Unit 13 教学参考.docx
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Unit13教学参考
Audio-visual-oralEnglishCourseofContemporaryMedicine当代医学英语视听说教程
Unit13
CombatingPain
SectionAPre-audio-visualTasks
Task1GlossaryPreview
Getfamiliarwiththewordsandexpressionslistedbelow,andthenmatchthemeaningdescriptionorsynonymwithaproperwordorexpressioninthelist.
breakthroughpain
administerv.
painkillern.
narcoticdrugs
easev.
addictiveadj.
throbbingadj.
migrainen.
atmosphericadj.
episodicadj.
serotoninn.
chargen.
productivityn.
outlinev.
primarycaredoctor
implementv.
inplace
conservativeadj.
O.R.
headfor
incisionn.
abdomenn.
spinen.
spinaladj.
debilitatingadj.
slewn.
vertebran.
slidev.
collapsev.
realignv.
stabilizev.
radiatev.
anklen.
diskn.
crushingadj.
sciaticnerve
infra-redadj.
insertv.
screwn.
穿透性疼痛
给药，用药
止痛药
麻醉药，镇定剂
减轻，缓解，解除痛苦
使成瘾的，上瘾的
抽痛的，抽动的
偏头痛
大气的，大气引起的
偶发的，插曲般的
5-羟色胺，血清素
收费，费用
生产率
概述
初级保健医生
实施，执行
准备就绪，
保守的
手术室
朝……去，走向
切口，切开
腹部，下腹
脊柱，脊椎
脊柱的
使虚弱的，使衰弱的
许多，大量
椎骨
滑落，打滑，衰弱
倒塌，崩溃
重新排列
使稳定，使固定
向周围扩展，辐射
踝，踝关节
椎间盘
压碎的，支离破碎的
坐骨神经
红外线的
插入，嵌入
螺丝钉
1.thepartofthebodyofavertebratecontainingthedigestiveandreproductiveorgans;thebelly
2.thelineofbonesdownthecentreofthebackthatprovidessupportforthebodyandprotectsthespinalcord
3.thejointbetweenthefootandtheleg,orthethinpartofthelegjustabovethefoot
4.medicineusedtoreduceorremovephysicalpain
5.tofalldownsuddenlybecauseofpressureorhavingnostrengthorsupport
6.tomakestable,tobecomestable
7.makingsomeoneveryweakandinfirm
8.causingorlikelytocausesomeonetobecomeaddictedtoit
9.toputsomethinginsidesomethingelse,ortoaddsomethingtosomethingelse
10.oneofthesmallbonesthatformthespine
11.todispenseorapplyaremedyordrug
12.arecurrentthrobbingheadachethattypicallyaffectsonesideoftheheadandisoftenaccompaniedbynauseaanddisturbedvision
13.acutmadewithaknifeduringasurgicaloperation
14.toputaplanorsystemintooperation
15.todrawthemainshapeoredgeofsomething
16.tomakeorbecomelesssevere,difficult,unpleasant,painful
17.apriceaskedforgoodsorservices
18.disposedtopreserveexistingconditions,institutions,etc.,ortorestoretraditionalones,andtolimitchange
19.toemitrays,asoflightorheat
20.alargenumberofquantity
abdomen
spine
ankle
painkiller
collapse
stabilize
debilitating
addictive
insert
vertebra
administer
migraine
incision
implement
outline
ease
charge
conservative
radiate
slew
Task2Pair-workDiscussion
Ponderoverthefollowingquestionsanddiscussbrieflyeachofthemwithyourdeskmates.
1.Whatkindofpainhaveyoueversuffered?
Toothache,headache,stomachpainorbackpain?
2.Whatispain?
Whatroledoespainplayinourlifeprocess?
3.Whataredifferencesbetweenacutepainandchronicpain?
4.Howdoespaininterferewithaperson’slifequality?
5.Whataresomeapproachestopainmanagement?
SectionBAudio-visualTasks
Task3SpotDictation
Listentoapassagethreetimesandwhilelistening,youaretoputthemissingwordineachnumberedblankaccordingtowhatyouhear.
