主谓一致的常见规则.docx

主谓一致的常见规则.docx

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主谓一致的常见规则

主谓一致的常见规则

（一）主谓一致三原则

１.　语法一致原则：

主语和谓语必须在人称和数的变化上保持一致，即主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式．

E.g.Sueisstudyingataveryfamousuniversity.

TomandJackaretwins.

2.意义一致原则：

谓语的单复数不是由主语的单复数形式决定的，而是以主语的意义为准，如people,police,cattle等形单意复的单词和news,politics,physics,maths等形复意单的单词．

E.g.Thepoliceprotectthepeoplefrombeingattacked.

Hesaysthatpoliticsistheartofclassstruggle.

Badnewstravelsquickly.

3.就近一致原则：

句子有多个并列主语，如连词or,either…or…,neither…nor…,notonly…butalso…,not…but…等连接的并列主语，谓语的单复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语．

E.g.Eithertheplayersorthecoachisresponsibleforthedefeat.

NotonlyyoubutalsoIamplanningtogocamping.

Neitheryounorheiswrong./Neitherhenoryouarewrong.

（二）主谓一致常见规则

1.由family,team,class,committee,crowd,enemy,group,public,party等集体名词作主语时，如果作一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调其成员，谓语动词用复数形式．

E.g.Hisfamilyisabigone.

Hisfamilyareallfondoffootball.

2.people,police,cattle等集体名词，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数．

E.g.Manypeoplehavecomealready.

Thecattlearegrazinginthefield.

3.sheep,deer,fish,works（工厂）,means（方法）等单、复数同形的名词作主语时谓语动词应根据意义来决定单、复数形式。

E.g.Asheepiseatinggrassunderthetree.

Aflockofsheeparegrazingnow.

4.thebarber’s,theSmiths’,theteacher’s等名词所有格之后的名词被省略，一般表示商店、住宅等，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。

E.g.Myaunt’sisonthesecondfloor.

Thedoctor’sisatthecornerofthestreet.

5.表示时间、距离、度量、金钱等名词作主语时，常常根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。

E.g.Threemilesseemslikealongwalktome.

Twentyyearsinprisonwasthepenaltyhehadtopay.

6.each,every,no等不定代词所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多个主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

第二个each/every有时可省略。

E.g.Noteacherandnostudentwasabsentfromthemeeting.

Eachmanand（each）womanisaskedtohelp.

Everyflowerandeverybushistobecutdown.

7.若主语中有morethanone或manya，尽管从意义上看表示复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。

E.g.Manyamanhasgivenhislifeforthecauseofrevolution.

Morethanoneproblemhasbeensolved.

[注]　“more＋复数名词＋thanone”当主语时，谓语用复数形式。

E.g.Morepersonsthanonecometohelpus.

Morebooksthanonewereboughtlastweek.

8.shoes,trousers,glasses,gloves等表示成双成对的名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式；如果这些名词前有apairof，谓语动词一般用单数形式。

E.g.Myshoesarewornout.

Apairofglassesisonthedesk.

9.主语中有all,half（一半），most（多数，大部分），alotof,lotsof,plentyof,therest（余下的）,theremainder（剩余的）等以及“分数或百分数+名词”用于主语时，其单、复数取决于连用的名词，名词为单数时，谓语也用单数；名词用复数时，谓语也用复数。

E.g.Halfofthestudentsareboys.

Therestofthebicyclesareonsaletoday.

MostofthestudentsarefromNanjing.

Three-quartersofthecitywasdestroyedinthewar.

Two-thirdsofthepeoplepresentareagainsttheplan.

Itissaidthat35percentofthedoctorsarewomen.

10.and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但并列主语如果指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。

E.g.Baseballandswimmingareusuallysummersports.

Yourfriendandadviserhasagreedtolendmehismoney.

[注]并列主语指经常联系在一起的东西，表示一个概念时，动词用单数。

E.g.Whiskyandsodaisalwaysmyfavoritedrink.

Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.

11.当主语后面有aswellas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,ratherthan（不是…而是…）等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数按主语的单、复数决定。

E.g.Someoftheworkers,aswellasthemanager,wereworkingduringtheholidays.

Jean,ratherthanherroommates,istoblame.

Nooneexcepttwoservantswaslateforthedinner.

