最新英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版.docx
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最新英国文学简史期末考试复习要点刘炳善版
英国文学史资料BritishWritersandWorks
.OldEnglishLiterature&TheLateMedievalAges
贝奥武夫:
thenationalepicoftheAnglo-Saxons
Epic:
longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.
e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdyssey
Artisticfeatures:
1.Usingalliteration
Definitionofalliteration:
arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound(头韵)
SomeexamplesonP5
2.Usingmetaphorandunderstatement
Definitionofunderstatement:
expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideas
GeofferyChaucer杰弗里•乔叟1340(?
)~1400
(首创“双韵体”,英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。
约翰·德莱顿(JohnDryden)称其为“英国诗歌之父”。
代表作《坎特伯雷故事集》。
)
ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.
Itis____alonewho,forthefirsttimeinEnglishliterature,presentedtousacomprehensive(综合的,广泛的)realisticpictureoftheEnglishsocietyofhistimeandcreatedawholegalleryofvividcharactersfromallwalksoflife.(A)
A.GeoffreyChaucerB.MatinLutherC.WilliamLanglandD.JohnGower
writingstyle:
wisdom,humor,humanity.
坎特伯雷故事集:
firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish
特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德
③声誉之宫
MedievalAges’popularLiteraryform:
Romance(传奇故事)
Famousthree:
KingArthur
SirGawainandtheGreenKnight
Beowulf
TheRenaissancePeriod
Aperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.
Renaissance:
theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.
Twofeatures
1.athirstingcuriosityfortheclasicalliterature
2.thekeeninterstintheactivitiesofhumanity.
TheRenaissancemarksatransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.TheRenaissanceisahistoricalperiodinwhichtheEuropeanhumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattempts:
(1)togetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,
(2)tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,
(3)torecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRomanCatholicChurch.
ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:
1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology
2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion
3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekculture
Themostfamousdramatists:
ChristopherMarlowe
WilliamShakespeare
BenJohnson.
EnglishRenaissance:
theearly16thcenturytotheearly17thcentury.
1.EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599
(后人称之为“诗人的诗人”。
)Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey
12.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisnotthereasonforthatEdmundSpenserisfamousfor“thepoet’spoet”?
(B)
A.Spenser’sidealismB.hisstruggleforcriteria
C.hisloveofbeautyD.hisexquisitemelody
仙后(forQueenElizabeth)
Thethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfullloves”.
Artisticfeatures:
1.UsingSpenserianStanza
DefinitionofSpenserianStanza:
astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.
牧人日历
ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.
③爱情小唱
2. ThomasMore托马斯•莫尔1478~1535
OneofthegreatestEnglishhumanists
乌托邦
3. FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626
(哲学家、散文家;在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断;近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。
)
Philosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.
Writingstyle:
brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.
学术的推进
随笔(famousquotas:
)
ThethemeofOfStudies:
usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.
4. BenJonson
狐狸
5.ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595
“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama(完善了无韵体诗。
)
Blankverse:
writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.
14.Marlowegavenewvigorto____withhis“mightylines”(D)
A.thePetrarchansonnetB.sestina
C.terzarimaD.blankverse
浮士德博士的悲剧(根据德国民间故事书写成)
帖木耳大帝
③马耳他的犹太人
6. WilliamShakespeare威廉•莎士比亚1564~1616
Historicalplays:
HenryVI;HenryIV:
RichardIII;HenryV;RichardII;HenryVIII
FourComedies:
皆大欢喜;第十二夜;仲夏夜之梦;威尼斯商人
③FourTragedies:
哈姆莱特;奥赛罗;李尔王;麦克白
④ShakespeareSonnet:
154
Threequatrainandonecouplet,ababcdcdefefgg
Asonnetisalyricconsistingof14lines,usuallyiniambicpentameterrestrictedtoadefinitionrhymescheme.
The17thCentury
1.JohnMilton约翰•弥尔顿1608~1674
(诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》。
)
Epics:
失乐园
复乐园
Dramaticpoem:
< SamsonAgonistes>力士参孙
论出版自由
为英国人民声辩
④我的失明
Thissonnetiswritteniniambicpentameterrhymedinabbaabbacdecde,typicalofItaliansonnet.
ItsthemeisthatpeopleusetheirtalentforGod,andtheyservehimbestshocanendurethesufferingbest.
