高中英语定语从句必看.docx
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高中英语定语从句必看
(十一)定语从句
一、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that引导定语从句
时,可在从句中作主语、宾语、定语等句子成分。
who代指
人,作主语或宾语;whom代指人,作动词宾语或介词宾
语;whose代指人(=ofwhom)或物(=ofwhich),作定语;
which代指物,作主语或宾语;that代指人或物,作主语、宾
语或表语。
ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.
Thebookwhich/thatIamreadingiswrittenbyThomas
Hardy.
Thedeskwhoselegisbrokenisveryold.
Heisnolongertheboythatheusedtobetwoyears
ago.
使用关系代词时应注意以下几点:
(1)“介词+关系代词”可以引导定语从句,但关系代词只可用
whom或which,不可用who或that。
Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.
Inthedarkstreet,therewasn’tasinglepersonto_whomshecould
turnforhelp.
(2)“whose+n.”引导定语从句时,可换成“the+n.+of
whom/which”或“ofwhich+the+n.”。
Helivesinabighousewhosewindowfacesthesea.
Helivesinabighousethewindowofwhichfacesthesea.
Helivesinabighouseofwhichthewindowfacesthesea.
(3)which引导的定语从句还可修饰前面整个主句,此时which相当于andthis。
Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsvery
happy.
Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethan
wecouldexpect.
【注】判断定语从句用什么引导词的关键是看先行词在从句中
作什么成分。
I’llneverforgetthedaythat/whichIspentwithyouonthe
farm.(先行词theday作spent的宾语:
Ispentthedaywithyouon
thefarm.)
I’llneverforgetthedaywhenIworkedtogetherwithyouonthe
farm.(先行词theday在从句中作状语:
Iworkedtogetherwith
youonthefarmonthatday.)
HeworksinthefactorywhichmakescolorTVsets.(先行词the
factory在从句中作主语:
ThefactorymakescolorTVsets.)
HeworksinthefactorywherecolorTVsetsaremade.(先行词the
factory在从句中作状语:
ColorTVsetsaremadeinthefactory.)
二、关系副词引导的定语从句
1.关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中分别表示时间、地点
或原因。
关系副词when在从句中充当时间状语,where充当地点
状语,why充当原因状语。
当先行词在定语从句中作状语时,引
导词要用关系副词。
IwillneverforgetthedaywhenImetMr.Lin.
Thisistheplacewherewelivedfor5years.
Iknowthereasonwhyhecamelate.
2.关系副词常可换成“介词+关系代词”。
when可换成on/in/by
which等,where可换成at/in/fromwhich等,why换成forwhich。
ThisisthefactorywhereIpaidavisittheotherday.
Thisisthefactoryto_which_I_paid_a_visittheotherday.
Thisisthefactorythat/which_I_visitedtheotherday.
3.that有时可以代替关系副词引导定语从句,此时that可以省去,
不过这是一种非正式用法。
Ithappenedontheday(that/when)Iwasborn.
4.way后面的定语从句不能用how引导。
如way在从句中作状语,
应用inwhich或that引导,甚至还可省略引导词;如作主语或宾
语应用that或which引导。
Idon’tliketheway(inwhich/that)hetalks.
Thewaythat/whichhethoughtoftosolvetheproblemmightbe
helpful.
5.fromwhere为“介词+关系副词”结构,它也可以引导定语从句。
Tomhidhimselfbehindthedoor,fromwherehecouldhearthe
stepsofhismotherclearly.
6.as引导的定语从句
as有“正如,就像”之意,可引导非限制性定语从句,从句可位于
主句的前面、中间或后面;但which引导的非限制性定语从句一
般只能放在主句之后。
Ashadbeenexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.
Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,whichwehadn’t
expected.
7.非限制性定语从句与并列句的识别
非限制性定语从句与主句之间要用“逗号”分隔,并且不能加入
and,but,so等连接词。
并列句一般由and,but,so等词连接,
或中间用“分号”隔开。
Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows,mostofwhich
hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows,and
mostofthemhadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
Hepaidtheboy10forwashingthewindows;mostofthem
hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.
8.定语从句与同位语从句的区别
同位语从句是位于名词answer,belief,doubt,decision,
explanation,fact,hope,idea,information,news,order,
problem,promise,truth等后的句子,并对这些名词进行补充
说明或解释;从句一般是一个完整的句子,引导词that只起引导
作用,不作句子成分,且that不可省略;同位语从句不可用
which引导。
而定语从句通常是一个不完整的句子,缺少主语或
宾语等。
Thefactthatshehasn’tknowntheresultoftheexaminationis
clear.
