高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练18及答案 高考.docx

高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练18及答案 高考.docx

《高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练18及答案 高考.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练18及答案 高考.docx（10页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练18及答案高考

2014高考英语阅读理解全程基础训练（18）及答案

阅读理解--------D（2013·四川，E）

Fearmaybefeltintheheartaswellasinthehead,accordingtoastudythathasfoundalinkbetweenthecyclesofabeatingheartandthechanceofsomeonefeelingfear.

Testsonhealthyvolunteersfoundthattheyweremorelikelytofeelasenseoffearatthemomentwhentheirheartsarecontracting（收缩）andpumpingbloodaroundtheirbodies,comparedwiththepointwhentheheartbeatisrelaxed.Scientistssaytheresultssuggestthattheheartisabletoinfluencehowthebrainrespondstoafearfulevent,dependingonwhichpointitisatinitsregularcycleofcontractionandrelaxation.

SarahGarfinkelattheBrightonandSussexMedicalSchoolsaid:

“Ourstudyshowsforthefirsttimethatthewayinwhichwedealwithfearisdifferentdependingonwhenweseefearfulpicturesinrelationtoourheart.”

Thestudytested20healthyvolunteersontheirreactiontofearastheywereshownpicturesoffearfulfaces.DrGarfikelsaid,“Thestudyshowedthatfearfulfacesarebetternoticedwhentheheartispumpingthanwhenitisrelaxed.Thusourheartscanalsoaffectwhatweseeandwhatwedon'tsee—andguidewhetherweseefear.”

Tofurtherunderstandthisrelationship,thescientistsalsousedabrainscanner（扫描仪）toshowhowthebraininfluencesthewaytheheartchangesaperson'sfeelingoffear.

“Wehavefoundanimportantmechanismbywhichtheheartandbrain‘speak’toeachothertochangeourfeelingandreducefear，”DrGarfinkelsaid.

“Wehopethatbyincreasingourunderstandingabouthowfearisdealtwithandwaysthatitcouldbereduced,wemaybeabletodevelopmoresuccessfultreatmentsforanxietydisorders,andalsoforthosewhomaybesufferingfromseriousstressdisorder.”

文章大意：

一项研究表明，人的心脏能够对人感知恐惧的反应产生影响。

13．Whatisthefindingofthestudy?

A．One'sheartaffectshowhefeelsfear.

B．Fearisaresultofone'srelaxedheartbeat.

C．Fearhassomethingtodowithone'shealth.

D．One'sfastheartbeatsarelikelytocausefear.

答案：

A　细节理解题，由第一段可知，研究发现心脏跳动的周期与人感觉害怕的可能性之间存在联系。

14．Thestudywascarriedoutbyanalyzing________.

A．volunteers'heartbeatswhentheysawterriblepictures

B．thetimevolunteerssawfearfulpicturesandtheirhealthconditions

C．volunteers'reactionstohorriblepicturesanddatafromtheirbrainscans

D．differentpicturesshowntovolunteersandtheirheartbraincommunication

答案：

C　细节理解题，由第四段第一句话可知，本次研究是通过向20名志愿者展示令人恐惧的图片来测验他们的反应来进行的。

15．Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“mechanism”inParagraph6?

A．Order.B．System.

C．Machine.D．Treatment.

答案：

B　词义猜测题，由第六段可以得知，心脏和大脑能够“对话”来改变情感、减少恐惧，所依赖的当然应该是身体中的某个系统。

16．Thisstudymaycontributeto________.

A．treatinganxietyandstressbetter

B．explainingthecycleoffearandanxiety

C．findingthekeytotheheartbraincommunication

D．understandingdifferentfearsinourheartsandheads

答案：

A　细节理解题，由文章最后一段可知，本项研究对研发解决焦虑症和由于压力大而产生的紊乱治疗方法会有帮助。

阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）

'阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Zoosdivideopinion：

therearethosewhothinkitiscrueltokeepanimalslockedupwhileothersbelievezoosareessentialforthesurvivalofendangeredspecies.

Toarguethatzoosimprisonanimalsistomisunderstandwhatzoosareabout.Withoutzoosmanyofthecreaturesweloveandadmirewouldnolongerexist.Everysingleday，overonehundredanimalspeciesvanish.Scientistspredictthatasearlyas2050onequarteroftheEarth’sspecieswillbecomeextinct.

Someanimalsareindangerbecausetheyarehunted.Alarmingly,thepopulationoftigershasalreadyfallenbyninety-fivepercent.Otherspeciesareindangerbecauseofalackoffood.Forexample,therearefewerthan1300giantpandasleftinthewild.

Zooshavespecialbreedingprogrammestohelpthoseanimalsatrisk.Thesebreedingprogrammesareprovingextremelysuccessful.AsIreneShapirofromZooandWildlifeSupportsays,“thePuertoRicanParrothasgrowninnumbersfromjustthirteentoabouteighty-fiveandtheGoldenLionTamarinMonkey,whichhasalmostceasedtoexisttwentyyearsago,hasbeenreintroducedbackintothewild.”

Unfortunately,noteveryoneunderstandsthisimportantrolezoosplay.Forexample,BrianFeatherstonefromtheAnti-ZooForumsays,“Ican’tbelievewetakeanimalsfromthewildandputthemincagesfortheentertainmentofthepublic!

WeshouldviewthemonfilmorTVintheirnaturalenvironment.，’

However,thismissesthepoint.Azoodoesmorethandisplayanimalstothepublic.Itensurestheirsurvival.WithoutzoosyouwouldnotbeabletoseemanyoftheseanimalsonTVoranywhereelse!

26.What’sthewriter’sattitudetowardszoos?

A.Heshowsnoopinioneitherfororagainstthem.

B.Hethinksthattheyareunnecessaryandcruel.