12.表示数量的oneandahalf后跟复数形式的名词，但是当它作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。

E.g.Onlyoneandahalfapplesisleftontheplate.

[注]“oneortwo+复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。

E.g.Oneortwoplaceshavebeenvisited.

13.“the+形容词/过去分词或动词的ing形式”结构表示一类人或事物，作主语，谓语通常用复数。

E.g.Thesickhavebeencuredandthelosthavebeenfound.

Thewoundedwerewelllookedafterinthehospital.

14.what引导主语从句时，主句谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，主句的谓语动词一般用复数形式。

E.g.Whatweneedismorehelp.

Whattheywantarepromises.（表语promises是复数，故用are.）

15.以数词为中心词构成主语时，如把数目看为一个整体时，谓语用单数。

E.g.Fifteenminusfiveleavesten.

Eighteenplusfiveistwenty-three.

Fivetimeseightisforty.

Fifteendividedbythreeisfive.

16.“one+in/outof/of+名词”作主语时，谓语用单数形式。

E.g.Onein/of/outoftwentywasbadlydamaged.

17.“oneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此定语从句中的动词应为复数。

E.g.Maryisoneofthosepeoplewhokeeppets.

Thisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthathavebeenasked.

[注]“theonlyoneof+复数名词+who/that/which”引导的定语从句中，关系代词的先行词为one，谓语用单数。

E.g.Sarahwastheonlyoneoftheyoungestgirlswhoplaysintheband.

18.none作主语时，若none指不可数名词，谓语用单数；none指可数名词时，谓语用复数。

E.g.Noneofthewaterisleft.

Nonehas/haveturnedupyet.（用has时，强调一个也没来；用have时，指本该很多人来，但都没有来。

）

19.there引导的存在句的动词的形式和靠近的名词保持一致。

E.g.Thereweresomedaisiesandaredroseinthevase.

Therewerenotonlyhischildrenbutalsohiswifetoconsider.

Thereisfoodanddrinkenoughforeveryone.

Thereisadictionaryandsomeotherbooksonthetable.

20.Chinese,Japanese,English,French等当主语表示语言时，动词用单数；表示某国人时，动词用复数，这时与冠词the连用。

E.g.Chineseisdifficulttolearn.

TheChineseareveryhard-working.

21.单个的动词的ing形式或不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

E.g.Tolistentomusicismygreatestpleasure.

Takingcareofthesickisherjob.

[注]若两个及以上动词的ing形式或不定式作并列主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。

E.g.Whentohavethemeetingandwhotoholdthemeetingarenotdecidedyet.

Goingcampingandrocketclimbingareherfavoritesports.

单项选择

1.NobodybutJane_____thestreet.

A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.isknown

2.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______sea.

A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen

3.Allbutone_____herejustnow.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were

4.HisSelectedPoems_____firstpublishedin1965.

A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were

5.Whenandwheretobuildthefactory______yet.

A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotdecidedD.havenotdecided

6.Aforkandknife______onthetable.

A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen

7.Where_____dirt,thereareflies.

A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen

8.Eachsoldierandeachsailor_____arifle.

A.aregivenB.wasgivenC.beinggivenD.weregiven

9.Myclothes_____madetoorder.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

10.Theold_____takengoodcareofinourcountry.

A.isB.hasC.areD.have

11.Lightandheat_____oftensentouttogetherwithheavysmoke.

A.isB.wasC.areD.being

12.There_____aneedleandthread.Youcandothesewingandmendingyourself.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

13.Halfofthefruit______gonebad.

A.isB.areC.hasD.have

14.E-mail,aswellastelephone,______animportantpartindailycommunication.

A.isplayingB.haveplayedC.areplayingD.play

15.Nochairandnodesk_____permittedtobetakenawayfromthereadingroom.

A.areB.wereC.isD.has

16.Theironandsteelindustry_______animportantpartinournationaleconomy.

A.playsB.playC.areplayingD.haveplayed

17.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,_____forhavingbrokentherule.

A.waspunishedB.punishedC.werepunishedD.beingpunished

18.Twentydays______alongtimetothem.

A,seemB.seemsC.looksD.look

19.Manyaman_____cometohelpus.

A.haveB.hasC.isD.are

20.Therich______notalwayshappy.

A.areB.isc.hasD.have

Answers:

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6-10AABBC

11-15CCCAC

16-20AABBA