高考英语 阅读理解 培优练习含答案及答案.docx
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高考英语阅读理解培优练习含答案及答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Everyyearmigratory(迁徙的)batstravelfromMexicotoBrackenCave,wheretheyspendthesummerconsuminginsectsthatwouldotherwisehungrilyeatcommonfoodcrops.Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.
Inastudy,scientistsatRothamstedResearch,anagriculturallaboratoryinEngland,usedradardatafrom160U.S.weatherstationstoanalyzeactivityintheTexasbatcolonyfrom1995through2017.TheydiscoveredthecreatureswereleavingtheirwinterquartersinMexicoearlierandreproducingsooner.Theywerealsoastonishedtofindincreasingnumbersofbatsoverwintering(过冬)atBrackenCaveinsteadofheadingbacktotheircoldweatherquartersinMexico.Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.
AseparatestudyofmigratorybatsinIndiana,publishedlastyear,foundthattemperaturevariationsaffectedarrivalanddeparturetimes—likewisehintingatthepotentialinfluenceofclimatechange.JoyO'Keefe,abiologyprofessoratIndianaStateUniversityandco-authorofthatstudy,saysearlyarrivalattheirsummerhabitats(栖息地)couldexposethesebatstocoldsnaps(寒流),andtheycouldfreezetodeath.
JoyO'Keefeandhercolleaguesalsofoundthatchangingbatmigrationtimescanalsoclashwithrainfallpatterns.Manyinsectsthatbatseatbreedinseasonallakesandpuddles.Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsectstheymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans."Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,"shesays,addingthatbatsalso"controlsignificantdiseasevectors,suchasmosquitoes."
However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.Theyhavefoundadirectlinkbetweenseasonaltemperaturesandbirdmigration,butbatsarealsoinfluencedbyfactorssuchaschangesinwindspeedanddirection.Andthereareothercomplications.“Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,"Stepaniansays."Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep."
(1)ScientistsatRothamstedResearchfoundthat_________.
A. batsprefercolderweather
B. batsdelaytheirreproduction
C. warmingaffectsbatmigration D. radarcanbeusedtoobservebats
(2)JoyO'Keefediscoveredthat_________.
A. batsareusedtolivinginrainfallseasons
B. bats'earliermigrationmightharmfarming
C. insects'reproductionhelpstospreaddisease
D. insectsshortagemakesbatsreproduceearlier
(3)Whatdoesthelastparagraphwanttotellus?
A. Windspeedanddirectionaffectbats. B. Itisdifficulttoobserveandtrackbats.
C. Climatechangemakesbatsmigrateearlier. D. Furtherresearchonthecauseisnecessary.
(4)Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. Bats'habitats B. Endangeredbats C. Bats'schedule D. Bats,ourgoodfriends
【答案】
(1)C
(2)B
(3)D
(4)C
【解析】【分析】
【点评】本文是一篇说明文,作者先提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象,然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果,最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Overwinteringisasignthatwarmertemperatureschangethebats'annualrhythms,RothamstedbiologistPhillipStepaniansays.”罗斯泰德的生物学家菲利普·斯捷潘尼安说,越冬是气温升高改变蝙蝠年度节律的一个标志,可知,蝙蝠越冬的方式是一个迹象,这表明了气温上升改变了它们每年的迁徙规律。
故选C。
(2)考查细节理解。
根据第四段中的“‘Ifthebatsarrivetooearlytobenefitfromsummerrainfallandtheresultingabundanceofinsects,theymaystruggletofeedtheirpups(幼崽)orskipreproductionaltogether,O'Keefesays.ShefearsthisshiftcouldcauseMidwesternbatstodecreasetowardextinction,whichwouldbebadnewsforhumans.“Declinesinbatpopulationscouldhavesevereeffectsforcropsuccess,’shesays”奥基夫说,如果蝙蝠来得太早,无法从夏季降雨和由此产生的大量昆虫中获益,它们可能难以喂养幼崽,或者完全跳过繁殖。
她担心这种转变可能会导致中西部蝙蝠走向灭绝,这对人类来说是个坏消息。
“蝙蝠数量的减少可能对作物的成功产生严重影响,”她说,可知,蝙蝠过早地迁徙会因为缺少食物,导致喂养幼仔的困难,或者跳过繁殖期,这将导致蝙蝠数量减少,害虫增加,从而对农作物产生影响。
由此可知,乔伊·奥基夫发现,蝙蝠过早的迁徙可能会危害农业。
故选B。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“However,scientistsarenotcertainthatclimatechangealoneiscausingtheBrackenCavebatcolonytomigrateearlier.”然而,科学家们还不能确定仅仅是气候变化就导致了蕨类洞穴蝙蝠群落更早的迁徙;及“Batsaremysteriouslittleanimalsthatmovemostlyatnightandaredifficulttoobserveandtrack,”Stepaniansays.“Wehavethisconceptualpictureofwhatmightbehappening,butreallytyingittothecauseisthenextstep.”斯捷潘尼安说:
“蝙蝠是神秘的小动物,大多在夜间活动,很难观察和追踪。
”。
“我们对可能发生的事情有一个概念性的描述,但真正将其与原因联系起来还需要进一步的研究。
”可推知,对蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因还需要进一步的研究。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
作者通过第一段中的“Butthebatshavebeenshowingupfarearlierthantheydidtwodecadesago.”但是蝙蝠出现的时间比20年前要早得多)提出蝙蝠迁徙提前的这种现象,然后分析了这种现象可能导致的后果,最后分析了可能导致蝙蝠迁徙提前的原因。
由此可知,本文主要围绕蝙蝠的迁徙时间变化展开介绍分析。
由此可知选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查,是一篇科研类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
Thenegative(负面的)healtheffectsofsleepshortagesduringtheweekcan'tbechangedbymarathonweekendsleepsessions,accordingtoanewstudy.
Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation(缺乏)cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes.ButtherearestillsomepeoplewhohopethatshuttingoffthealarmonSaturdayandSundaywillrepaytheweeklysleepdebtandremoveanyilleffects.
Theresearch,publishedinCurrentBiology,ruinsthosehopes.Despitecompletefreedomtosleepinandnapduringaweekendrecoveryperiod,participantsinasleeplaboratorywhowerelimitedtofivehoursofsleeponweekdaysgainednearlythreepoundsovertwoweeksandexperiencedmetabolicdisruption(代谢紊乱)thatwouldincreasetheirriskfordiabetesoverthelongterm.Whileweekendrecoverysleephadsomebenefitsafterasingleweekofinadequatesleep,thosegainswerewipedoutwhenpeoplereturnedrighttotheirsamesleepschedulethenextMonday.
"Iftherearebenefitsofcatch-upsleep,they'regonewhenyougobacktoyourroutine.It'sveryshort-lived,"saidKennethWright,wholedtheresearch."Thesehealtheffectsarelong-term.It'skindoflikesmokingoncewas—peoplewouldsmokeandwouldn'tseeanimmediateeffectontheirhealth,butpeoplewillsaynowthatsmokingisnotahealthylifestylechoice.Ithinksleepisintheearlystageofwheresmokingusedtobe."
Wrightsaidthatthestudysuggestspeopleshouldprioritizesleep—cuttingouttheoptional"sleepstealers"suchaswatchingtelevisionshowsorspendingtimeonelectronicequipment.Evenwhenpeopledon'thaveachoiceaboutlosingsleepduetochild-careresponsibilitiesorjobschedules,theyshouldthinkaboutprioritizingsleepinthesamewaytheywouldthinkaboutahealthydietorexercise.
(1)Whathadtheresearchersalreadyknownbeforedoingthenewresearch?
A. Theactualbenefitsofweekendrecoverysleep.
B. Harmtohealthcausedbythelackofroutinesleep.
C. People'shabitofshuttingoffthealarmduringholidays.
D. Therelationshipbetweenbodyweightandsleepamount.
(2)KennethWrightmentionedsmokingto_________.
A. callonsmokerstocompletelyabandonsmoking
B. advisepeopletogotosleepwhentheywanttosmoke
C. showpeoplehaveknowntheharmbroughtbysmoking
D. showpeoplewillsomedaynoticethebadeffectsofsleepdeprivation
(3)Whatdoestheunderlinedword"prioritize"probablymean?
A.Havealowopinionofsomething.
B.Increasetheamountofsomething.
C.Cutdownsomethingthatisn'tnecessaryanymore.
D.Treatsomethingasbeingmoreimportantthanothers.
(4)Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?
A.WeekendCatch-upSleepIsaLie
B.BadSleepHabitsAreHarmfultoHealth
C.ANewStudyHasanUnexpectedDiscovery
D.AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofCatch-upSleep
【答案】
(1)B
(2)D
(3)D
(4)A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,作者通过一项研究与对比举例的方法让大家明白周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。
人们应该把睡眠放在优先地位。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“Researchershavelongknownthatroutinesleepdeprivation(缺乏)cancauseweightgainandincreaseotherhealthrisks,includingdiabetes”研究人员很早就知道长期的睡眠缺乏会导致体重增加和像糖尿病这样的健康风险,可知,人们很早就知道长期睡眠不足会给身体带来的危害。
故选B。
(2)考查推理判断。
根据第四段中KennethWright说的最后两句话可知:
长期睡眠不足给健康造成的危害是长期的,就像曾经的抽烟习惯一样——人们抽烟,没有看到立即的效应,但是现在人们会说抽烟是不健康的生活方式。
睡眠不足就像是早期的抽烟一样。
也就是说作者用这个比喻是想让大家知道终究会有一天人们会注意到睡眠不足带来的坏处。
故选D。
(3)考查词义猜测。
划线单词后有一个破折后,起解释说明的作用。
由破折后的句意:
减少不必要的“睡眠小偷”式行为,比如看电视节目或者花时间在电子设备上。
可知,我们需要把睡眠放在优先的地位。
也就是说要把睡眠看的比看电视节目、看电子设备等等这些行为更重要。
故选D。
(4)考查主旨大意。
第一段就说明了文章中心。
第一段段意为:
一项发人深省的新研究表明,周末马拉松式的“补觉”并不能扭转工作日睡眠不足对健康的负面影响。
也就是说周末的补觉是一个谎言。
故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇健康类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
Mars(火星)appearstobeflowingwithsmallstreamsofsaltywater,atleastinthesummer,scientistsreportedMonday."ItsuggeststhatitwouldbepossiblefortheretobelifetodayonMars,"NASA'ssciencemissionchief,JohnGrunsfeld,saidatanewsconferenceonSeptember28,2015.
Thestreamsareabout12to15feetwideand300feetormorelong,scientistssaid."Whatwe'redealingwithiswetsoil,thinlayersofwetsoil,notstandingwater,"saidAifredMcEwenoftheUniversityofArizonaatTueson,theprincipalscientistfortheMarsReconnaissanceOrbiter'shigh-resolutionimagingexperiment.
Becauseliquidwaterisessentialtolife,thefindingscouldhavemajorimplicationsforthepossibilityofMartianlife.Theresearcherssaidfurtherexplorationisneededtodeterminewhethermicroscopiclifeexistsontheplanet.
ThepresenceofliquidwatercouldalsomakelifeeasierforastronautsvisitingorlivingonMars.Watercouldbeusedfordrinkingandforcreatingoxyg