中考英语词语运用.docx
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中考英语词语运用
词汇应用
在初中英语学业水平考试中,词汇应用是英语测试中的一种必考题型,主要考察学生的阅读理解能力以及对所学词汇的运用能力。
在做题时要求考生了解短文大意及相关的语境,然后根据上下文提供的信息来确定所给词的适当形式。
【题型考点解读】
2013
2012
2011
名词单复数及所有格
1次(所有格)
1次(所有格)
1次(复数)
词性转换
3次(adj-adv
n-adj基-序)
2次(adj-adv)
2次(adj-adv)
动词时态语态
3次(时态)
3次(时态)
1次(语态)2次(时态)
动词短语搭配
2次
2次
2次
代词
1次
1次
1次
形容词比较级最高级
1次(比较级)
1次(比较级)
1次(比较级)1次(最高级)
介词+doing
1次
形容词变反义词
1次
1次
过去分词做后置定语
1次
【题型命题趋势】
纵观近几年来的词汇应用题我们会发现有以下几个特点:
1.动词形式的变化是考查的重点,包括动词短语的运用。
2.可数名词的单复数变化、名词所有格、不可数名词、人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、基数词变序数词、形容词的比较级、形容词和副词之间的互相转换等是必考的对象。
3.近三年的词汇应用题部分考查了两个到三个短语,有的是动词短语,有的是名词短语。
英语中有大量的各种类型的短语需要记忆,所以对这方面的考查是中考的必考点之一。
【如何进行复习?
】
1.厚积薄发谨记心!
千道理、万道理、积累背诵才是硬道理。
在学习中要对词汇、动词短语以及固定搭配进行积极背诵和及时的巩固复习,只有打牢基础,做题时才能得心应手。
2.进行限时训练,总结做题技巧,提高解题能力。
【解题方法与技巧】
一、词汇应用题解题方法技巧
谨记词汇应用题的特点是----词不离句,句不离篇
1.认真阅读全句,理解句意
2.分析应填词充当的句子成分,准确判断应填词的词性
Iwassurprisedwiththe_______(develop)ofShanghai.
例题中由句意可知,需要用develop的名词形式development
3.综合考虑,判断所填词的正确形式
A.找出提示词
例1:
There are many _______(child) in the classroom.
例2:
Thislesson is_______(difficult) than that one.
例3:
David works________________ (care) in his class.
解析:
例1空格前有many,应填child的复数形式。
例2由空格后的than可知,应填difficult的比较级more difficult。
例3空格前有动词works,可知后应填副词,再根据后面的in his class可知,应填carefully的最高级 the most carefully。
B.注意动词短语固定搭配
如:
usesthtodosthallowsbtodosthspendtime(in)doingminddoingsthbeinterestedin
二、常考词性考点分析
1.名词:
名词单复要牢记,还有’s不能弃
A.Spidermanisoneofthemostfamouscomicbook_______(hero)ofalltime.
B.Withtearsinhiseyes,heaskedthequestionwiththesewords,“Areyou______(God)wife?
”
“No,I’mamother,”saidthewoman.
Keys:
A.heroesB.God’s
2.形容词、副词:
形、副注意用三级,形、副转换时常考,形修名词副修动,牢牢记在心头上
A.Theycan’tunderstandtheirteacher______(clear)
B.Butitmaybe_____(good)thanyouthink
Keys:
A.clearlyB.better
4.数词:
要填数词请留意,千万别忘“基”和“序”
Sohedid.Hehadneversunginpublicbefore.Nowhewassingingforthe_____(one)time.
Keys:
first
5.填代词需慎重,五格变化(sheherherhersherself)要谨记
Butnowatleasthecanliveon_____(he)own
Keys:
his
6.介词:
介词后面动名词,常见介词(ofbeforeafterinforwithwithoutexceptby)记心头
After______(explain)somethinginclass,heaskedhisstudentsiftheyunderstood.
Keys:
explaining
7.动词:
动词注意要变形(第三人称单数、过去式、过去分词);时态判断方法多,根据时态呼应、上下文、时间状语都可以;语态判断顺句意,动词短语要牢记,平日积累最可贵.
A.Bequite!
He___________(listen)totheradio.
B.It’sjustbecauseyoulooklikemyson,whomI______(notsee)foralongtime.