2. JohnBunyan约翰•班扬1628~1688
(代表作《天路历程》,宗教寓言,被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”,是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。
与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。
)
Puritanpoet(清教徒派诗人)
ReligionaryAllegory:
天路历程
3.JohnDonne
theMetaphysicalpoet(玄学派诗人).
MetaphysicalPoetry(玄学诗):
(用语)thedictionissimple,theimageryisfromtheactual,(形式)theformisfrequentlyanargumentwiththepoet’sbeloved,withgod,orwithhimself.(主题:
love,religious,thought)
Artisticfeatures:
1.conceitsorimagery奇思妙喻
2.syllogism三段论
Meditations沉思录
TheFlea虱子
SongsAndSonnets
HolySonnets
Valediction:
The18thCentury:
Enlightenment同时为美国独立战争与法国大革命提供了框架,并且导致了资本主义和社会主义的兴起,与音乐史上的巴洛克时期以及艺术史上的新古典主义时期是同一时期。
Arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion(抑制情感)andaccuracy
TheAgeofEnlightenment/Reason:
themovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthe15thand16thcentries,aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason(rationality),equality&science(the18thcentury)
小说崛起:
Inthemid-century,thenewlyliteraryform,modernEnglishnovelrised(realisticnovel现实主义小说)
Gothicnovel(哥特式小说):
mystery,horror,castles(frommiddleparttotheendofcentury)
1. AlexanderPope亚历山大•蒲柏1688~1744
(18世纪英国最伟大的诗人,其诗多用“英雄双韵体”/“heroiccouplets”。
词句工整、精练、富有哲理性。
)
AsarepresentativeoftheEnlightenment,PopewasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland....
Eg.AmongtherepresentativesoftheEnlightenment,whowasoneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland?
(C)
A.JohnBunyanB.DanielDefoeC.AlexanderPopeD.JonathanSwift
批评论
Artisticfeatures:
1.Using“heroiccouplets”
卷发遇劫记
道德论
人论
愚人记
2. SamuelJohnson塞缪尔•约翰逊1709~1784
Dictionary=英语大词典
3.JonathanSwift乔纳森•斯威夫特1667~1745
(十八世纪杰出的政论家和讽刺小说家amastersatirist。
)
格列佛游记(fictionalwork)
Fourparts:
Lilliput小人国Brobdingnag大人国
FlyingIsland飞岛Houyhnhnm马岛
一个小小的建议
书战
木桶的故事
④一个麻布商的书信
4.DanielDefoe丹尼尔•笛福1660~1731
(小说家,新闻记者,小册子作者;十八世纪英国现实主义小说的奠基人。
)
Heisthefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople,hislanguageissmooth,easy,colloquialandmostlyvernacular,andheisthefounderofrealisticnovel.
鲁宾逊漂流记
ItpraisethefortitudeofthehumanlaborandthePuritan.
Robinsongrewfromanaiveandartlessyouthintoashrewdandhardenedman,temperedbynumeroustrialsinhiseventfullife.
Itisanadventurestory,Robinson,narrateshowhegoestosea,getsshipwreckedandmaroonedonalonelyisland,strugglestolivefor24-yearsthereandfinallygetsrelievedandreturnstoEngland.
④
5.HenryFielding亨利•菲尔丁1707~1754
(英国小说家,戏剧家,被誉为“英国小说之父”。
)
Heiscalled“FatherofEnglishnovel”.Hewasthefirsttowritea“Comicepicinprose”(散文体史诗),andthefirsttogivethemodernnovelitsstructureandstyle.
novels:
弃婴汤姆•琼斯
约瑟夫•安德鲁
大诗人江奈生•威尔德
爱米利亚
plays:
一七三六年历史记事
堂吉柯德在英国
6.OliverGoldsmith奥利弗•格尔德斯密斯1730~1774
poems:
旅游人
荒村
novel:
威克菲尔德牧师传
7. RichardBrinsleySheridan理查德•布林斯利•施莱登1751~1816
情敌
造谣学校
8.WilliamBlake威廉•布莱克1757~1827
天真之歌
Ahappyandinnocentworldfromchildren’seye.
经验之歌
Awordofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholytonefrommeneyes.
Include:
Lambisasymbolofpeaceandpurity
Tygerisasymbolofdreadandoiolence
天堂与地狱的婚姻
9.RobertBurns罗伯特•彭斯1759~1796
ThegreatestScottishpoetinthelate18thcentury.
PoemsChieflyintheScottishDialect主要用苏格兰方言写的诗
①约翰•安德生,我的爱人
②一朵红红的玫瑰
③往昔时光
④