitfrom/by…从…受益，得益于
benefitsb对某人有益
beof（much,great）benefittosb=bebeneficialtosb
对某人有益处
beofnobenefittosb对某人没有益处
forthebenefitof…为了…的利益
辨析benefit/interest/advantage：
benefit普通用词，指通过正当手段从物质或精神方面得到的任何好处或利益。
其复数形式benefits表示“救济金”。
interest作“利益”解时，多用复数形式，既可指集团、群体的利益，又可指个人的利益。
其作不可数名词时，意为“利息”。
advantage指因某方面占优势或利用某机会以及对方弱点而获得利益与好处。
5.combinevt.&vi.（使）联合；（使）结合
combine…with…把…与…结合起来
combinationn.结合；联合；化合（物）
acombinationof…一种…的结合（物）
incombinationwith与…联合起来
辨析combine/unite/connect/join：
combine强调通过混合或结合产生一个新产品的过程中每个个体的特性也随之消失，多用于抽象或无形的东西。
unite指许多的个体由于共同的目的或性质结合成一个大的集体。
connect表示“连接；结合”，指两事物在某些方面有关联，但各自保持自己的特点和独立性，可用于具体事物或抽象概念。
join表示“连接；结合”，强调原来是分离的东西，现在连接或联合在一起；还表示“加入；随同”。
eg:
Wecan’talwayscombineworkwithpleasure.
Acombinationoffactorsledtoherdecisiontoresign.
Theoryshouldbeincombinationwithpractice.
6.getawaywith被放过，（做坏事）不受惩罚
getacross=putacross（使）被理解，（把…）讲清楚
getaround/round走动；消息传开
getridof摆脱；除掉
getaway（from）（从）…脱离，逃离…
getdownto（doing）sth开始认真地做某事
getin插话；收获
getout（of…）出去，离开，逃脱，摆脱
getholdof抓住
getover爬过…；克服（困难）；从…中恢复过来
getthrough完成；花光（时间，钱等）；通过；接通电话
eg:
Fortheseriousaccident,hegotawaywithonlyafine.
Weshouldgetridofthebadstyleandkeepthegood.
He’snotverygoodatgettinghisideasacross.
7.indebt负债
beinheavydebt负债累累
beindebttosb欠某人债
payoffallthedebts还清债务（动作）
beoutofdebt不欠债（状态）
get/runintodebt陷入债务
eg:
Inmyopinion,theelegantwomanwithlonghaircan’thavebeeninheavydebt.
BeingoutofdebtmakesTomalightmood.
Thecoupleworkedharddayandnightinordertopayoffalltheirdebts.
8.Nothingcouldbebetter.
表示最高级意义的几种特殊结构：
never+比较级
nothing（或no）+so+原级+as…
nothing（或no）+比较级+than…
anyother+单数名词
比较级all（the）other+复数名词
+than+anyoneelse
anyoftheother+复数名词
therestof+复数名词或不可数名词
eg:
Ican’tthinkofabetteridea.
ChinaislargethananycountryinAfrica.
---Didyousleepwelllastnight?
---Neverbetter,likealog.
Nothingismorepreciousthanhealth.
9.Hecouldn’thaveYongHuigettingawaywithtellingpeoplelies!
havesbdoing意为“允许某人做某事”时，常用于否
定句中；意为“使某人做某事”时，多用于肯定句中。
havesbdo让某人做某事
havesthdone遭遇不幸；让别人做某事；完成某事
eg:
Ican’thaveyouspeakingtomelikethis.
TheteacherhadhisstudentsreadEnglisheverymorningforhalfanhour.
Thepooroldladyhadhermoneystolenonthebus.
练习：
1.Ineducationthereshouldbeagoodamongthebranchesofknowledgethatcontributestoeffectivethinkingandwisejudgement.
A.distributionB.balance
C.combinationD.assignment
2.Therewasanoilpaintinginthecorner.It
thereforseveraldays.
升级会员 