C.Ifyoucanthinkofsomeonewhoshould________(give)anapology(道歉)fromyou,dosomethingaboutitrightnow.
D.Thedoctorsaidmyfather___________(get)wellintwomonths.
Keys:
A.islistening(根据上下文)
B.haven’tseen(for+段时间since短语是现在完成时态的典型时间状语)
C.begiven(根据句意)
D.wouldget(根据时态呼应,在宾语从句中要注意时态呼应。
若主句是一般过去时态,从句若不是客观真理,其时态也要用相对应的过去时态)
如果所给动词在句子中不作谓语,就应该考虑用动词的非谓语动词形式(tododoingdone)。
究竟选用哪种非谓语动词形式,可根据情况从以下几方面来考虑。
1.动词不定式常用的情况是
(1)在及物动词后用不定式作宾语如:
wanttodohelptododecidetodowouldliketodo等
(2)用不定式做宾补如:
usesthtodosthasksbtodosthallowsbtodosthwantsbtodosthencouragesbtodosth等(3)用不定式做形补如:
bepleasedtodosthbehappytodosth等(4)用不定式做后置定语如:
somethingtoeathavetimetodosthhaveachancetodosthagoodplacetovisitthebestwaytodosth等(5)在某些句型中要用动词不定式如:
itistimeforsbtodosthitis+adjforsb+todosth(6)在短语bemadetodosthbeseentodosthbeheardtodosthbeallowedtodosth中用动词不定式
2.在某些动词后用省to的动词不定式,如:
makesbdosthletsbdosth但在某些动词后既可用动词原形又可用doing来表示不同的涵义如:
seesbdosth看到某人做某事的过程seesbdoingsth看到某人正在做某事,相同用法还有单词noticewatchhear等。
3.在某些单词后要用动词ing形式如:
enjoyfinishmindspendbebusydoingsthlookforwardtodoingsthcan’thelpdoingsthhavefundoingsthhaveproblemsdoingsth
4.过去分词做后置定语如:
Aftersometime,oneofthebrotherspickedupajarfilled(fill)withgoldcoins.
【知能训练】
(一)
Brianwasnotgoodatpublicspeaking.Oneday,he1(invite)tomakeaspeechatachurch.His2(young)sisterAnnknewhewasnervousandtriedtocalmhimdown."Don'tworry.Everything3(be)fine."Whenthedaycame,Brian'scarhadanaccidentonthewaytothechurch.Luckily,hewasnot4(bad)hurtandarrivedatthechurchontime.Itwas5(he)turn.Whenhestoodup,hitcoatbecametangledwithhischair.Afterafew6(minute),hefinallybeganhisspeech.buthewassonervousthathedroppedhisbook.Manypeoplethoughthewouldrun,buthewenton.
Suddenly,peoplesawsomething7(usual)8(run)downfromhisnose,blood!
Hestopped_9_(speak)whenhesawtheblood.Buthestilltriedtofinishhisspeech.ThenAnnquietlymovedtothefrontandhandedhimherhandkerchief.Thenshegavehimasmileand10(return)toherseat.
Itwasa11(real)simplegesture,andmightbethe12(simple).Shejustsawsomeoneinneed,andgavehimahand.Intheend,Brianfinishedhistalk,withmoreconfidence.
1.2.
3.4.
5.6.
7.8.
9.10.
11.12.
(二)
DuringtheSecondWorldWar.John'sfamilydidn'thaveawashingmachine.Therefore,1(keep)clothescleanbecameaproblemforthem.
Beforelong,afamilyfrienddecided2(join)thearmyandhiswifewasgoingwithhim.John'sfamilytoldthemthattheycouldtakecareoftheirfurniture(家具)whiletheywereaway.Tothe3(family)surprise,thefriendsuggestedtheyshouldusehisBendixwashingmachine.“Itwouldbebetterforitto4(use),ratherthansitting5(quiet),”hesaid.
YoungJohnhelpedwiththewashing,andhedevelopedadeeploveoftheold,greenBendix.6(Late),thewarendedandthefamily'sfriendreturned.Whenhecametotakethemachineaway.Johnbecameverysad.Hismothersawthisandsaidto7(he).“Son,youmustrememberthatmachinedidn'tbelongtousinthe8(one)place.Itwasagiftforustobeabletouseitforsuchalongtime.So,insteadof9(be)sadabouttheloss.Let’sbegratefulthatwe10(be)abletouseitatthattime.”