Doctorsspeakofthreekindsofpain:
acute,chronicandbreakthrough.Acuteandchronicpaincanbe
（1）orsevere.Acutepainhappensfastandusuallylastsashorttime.Itgenerally
（2）totreatment.
Butchronicpaincanlastalongtime.Chronicpainmaygoaway,butitoftencomesback.Itcanbehardto（3）.
Breakthroughpainisapainthat（4）suddenly.Itmayendjustassuddenly.Anactivitycancausebreakthroughpain.Italsomayhappenasthe（5）ofaperson’slastmedicineareending.
Manydifferentdiseases,conditionsand（6）cancausechronicpain,frombackproblemsto（7）.Cancerisoneofthosecauses,whetherfromthediseaseitselforfromitstreatment.
Researchpublishedmainlyin1973hadfound（8）onthesurfacesofnervecellsinthebrain.Thefindingsmadeitpossibletobetterstudypaindrugsandlearnhowthey（9）thebody.
Todaymanydoctorsorderpainmedicinesfordyingpatientstobegivenbeforesufferingtakeshold.Andmoremethodsof（10）themedicinesarenowavailable.Oneisapumpthatletspatientsgivethemselvespain（11）asneeded.Theycannotharmthemselvesbecausetheamountof（12）inthepumpiscarefullymeasuredandlimited.
Manydoctorsprescribenarcoticdrugsforpatientswith（13）,severepain.Suchdrugsmayeasesuffering.Buttheycanalsobe（14）.Theusermayneedincreasingamountstogetthesameeffect.
Task4Note-taking
Listentoapassage“ChronicHeadaches”twice.Whilelistening,youaretotakenotesaccordingtothecuesgivenbelow.
1.ThenumberofAmericanswhosufferchronicheadaches:
2.Somepeopledescribeheadachesas:
3.Threefactorsthatstarttensionheadaches:
4.Durationofatensionheadache:
5.Whatyoudoifyourpainistoosevere:
Task5SentenceDictation
Listentoeachsentence,repeatitaloud,listentoitagain,andthenwritedownthewholesentenceonthespaceprovided.Youwilllistentoeachsentenceforathirdtimetohaveacheck.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Task6RecognizingDetails
Watchavideoclip“PainPrevention”twiceanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsbelowisTRUE（T）orFALSE（F）.
_F_
_T_
_F_
_T_
_F_
_T_
_F_
1.Morethan15,000,000adultAmericansexperiencesometypeofpain.
2.ThephysicalpaincoststheU.S.from$560to635billiondollarseveryyear.
3.Thecostcomesfromdirectmedicalexpensesinpainmanagement.
4.Federalgovernmentshouldplayaroleinthepreventionandtreatmentofpain.
5.Primarycaredoctorsareunabletoprovidepersonalizedpainmanagement.
6.Changesareneededtoimprovepainmanagementtrainingforhealthprofessionals.
7.Someoftherecommendationsareimpracticalandcannotbeimplemented.
Task7OverallComprehension
Watchavideoclip“ANewSurgicalProcedureforBackPain”twiceandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthequestionsbelow.
1.Mostcasesofbackpainareresolvedwith_______.
A）conservativetreatments
B）anewsurgicalprocedure
C）muchslowerrecoverytimes
D）hospitalizationforafewdays
2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofJennifer?
A）shehadanincisioninherabdomenforspinalsurgery.
B）Shehastwosurgicalproceduresintwodays.
C）Shehopesherlifecanmoveonwithspinalsurgery.
D）Shehassufferedbackpainfor46years.
3.Thenumberofspinalsurgeryisincreasingmainlybecause______.
A）Americanscannotbeardebilitatingbackpain
B）newsurgicaltechniquesspeeduprecoverytime
C）moreAmericanssufferfromseverenervepain
D）backpainkeepsmoreAmericansfromworking
4.ThesurgeryonJenniferinvolvesallofthefollowingEXCEPT_______.
A）relievingpressureonthenerves
B）realigninghervertebrae
C）removingl-4vertebrae
D）stabilizingthespine
5.WhywasTomCostello’slowerbackpainturningintoseverepain?
