职称英语概括大意与完成句子.docx

职称英语概括大意与完成句子.docx

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职称英语概括大意与完成句子

第一篇TheMakingofaSuccessStory

第二篇　ThePaperChase

第三篇EnglishandEnglishCommunity

第四篇　Alaska

第五篇　USSignsGlobalTobaccoTreaty

第六篇　HowWeFormFirstImpression

第七篇HowtoArguewithYourBoss

第八篇　ScreenTest

第九篇　TransportandTrade

第十篇　WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

第十一篇　IsThereaWaytoKeeptheBritain'sEconomyGrowing

　第十二篇　Intelligence:

aChangedView

第十三篇　WardoffTravelBugs

第十四篇HeartbeatofAmerica

第十五篇　SmokeGetsinYourMind

第一篇　TheMakingofaSuccessStory

　　1IKEAistheworld'slargestfurnitureretailer,andmanbehinditisIngvarKamprad,oneoftheworld'smostsuccessfulentrepreneurs.BorninSwedenin1926,Kampradwasanaturalbusinessman.Asachild,heenjoyedsellingthingsandmadesmallprofitsfromsellingmatches,seeds,andpencilsinhiscommunity.WhenKampradwas17,hisfathergavehimsomemoneyasarewardforhisgoodgrades.Naturallyheusedittostartupabusiness-IKEA.

　　2IKEA'snamecomesfromKamprad'sinitials（I.K.）andtheplacewherehegrewup（`E`and`A`）.TodayIKEAisknownforitsmodern,minimalistfurniture,butitwasnotafurniturecompanyinthebeginning.Rather,IKEAsoldallkindofmiscellaneousgoods,Kamprad'swareincludedanythingthathecouldsellforprofitsatdiscountedprices,includingwatches,pensandstockings.

　　3IKEAfirstbegantosellfurniturethroughamail-ordercataloguein1947.ThefurniturewasalldesignedandmadebymanufacturersnearKamprad'shome.Initialsaleswereveryencouraging,soKampradexpandedtheproductline.FurniturewassuchasuccessfulaspectofthebusinessthatIKEAbecamesolelyafurniturecompanyin1951.

　　4In1953IKEAopenditsfirstshowroominAlmhult,Sweden.IKEAisknowntodayforitsspaciousstoreswithfurnitureinattractivesettings,butintheearly1950s,peopleorderedfromcatalogues,Thusresponsetothefirstshowroomwasoverwhelming:

peoplelovedbeingabletoseeandtrythefurniturebeforebuyingit.Thisledtoincreasedsalesandthecompanycontinuedtothrive.By1955,IKEAwasdesigningallitsownfurniture.

　　5In1956Kampradsawamandisassemblingatabletomakeiteasiertotransport.Kampradwasinspired.Themanhadgivenhimagreatidea:

flatpackaging.FlatpackagingwouldmeanlowershippingcostsforIKEAandlowerpricesforcustomers.IKEAtrieditandsalessoared.Theproblemwasthatpeoplehadtoassemblefurniturethemselves,butovertime,evemthisgrewintoanadvantageforIKEA.Nowadays,IKEAisoftenseenashavingconnotationsofself-sufficiency.Thisimagehasdonewondersforthecompany,leadingtobettersalesandcontinuedexpansion.

　　6Todaythereareover200storesin32countries.Amazingly,IngvarKampradhasmanagedtokeepIKEAaprivately-helpcompany.In2004hewasnamedtheworld'srichestman,HecurrentlylivesinSwitzerlandandisretiedfromtheday-to-dayoperationsofIKEA.IKEAitself,though,justkeepsongrowing.

1Paragraph2.TheoriginofIKEA

2Paragraph3Specializationinsellingfurniture

3Paragraph4Successbroughtbytheintroductionofshowrooms

4Paragraph5Flatpackaging–afeatureofIKEA

5Evenwhenhewasonlyachild,IngvarKampradshowedinterestinandtalentfordoingbusiness

　　6IKEAbeganasasmallstoresellingallkindsofcheapthings.andyearslaterbecameabigcompanyspecializedinmanufacturingandsellingoffurniture.

　　7CustomerslikedtheideaofIKEA’sshowroomsbecauseheretheycanseeandtrythefurnituretheyaregoingtobuy.

　　8AsflatpackagingsavesmoneyforbothIKEAandthecustomers,itishighlywelcomedbyboth

　第二篇　ThePaperChase

　　1."Runningahouseislotlikerunningabusiness."saysStephanieDenton,aprofessionalorganizerbasedinCincinnati,Ohio,whospecializesinbothresidentialandcommercialpaperworkandrecordkeeping.Togetasuccessfulgriponorganizingdocuments,bills,andothermaterials,Dentonsuggeststhefollowingtips:

　　2.Createaspaceinwhichyoucanalwaysdoyourpaperwork.Thisisperhapsthemostimportantelementofasuccessfulsystem.Ifyoucan'tdevoteanentiredesktothetask,atleastinvestinarollingfilecarttostoreactivepaperworkandatwo-drawerfilecabinetforfamilyrecords.Storetherollingfilecartwhereveritismostconvenientandcomfortabletodoyourwork.whetherthatisthekitchen,office,orfamilyroom.

　　3.Whenindoubt,throwitout,thefirststeptoimplementingaworkablefillingsystemistoeliminatepaperyoudon'tuse,don'tneed,orthatyoucouldeasilyaccessagainelsewhere.Throwoutduplicatestatements,oldcatalogs,andallofthecoupons,mailings,orofferingsyou'llneverhaveanopportunitytouseorevenread.

