广外口译与听力课后习题1120.docx

广外口译与听力课后习题1120.docx

《广外口译与听力课后习题1120.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《广外口译与听力课后习题1120.docx（83页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

广外口译与听力课后习题1120

BOOK2

11-1

坚持教育适度超前发展，为国民经济和社会发展服务。

发展教育，要面向现代化，面向世界，面向未来，着力推进素质教育，促进学生德，智，体，美全面发展。

我们要巩固基本普及九年义务教育和基本扫除青壮年文盲的成果，加快高中阶段教育和高等教育的发展，重点建设一批高水平大学和学科。

我们要大力发展职业教育和职业培训，建立职业教育和普通教育相互沟通的教育体系，发展成人教育和多种形式的继续教育，逐步形成终身教育体系，利用信息发展远程教育。

我们要根据经济和社会发展的要求，继续调整教育的布局，优化专业设置，更新教材，改革课程体系，考试评价制度和教学方法，提高教学质量。

改进德育教育方法，加强学校思想政治工作。

我们还要不断搞好教师队伍建设，全面提高教师素质。

我们要深化办学体制和教育管理体制改革。

要依法落实高校办学自主权，继续推进高校后勤服务社会化。

鼓励，支持和规范社会力量办学。

同时，增加国家和社会对教育的投入，加大中央财政和省级财政对贫困地区教育的转移支付和专项投入，加强县级政府对基础教育经费的统筹，落实教师个工资统一发放的措施。

我们还要健全奖学金，助学金和助学贷款等制度，采取有力措施，切实制止学校乱收费。

Persistingintheappropriatedevelopmentoffuture-orientededucationtoservenationaleconomicandsocialdevelopment.

Indevelopingeducation,weshouldmeettheneedsofmordernization,theworldandthefuture,andconcentrateonimprovingquality-orientededucationtoensurethatstudentsimproveintermsoftheirmoralqualities,intellectualability,physicalfitnessandaestheticappreciation.Weneedtoconsolidatetheachievementsofmakingnine-yearcompulsoryeducationbasicallyuniversalinthecountryandeliminatingilliteracyamongyoungandmiddle-agedpeople,acceleratetheexpansionofseniorsecondaryschooleducationandhighereducationanddevelophigh-levelprogramsinselecteduniversitiesanddisciplines.Greateffortshavetobemadetodevelopvocationaleducationandtrainingandtoestablishaneducationalsystemfeaturingtheintegrationofvocationaleducationwithergeneraleducation.Weneedtodevelopadulteducationandvariousformsofcontinuingeducationandgraduallyestablishasystemoflifelongeducation.Informationtechnologyneedstobeusedtodeveloplong-distanceeducation.Inlightoftheneedsofeconomicandsocialdevelopment,weneedtocontinuetorevisetheeducationalstructureandorganization,optimizethedivisionofdisciplines,updateteachingmaterials,reformthecurriculum,examinationandevaluationsystems,improvethemethodsandqualityofinstruction,strengthenmoraleducationandideologicalandpoliticalwork,recruitastrongcorpsofcapableteachers,andimprovetheoverallqualityofteachers.

Weneedtodeepenthereformofthesystemsforoperatingschoolsandmanagingeducation.Weneedtoallowinstitutionsofhigherlearningtomakeoperatingdecisionsaccordingtolaw,andtocontinuethetransformationtoasystemofindependentoperationofsupportservicesinuniversitiesandcolleges.Weneedtoencourageandhelpallsectorsofsocietytorunschools,andweneedtoexerciseoversightovertheiroperation.Thestateandsocietyneedtoinvestmoreineducation.moretransferpaymentsandinvestmentinspecialprojectsfromthecentralandprovincialfinancialdepartmentshavetobeprovidedforeducationinpoverty-strickenareas.countrygovernmentsneedtostrengthenoverallplanningoffundsforelementaryeducation.Measuresmustbeimplementedtoguaranteethecoordinatedpaymentofteachers’salaries.Weneedtoimprovethesystemsofscholarships,grantsandloanstosupportstudents,andweneedtotakeeffectivemeasurestocurbarbitrarychargesleviedbyschools.