Thefact(that/which)shetoldmeyesterdayisveryimportant.
过关落实
1.Somepreschoolchildrengotoadaycarecenter,________they
learnsimplegamesandsongs.
A.thenB.thereC.whileD.where
解析:
where引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作地点状语。
答案:
D
2.Hewaseducatedatthelocalhighschool,________hewenton
toBeijingUniversity.
A.afterwhichB.afterthat
C.inwhichD.inthat
解析:
afterwhich引导定语从句,which指上面的句子Hewas
educatedatthelocalhighschool,表示“在当地高中受教
育后上了北京大学”。
答案:
A
3.Thosesuccessfuldeafdancersthinkthatdancingisanactivity
________sightmattersmorethanhearing.
A.whenB.whoseC.whichD.where
解析:
先行词是activity,关系词在从句中作地点状语,表示
“在这种活动中”,故选where。
答案:
D
4.—Wheredidyougettoknowher?
—Itwasonthefarm________weworked.
A.thatB.thereC.whichD.where
解析:
where引导定语从句修饰thefarm,在从句中作地点状语。
答案:
D
5.Thebookwaswrittenin1946,________theeducationsystem
haswitnessedgreatchanges.
A.whenB.duringwhich
C.sincethenD.sincewhen
解析:
1946是先行词,when引导定语从句,由句意可知,关系
词前应加since,译为“自从那时……”。
答案:
D
6.Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneotherthan
himselforherself,________canbeveryeyeopeningand
rewarding.
A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
解析:
which引导非限制性定语从句,在从句中作主语。
答案:
B
7.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst________Ireally
enjoyed.
A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which
解析:
ofwhich指ofthethreebooksoncooking;of结构提
前,指物时关系代词用which。
答案:
B
8.TheBeatles,________manyofyouareoldenoughto
remember,camefromLiverpool.
A.whatB.thatC.howD.as
解析:
as引导非限制性定语从句。
答案:
D
9.Wesawseveralnativesadvancingtowardsourparty,andoneof
themcameuptous,________wegavesomebellsandglasses.
A.towhichB.towhom
C.withwhomD.withwhich
解析:
当介词结构(to)提前,指人时,关系代词用whom。
答案:
B
10.Isawawomanrunningtowardmeinthedark.BeforeIcould
recognizewhoshewas,shehadrunbackinthedirection
________shehadcome.
A.ofwhichB.bywhich
C.inwhichD.fromwhich
解析:
“从哪个方向来”为comefromthedirection,变为定语
从句时from提前,用which引导定语从句。
答案:
D
11.Itisfarbetterforonetodrinkmilk,______onegetshealthful
nutrients,thantodrinkcoffee,________containsno
nutrientsatall.
A.what;whatB.where;as
C.fromwhich;whichD.inwhich;what
解析:
根据句意“人们从牛奶中得到有益健康的营养成分”可
知,第一个空应填fromwhich;两个从句都是非限制性定语从
句,指物时,关系代词用which,故选C项。
答案:
C
12.LastOctoberChinalauncheditssecondmannedspaceship
ShenzhouⅥ,________twoChineseastronautstraveledin
spaceforfivedays.
A.inwhichB.atwhich
C.bywhichD.fromwhich
解析:
先行词为ShenzhouⅥ,定语从句表示“两名宇航员来此
飞船……”,故用inwhich。
答案:
A
13.—Theauthorsofcomputervirusesaregeniuses.
—Iagree.Theycanapplytheirwisdomtoothernettechnology
________humanbeingscanbenefit.
A.inwhichB.throughwhich
C.onwhichD.fromwhich
解析:
benefitfrom,从……中获益,获得好处;from提前且
定语从句先行词为物时,用which。
答案:
D
14.Today’sSichuanhasbecomearepresentativeofthewest
development,aplace________hopesandopportunitieshave
replacedpovertyandbackwardness.
A.whichB.thatC.whereD.there
解析:
where引导定语从句,且在句中作地点状语。
答案:
C
15.Theirgoodsareexchangedforsuchmachineryandequipment
________weneedtobuyabroad.
A.thatB.whatC.asD.which
解析:
such...as...意思是“像……这样的”,as作关系代词,
引导定语从句,as在定语从句中作need的宾语;而
such...that...中的that引导结果状语从句只起引导作用,不
在句子中作成分。
答案:
C