Wehaveallexperiencedloss:
lossofpeopleandthings.However,ifweseethethingwe11(lose)asagiftthatweweregivenforatime,maybethesad12(memory)willchangeintothankfulones.
1.2.
3.4.
5.6.
7.8.
9.10.
11.12.
(三)
Longlongago,twobrothersdecidedtodigabigholebehindtheirhouse.Asthey1(dig),someyoungmenstopped2(watch).“Whatareyoudoing?
”askedoneoftheyoungmen.“Wewanttodigaholeallthewaythroughtheearth!
”oneofthebrothers3(reply).Theyoungmenbegantolaughatthem.Theytoldthemthattheirplanwasquitesillyanddiggingaholeallthewaythroughtheearthwas4(possible).
Aftersome5(time),oneofthebrotherspickedupajar6(fill)withgoldcoinsandthenabottleofdifferent7(kind)ofseedswhichmadetheiryardabeautifulgardenlateron.Heshowedtheamazingthingstoothers.Everyonewasshocked.Thenhesaid8(confident),“Evenifwecan’tdigthroughtheearth,lookatwhatwe9(find)alongtheway!
”
Theirgoalwastoodifficulttoreach,butitdidgetthemtodig.Noteverygoal10(reach)atlast.Butwhenyoucan’tgettoyourgoal,perhapsyoucansayto11(you),“SomanygreatthingshavecomeintomylifewhileIwasdoingsomething.’’
Itisinthediggingthatlifeislived.Andthereis12(much)joyinthejourney,sometimesthanintheend.
1.2.
3.4.
5.6.
7.8.
9.10.
11.12.
(四)
Mymotherwasa1(cooker)ofourschoolcanteen(餐厅)whenIwasinmiddleschool.Atthattimeshewassuchanembarrassment(令人尴尬的人)tomebecauseshe2(has)onlyoneeye.EverytimeIsawherinmyschool,Ipretended3(notsee)herandranaway.After4(graduate)Igotajobinanothercityandthenmarriedandhadtwo5(kid).Itoldmyfamilythatmyparents6(be)dead,sotheyhadneverseenmymother.
Oneday,mymothercametovisitme.Mykidswereafraidandcriedwhentheysaw7(she).Iwasveryangryandsaid,“Youmusthavemadeamistake.Mymotherhasbeen8(die)formanyyears.”
Afterafewdays,Ireceivedaletter.I9(read):
Mydearestson,
I’msorrythatIwasanembarrassmenttoyouwhenyouweregrowingup.10(How),Ihasnoidea.Whenyouwerealittleboy,yougotintoanaccidentand11(lose)youreyes.Asamother,I…
WhenIreadhere,Icould’tstop12(cry).
1.2.
3.4.
5.6.
7.8.
9.10.
11.12.
(五)
1(do)homeworknotonlycanhelpchildrenmastertheknowledgetheyhavelearntbutalsocantraintheirabilitiesoffinishingtheworkalone,2(plan)thetimeanddoingthe3(duty).Butsomechildrendon’tliketocompletethework.Why?
Therearesomereasons.
Somechildrenfeelitisverydifficult4(do)theirhomework,becausetheycan’tunderstandtheirteacher5(clear),andcan’tfollowtheirteacher’steachingprocess.Maybethereissomethingwrongwiththeirintelligence.
Butsomechildren’sintelligenceisnormal.Theyareeven6(clever),buttheydon’tlistentotheteacher7(careful).Itishardforthem8(sit)wellandpayattentiontoanything.Itneedstocarryontheattentioncentralized(集中注意力)training9(help)thechildren.
Somechildrenlovetheirteacherandthentheylikethesubject.Theirinterestdependsontheteacherwho10(teach)them.Soeveryteachershouldbe11(help)andkind.Itcanmakechildrenloveyouandthesubjectyouteach.Sotheycandotheirhomework12(happy).
1.2.
3.4.
5.6.
7.8.
9.10.
11.12.
(六)
Lastyear,wespentChristmasandNewYearinQueensland,Australia.Thebeacheswerebeautiful,andwespentalotoftime1(play)bythesea,swimmingandsurfing.Oneday,wewereonabeachjustinthesouthofacity2(name)Carins.Mylittlesister3(