11-2.1978年12月26日，52位中国学者前往美国留学。

他们来自全国22个单位，从事的是国家经济建设急需专业的研究工作。

Some52ChinesescholarssetoutfortheUnitedStatesonDecember26,1978,theycamefrom22unitsacrossthecountryandtheywereallengagedintheresearchofdisciplinesbadlyneededfornationaleconomicconstruction.

选送留学生的决定标志着中国对外开放,当时引起全世界的关注.在过去的20年,留学渠道多种多样:

国家公派,单位公派,交流项目或自费.

Thedecisiontosendstudentsabroadsymbolizedchina’sopeningtotheoutsideworld.Itarousedworldwideattentionatthattime.Overthepasttwodecades,channelsforstudyingabroadhavebeendiversified.insteadofthesingleoptionofgoingatthestate’sexpense,manypeoplearesentbytheirworkunits,andmanystudyoutsidechinaonexchangeprogramsorattheirownexpense.

1992年，中央政府提出对出国留学人员采取“支持留学，鼓励回国，来去自由”的工作方针。

至今有96000人学成回国，成为中国改革开发，经济发展和社会进步的中坚力量。

In1992,theCentralGovernmentputforwardapolicyconcerningthesendingofstudentsabroad.Accordingtothepolicy,thecountryencouragesstudentstogoabroadandreturnafteraccomplishingtheirstudy.Thesestudentscanleaveandreturnfreely.Todate,the96000returnedstudentshaveformedavitalforceinthecountry’sreformandopeningdrive,economicdevelopmentandsocialprogress.

从20世纪80年代初期起,中国开始与联合国开发计划署,儿童基金会,世界银行,联合国教科文组织在师资培训,职业教育,成人教育,基础教育,视听教育和出版教材等各领域进行合作与交流.通过引进国际上先进的技术,教育管理经验与国外资金,提高了开发国内教育资源的能力.

Fromtheearly1980sonwards,chinabeganitscooperationandexchangewiththeundp,theunchildren’sfund,theworldbankandtheunescoinvariousfieldssuchasthetrainingofteachingstaff,vocationaleducation,adult,basicandaudio-visualeducationandteachingmaterialpublishing.Throughtheintroductionofinternationalhigh-techandadvancededucationalmanagerialexpertiseandoverseasfunds,thecountryhasimproveditscapabilitytotapdomesticeducationalresources.

引进外国智力,聘请外国专家帮助经济建设,是我国改革开放的重要组成部分.改革开放以来,特别是近5年来,我国每年聘请大量外国专家来华工作,他们在我国的经济,教育等各项事业中发挥了积极作用.据国家外国专家局负责人介绍,我国将加大引进外国智力工作,为外国专家创造良好的工作和生活条件,保护其知识产权和其他合法利益.

Tointroduceforeignintellectualsandrecruitforeignexpertsforchina’seconomicconstructionisanimportantcomponentinopeningtotheoutsideworld.Sincethereformandopening,especiallyoverthepastfiveyears,chinahasrecruitednumerousforeignexpertstoworkinchinaeachyear.Theyhaveplayedanactiveroleinvariousfieldsincludingeconomicandeducationalsectors.Accordingtoanofficialfromthestateadministrationofforeignexpertaffairs,chinawillredoubleitseffortstobringinmoreforeignintellectuals,creategoodworkingandlivingconditionsforforeignexpertsandprotecttheirintellectualpropertyrightsandotherlawfulrightsandinterests.

11-3

实施科教兴国战略,是中国实现经济振兴和国家现代化的根本大计.科教兴国,基础在教育.要继续把教育防在优先发展的战略地位。

今年,要使全国80%以上的人口普及九年义务教育,扫除青壮年文盲300万人左右,积极发展各种形式的职业教育和成人教育.大力推进素质教育,注重创新精神和实践能力的培养,使学生在德,智,体,美等方面全面发展.依法增加政府对教育的投入,充分利用教育资源,注重提高办学效益.

振兴教育事业,一要加大改革力度.继续积极改革教育思想,体制,内容和方法.按照”共建,调整,合作,合并”的方针,进一步改革政府专业部门办学的体制,加快高等教育向中央和省两极管理,在国家宏观政策指导下以省级政府统筹为主的新体制过渡.深化高校内部管理体制和其他各类学校管理体制的改革.积极探索发展民办教育的机制.