A）Hisdiskcollapsedandcrushedthesciaticnerve.
B）Hislowerbackpainradiateddownhisrightleg.
C）Hisrightkneeandanklewereseverelyinjured.
D）Hissittingandsleepingcrushedthesciaticnerve.
KeytoTask7
SectionCFollow-upOralTasks
Task8Listening&Interpretation
ListentothefivesentencestwiceandinterpreteachintoChinese.
1.Doctorsspeakofthreekindsofpain:
acute,chronicandbreakthrough.Acuteandchronicpaincanbemildorsevere.Acutepainhappensfastandusuallylastsashorttime.
2.Somepeopledescribethepainasthrobbing,causingpressureinthehead.Otherscompareittosomeonedrivingasharpobjectintothehead.
3.Thepainmaycomeveryearlyintheday.Othersignscanincludepainintheneckorthelowerpartofthehead.Scientistsarenotsurewhatcausestensionheadaches.
4.Manydifferentdiseases,conditionsandinjuriescancausechronicpain,frombackproblemstoburns.Cancerisoneofthosecauses,whetherfromthediseaseitselforfromitstreatment.
5.Todaymanydoctorsorderpainmedicinesfordyingpatientstobegivenbeforesufferingtakeshold.Andmoremethodsofadministeringthemedicinesarenowavailable.
医生谈到的疼痛有急性、慢性和穿透性三种。
急性和慢性疼痛可以是轻度或重度的。
急性疼痛发生快，持续时间短。
有人把疼痛描述是抽动性的，造成头部的压力。
有人把它比作一个人用利器推入头部。
疼痛可能在一天很早就出现。
其他症状包括颈部或头下方疼痛。
科学家不能确定是什么导致紧张性头痛。
从背部问题到烧伤的许多不同的疾病、情况和损伤，可引起慢性疼痛。
癌症无论是疾病本身或其治疗，是其中的一个原因。
今天，许多医生对临终病人在疼痛开始前就用抗疼痛药物。
现在已有更多的给药方法可用。
Task9Dialogue&Conversation
Makedialoguesandconversations,usingtheChinesebelowascues.
A：
你有过疼痛的经历吗？
你对疼痛有所了解吗？
B：
像很多人一样，我有过不少疼痛的经历，如胃痛，头痛，牙痛或腰痛等。
简单地说，疼痛是一种因受伤或疾病引起的身体上十分不愉快的感觉。
A：
疼痛不仅给患者个人造成痛苦，还伤及到整个社会。
据美国医学研究所一份报告，疼痛每年对美国造成的损失在5500亿美元以上。
B：
这些损失不仅来自直接的医疗费用，还包括丧失工资和生产效率。
A：
在中国，疼痛是人们去看医生的最常见原因之一。
它是许多病情的主要症状，会大大影响一个人身体的一般功能和生活质量。
B：
所以，了解疼痛、预防疼痛和抗疼痛对促进公众健康，提升生活质量有着重大的意义。
A:
你认为在预防疼痛方面，可以做些什么呢？
B:
无论是普通百姓还是医学专业人员，都需对疼痛有更好的认识。
医学专业机构更应对疼痛的类型、成因、作用等做系统的研究。
A:
对疼痛机理的研究有了哪些上临床的应用呢？
B:
已经有了很多应用，包括新型镇痛药物，植入泵给药，皮肤药贴、针灸镇痛，手术治疗等。
所有这些临床应用的最终目的，是通过个性化治疗，来提高疼痛患者的生活质量。
Haveyouhadanyexperiencesofpain?
Whatdoyouunderstandastopain?
Likemanyothers,Ihavehadalotofexperiencesofpain,suchasstomachache,headache,toothache,lowerbackpain,etc..Toputitsimply,painisahighlyunpleasantphysicalsensationcausedbyillnessorinjury.
Paindoesnotjusthurtindividuals,buttheentiresocietyaswell.AccordingtoareportbytheInstituteofMedicine,paincoststheU.S.over$550billiondollarseveryyear.
Suchacostdoesnotjustcomefromdirectmedicalexpenses,italsoincludesthelossofwagesandproductivity.
Painisoneofthemostcommonre
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