C.Hebelievestheyplayanimportantenvironmentalrole.

D.Heexpressesadesirethatmoreofthembebuilt.

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

最后一段作者说，动物园保证了动物的幸存，没有动物园你将不可能在电视上或者其他任何地方看到许多动物。

由此可见，作者认为动物园扮演着一个重要的环境角色。

故选C。

27.Theunderlinedword“vanish”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans_____.

A.remainB.disappearC.becomerarerD.getkilled

【答案】B

【解析】词义猜测题。

A。

保持，留下B。

消失C.变得更稀罕D.被杀

下一句说，科学家预言早在2050年四分之一的地球物种将会灭绝。

因此，每一天都会有100多个动物物种消失。

故选B。

28.Accordingtothepassagetheworld’stigerpopulation_____.

A.willriseby5%nextyearB.isrelativelystable

C/is95%smallerthaninthepastD.hasfallento95%

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

第三段“Alarmingly,thepopulationoftigershasalreadyfallenbyninety-fivepercent.”说明让人担忧的是，老虎的数量已经下降了95%，即数量比过去少了95%。

故选C。

29•Accordingtothepassagesomepeopledonotagreewithzoosbecausethey_____

A.aretooexpensivetorunB.putanimalsindanger

C.donotprovideenoughfoodD.keepanimalslockedup

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

第五段BrianFeatherstone就认为我们应该在电影或电视上看动物在自然环境中的生活。

所以，一些人不同意动物园的做法是因为动物园把动物都锁了起来，使其无法生活在自然界。

30.Accordingtothewriter，themostimportantfunctionofthezooisto_____.

A.makealotofmoneyB.entertainvisitors

C.ensureanimals’survivalD.educatethepublic

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

最后一段“However,thismissesthepoint.Azoodoesmorethandisplayanimalstothepublic.Itensurestheirsurvival.”说明BrianFeatherstone没有抓住要领，动物园不仅把动物展示给公众。

它确保了动物的生存。

故选C。

阅读理解-------E

（2013·湖北，E）

AGermanstudysuggeststhatpeoplewhoweretoooptimisticabouttheirfutureactuallyfacedgreaterriskofdisabilityordeathwithin10yearsthanthosepessimistswhoexpectedtheirfuturetobeworse.

Thepaper,publishedthisMarchinPsychologyandAging,examinedhealthandwelfaresurveysfromroughly40,000Germansbetweenages18and96.Thesurveyswereconductedeveryyearfrom1993to2003.

Surveyrespondents（受访者）wereaskedtoestimatetheirpresentandfuturelifesatisfactiononascaleof0to10,amongotherquestions.

Theresearchersfoundthatyoungadults（age18to39）routinelyoverestimatedtheirfuturelifesatisfaction,whilemiddleagedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.Adultsof65andolder,however,werefarmorelikelytounderestimatetheirfuturelifesatisfaction.Notonlydidtheyfeelmoresatisfiedthantheythoughttheywould,theolderpessimistsseemedtosufferalowerratio（比率）ofdisabilityanddeathforthestudyperiod.

“Weobservedthatbeingtoooptimisticinpredictingabetterfuturethanactuallyobservedwasassociatedwithagreaterriskofdisabilityandagreaterriskofdeathwithinthefollowingdecade，”wroteFriederR.Lang,aprofessorattheUniversityofErlangenNuremberg.

Langandhiscolleaguesbelievedthatpeoplewhowerepessimisticabouttheirfuturemaybemorecarefulabouttheiractionsthanpeoplewhoexpectedarosyfuture.

“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施），”theauthorswrote.

Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline.Also,theresearcherssaidthathigherincomewasrelatedtoagreaterriskofdisability.

Theauthorsofthestudynotedthattherewerelimitationstotheirconclusions.Illness,medicaltreatmentandpersonallosscouldalsohavedrivenhealthoutcomes.

However,theresearcherssaidapatternwasclear.“Wefoundthatfromearlytolateadulthood,individualsadapttheirexpectationsoffuturelifesatisfactionfromoptimistic,toaccurate,topessimistic，”theauthorsconcluded.

文章大意：

本文主要讲述了不同年龄段的人们对未来生活的态度，对生活的满意度和幸福指数。

17．Accordingtothestudy,whomadethemostaccuratepredictionoftheirfuturelifesatisfaction?

A．Optimisticadults.

B．Middleagedadults.

C．Adultsinpoorhealth.

D．Adultsoflowerincome.

答案：

B　细节理解题，根据whilemiddleagedadults（age40to64）moreaccuratelypredictedhowtheywouldfeelinthefuture.可知B正确。

18．Pessimismmaybepositiveinsomewaybecauseitcausespeople________.

A．tofullyenjoytheirpresentlife

B．toestimatetheircontributionaccurately

C．totakemeasuresagainstpotentialrisks

D．tovaluehealthmorehighlythanwealth

答案：

C　细节理解题，根据“Seeingadarkfuturemayencouragepositiveevaluationsoftheactualselfandmaycontributetotakingimprovedprecautions（预防措施），”theauthorswrote可知C正确。

19．Howdopeopleofhigherincomeseetheirfuture?

A．Theywillearnlessmoney.

B．Theywillbecomepessimistic.

C．Theywillsuffermentalillness.

D．Theywillhavelesstimetoenjoylife.

答案：

A　细节理解题，根据Surprisingly,comparedwiththoseinpoorhealthorwhohadlowincomes,respondentswhoenjoyedgoodhealthorincomewereassociatedwithexpectingagreaterdecline可知A正确。

20．Whatistheclearconclusionofthestudy?

A．Pessimismguaranteeschancesofsurvival.

B．Goodfinancialconditionleadstogoodhealth.

C．Medicaltreatmentdetermineshealthoutcomes.