　　4.Setasidetwodaysamonthtopaybills,ifamonthlyduedatedoesn'tfitintoyourcycle,callupthecreditorandsuggestamoreconvenientdate,keeptwomanilafoldersatthefrontofyoursystemforcurrentbills—onetocorrespondwitheachbill-payingday—andfileallincomingbills.Keepalistinthefrontofeachfolderofwhatneedstobepaidincasetheinvoiceneverarrivesorgetsmisplaces.

　　5.Thinkofyourfillingsystemnotasarigidtool,butasaliving,breathingsystemthatcanaccommodateyourchangingneeds.Agoodfillingsystemisbothmentallyandphysicallyflexible,everyone'sneedsaredifferent,saysDenton,butwhendevisingafillingsystem,askyourself:

"WherewouldIlookforthis?

"Createmainheadingsforyourfillingsystem,suchasinvestments,Taxes,Children,andsoforth,andfileindividualfoldersunderthemainheadings.Neveroverstuffyourfiles.

1Paragraph2FindaPlacetoWorkon

2Paragraph3GetRidofUnimportantThings

3Paragraph4DealingWithBills

4Paragraph5WhatIsaGoodFilingSystem

5StephanieDentonisexpertinpaperchase

6Youcanputyourfilecartanywhereyoulike,onconditionthatitiseasilyreached

7Couponsshouldbethrownawaybecausetheyareuseless

8"Mentallyflexible"indicatesthefacthatdifferentpeoplehavedifferentrequirements

第三篇EnglishandEnglishCommunity

　　1Thereisnodenyingthat1Englishisausefullanguage.ThepeoplewhospeakEnglishtodaymakeupthelargestspeechcommunityintheworldwiththeexceptionofspeakersofChinese.OriginallytheyweresmalltribesofpeoplefromnorthernEuropewhosettledinEngland.Theirlanguagesbecamemoreandmoresimilartoeachother.Finally,thelanguagehadenoughuniformity2tobeusedbyallspeakersinEngland.Thepeoplewereunitedintoaspeechcommunitythroughtheirsharedlanguage.

　　2Aspeechcommunityissimilartootherkindsofcommunities.Thepeoplewhomakeuptheconimunityshareacommonlanguage.Oftentheylivesidebyside,astheydoinaneighborhood,avillage,oracity.Moreoftentheyformawholecountry.Nationalboundaries,however,arenotalwaysthesameastheboundariesofaspeechcommunity.Aspeechcommunityisanygroupofpeoplewhospeakthesamelanguagenomatterwheretheyhappentolive.

　　3WemaysaythatanyonewhospeaksEnglishbelongstotheEnglishspeechcommunity.Forconvenience3,wemayclassifythespeakersintotwogroups:

oneinwhichthespeakersuseEnglishastheirnativelanguage,theotherinwhichthespeakerslearnEnglishasasecondlanguageforthepurposeofeducation,commerce,andsoon.

　　4Englishservesasanalternativelanguageinseveralareasofpublicactivityforthemanynationsoftheworldwhichemployitasaninternationalsecondlanguage.4Englishhasbeenadoptedasthelanguageofairtraffic,commerce,aswellasinternationaldiplomacy.Moreover,EnglishisthelanguageofthemajorityofpublishedmaterialsintheworldsothateducationhascometorelyheavilyonanunderstandingofEnglish.

　　5Learningasecondlanguageextendsone'svisionandexpandsthemind.Thehistoryandliteratureofasecondlanguagerecordtherealandfictionallivesofpeopleandtheirculture;5aknowledgeofthemaddstoourabilitytounderstandandtofeelastheyfeel.LearningEnglishasasecondlanguageprovidesanothermeansofcommunicationthroughwhichthewindowoftheentireEnglishspeechcommunitybecomesapartofourheritage.

1Paragraph2TheDefinitionofaSpeechCommunity

2Paragraph3TheCompositionoftheEnglishCommunity

3Paragraph4TheWideUseofEnglish

4Paragraph5TheAdvantagesofLearningaSecondLanguage

5.Onlythroughthesharedlanguagecanaspeechcommunitybeformed

6Theideaofthenationalboundariesisoftendifferentfromthatofaspeechcommunity

7Speakersareclassifiedintotwogroupsforthesakeofsimplicity

8.AnunderstandingofEnglishhasplayedanimportantroleinthefieldofeducation

　第四篇　Alaska

　1　In1858AmericanswelcomedAlaskaintotheUnionasthe49thstate，symbolizingachangeofattitudethatholdin1867，whenthepeninsulawaspurchasedfromRussia.Then，mostAmericanshadlittleinterestin1，500，000squarekilometers“oficebergsandpolarbear”-beyondCanadaswesternborders，farfromthesettledareasoftheUnitedStates.

　2　InthosesectionsofthestatewhichlieabovetheArcticCircle，Alaskastillisalandoficebergsandpolarbear.Iceburiedintheearth，whichispermanentlyfrozentoadepthof90ormoremeters，FromearlyMayuntilearlyAugust，themidnightsunneversetsonthisflat，treelessregion，butthesuncannotmelttheicysoilmorethantwo-thirdsofameterdown.

3AlaskaisAmericaslargeststate，butonlyabout325，000peoplelivethere.Accordingtoestimates，800，000hectaresofitslandareaarefitforplowingbutonlyabout640，000hectaresarebeingcultivated.

　4　ArcticAlaskahasbeenthehomeofEskimosforcountlesscenturies.ItisbelievedthattheE