二要更加重视质量.全面提高各类学校的教育质量,特别是中小学阶段的教育质量。

严格教师标准,努力提高教师队伍的政治素质和业务水平,继续改善教师的工作和生活条件.

三要更加重视思想政治和品德教育.坚持用马克思列宁主义,毛泽东思想,特别是邓小平理论教育学生,使他们树立坚定的社会主义思想和信念,努力提高一代新人的全面素质.

Implementationofthestrategyofdevelopingchinabyrelyingonscienceandeducationisamajormeasureforensuringvitalityintheeconomyandformodernizingthecountry.Thestrategyisbasedoneducation.Weshouldcontinuetomakeeducationastrategicpriority.

Wewillbeworkingtomakenine-yearcompulsoryeducationavailableinmoreareasthisyearsothatmorethan80%ofthetotalpopulationiscoveredandwewillreducethenumberofilliterateyoungandmiddle-agedpeoplebyabout3million.Weshouldactivelyworktodevelopvocationalandadulteducationinvariousforms.Wewillalsovigorouslypushaheadwithquality-orientededucation,attachimportancetodevelopinginnovativespiritandpracticalabilityofstudentsandensurethattheycanimproveintermsoftheirmoral,intellectualandfitnesslevelaswellasintheiraestheticappreciation.Thegovernmentwillbeincreasinginvestmentineducationinaccordancewiththelaw,makinggooduseofeducationalresourcesandworkingtoraisetheoverallefficiencyofschools.

Toimproveeducationweneedtodoanumberofthings.First,weshouldintensifyreforms.Weshouldcontinuetomodifyourconceptsofeducation,reformthemanagementsystemofeducationandmakechangestocoursecontentandteachingmethods.Followingaschemeininvolvingjointadministration,adjustments,cooperationandmergers,wewillfurthermodifythesystemunderwhichschoolsarerunbyspecializeddepartmentsofthegovernment.Wewillbespeedingupthetransitiontoanewsystemofmanagementofinstitutionsofhigherlearningunderwhichtheyareoperatedatboththecentralandprovinciallevels,withmostoperatedbyprovincialgovernmentsundertheguidanceofthestate’smacro-controlpolicy.Weshoulddeepenthereformofthesystemofinternalmanagementofinstitutionsofhigherlearningandotherkindsofschoolsandexplorewaysfornon-governmentalsectorstorunschools.

Second,moreattentionshouldbepaidtothequalityofeducation.Weshouldworkhardtoimprovethequalityofeducationinallkindsofschoolsatalllevels,especiallyinprimaryandsecondaryeducation.Weshouldbestrictwiththestandardsforteachers,improvetheirpoliticalandprofessionalqualityandcontinuetoimprovetheirworkingandlivingconditions.

Third,weshouldhighlyvalueideological,politicalandmoraleducation.WeshouldeducatestudentsinMarxism-leninism,maoZedongthought,andparticularlydengXiaopingtheorytoinstalltheminsocialistidealsandbeliefstoimprovetheoverallqualityofthenewgenearation.

11-4

Inanagewhentelevisionisavitalentertainmentmedium,moreandmorepeopleareusingitasastudyaid.

InBritain,theopenuniversity,foundedin1969,encourageshome-basedstudentstostudyforbachelorofartsandbachelorofsciencedegreesusingacombinationoftelevisionandradioprogramsandcorrespondencework,wherestudentssendinassignmentstotheirtutorsandhavethemreturnedafterassessment.

Theopenuniversityhasnoformalentrancerequirementforitsstudentsandisdesignedparticularlyforpeoplewhohavemissedoutonaformaltertiaryeducationbecauseoflackofmoneyoropportunityinthepast.ThesystemworksverywellinBritain.Similarprogramsoperateinmanyothercountries.

Educationaltelevisionprogramsmayincludemarketing,andbusinessmanagement.Businessprogramsareverypopulararoundtheworld.Anincreasingnumberofpeopleinmanagementandmarketingarestudyingforbusinessdiplomasandchoosethetelevisiono