《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下).pptx

《研究生英语精读教程》(第三版下).pptx

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,研究生英语精读教程（第三版,下）中国人民大学出版社,UnitOne,Technologyvs.Terrorism,TextExerciseSupplementaryReading,Technologyvs.Terrorism,Toxinsniffers*,missilejammers*,dirty-bombThepost-911secudreittyecbtloitrzs*：

isaffectingmorethanpublicsafety-itschangingthecourseofscience,toxinsniffers:

毒素嗅探器missilejammers:

导弹人为干发射机dirty-bombdetectors:

放射性核弹探测器blitzn.闪电战，突袭,1Intheracetopreventfuture9/11-styleattacks-orworse-Washingtonhasmarshaled*theU.S.scienceestablishmentonascalenotseensinceSputnik*.Federalinvestmentinhomeland-defenseresearchhasswallowednearly$4billionsince2003,andthatsamereadropoftotalsecurityspending.marshalvt.arrange（esp.facts）ingoodandcorrectorder安排；列举Sputnikn.苏联发射的人造地球卫星,Moreimportantisthattheacceleratedspendinghasbroughttogether*formerlydisparate*disciplines*:

Softwareengineers,epidemiologists*andbiologistshaveteamedup*toproducetechnologiesthatprotectairandfoodagainstbioterrorism.bringtogether:

使团结,使联合,使和解disparateadj.utterlydifferentinkind本质上相异的，根本不同的disciplinen.学科epidemiologistn.流行病学家teamup:

to（causeto）worktogetherasagroup（使）结成一队；（使）合作,（使）配合,Nuclearphysicistsandbio-forensics*specialistsnowcooperatewiththebestbinrabienhsavioralsciencetodevisewaystoreducethethreatofnuclearsmuggling*andsuicidebombers.,forensicsn.法医学smugglevt.走私,2Yetsomeexpertsarguethatmuchofthebigspendingprovidesonlyanillusory*senseofsecurity.“Alotofitissecuritytheater*technologydesignedtomakeyoufeelbetter,”saysBruceSchneier,authorofBeyondFear：

ThinkingSensiblyaboutSecurityinanUWnocreldr.taHinepointstohigh-techprotectionpouredintolandmarks*,fromtheWhiteHousetolocalcityhalls.illusoryadj.deceivingandunrealbasedonafalseidea虚幻的，错觉的theatern.戏剧效果landmarkn.标志性建筑,Butthatheclaimsdivertsterroristattentionto“softer”targetslikesubwaysandstadiums.Butthegovernmentseemstohavetakenthepoint.,Ietsver-expandinghomeland-securitymeasurescovernotjustbigtargetsbutthenationsbroadervulnerabilities*aswell.Herearefiveofthehighest-riskareas,alongwithsomeofthetechnologiesemergingoverthenextfewyearstodefendthem.1.vulnerableadj.（ofaplaceorthing）weak;notwellprotected;easilyattacked（指地点或事物）有弱点的；防守不秘的；容易受攻击的-vulnerabilityn.,Air,Water,FoodSupplies3Oneofthebiggestchallengesinthisareaistodevelopsensorsthatcansniffoutattacksoneverythingfromcropsinfieldstoair-conditioningsystemsinpublicspaces.,theEnvironmentalProtectionAgency,inconjunctionwiththeCentersforDiseaseControlandPreventionandtheFederalBureauofInvestigation,hasdeployedanetworkofminiaturetoxindetectorsin30Americancitiesaspartofa$300-millionprogramcalledBioWatch.Thefilterscollectair-bornetoxins,whicharesenttolaboratoriesforanalysis.,4ScientistsatLawrenceLivemoreNationalLaboratoryhavepushedthisideafurtherwiththeirAutonomousPathogen*DetectionSystem,orAPDS.Inspiredbythe,1995SaringasattackintheTokyosubway.APDScanidentifychemicalsandbiotoxinswithoutrequiringresearcherstogatherdailysamplingsandwaitforreadouts.1.pathogenn.病原体,Hookedtotheventilationsystemofamall,trainstationorothergatheringplace,APDScanperform178separatesamplingsofairoveraweekwithouthumaninterventionandrelayitsfindingswirelesslytoacentrallab.ItsbeentestedinNewYorkCityandcoulddebutinotherurbanareasby2008.,Borders,infrastructure,5Since2004,some60millionvisitorstotheU.S.havehadtheirtwoindexfingerprintsrecordedbyanopticalscannerthatcheckstheinformationagainstawatchlistinWashington。

D.C.The$1.5-billionU.S.-VISITbiometrics*programhasidentified1,100peopletryingtoenterthecountryunderfalsepretenses*andmorethan20,000would-beentrantswithquestionablebackgrounds.biometricsn.生物计量（统计）学pretensen.pretext借口,6Asthearchive*ofvisaapplicantsballoons*,scansofall10fingerswillprovidemorefail-safe*identifications.Systemsmayalsoemployiris*scansandvoiceprints*.,archiven.档案balloonvi.toswellorincreaserapidlyinsize激增,膨胀fail-safeadj.safefromfailure保证不会失败的；自动防止故障危害的irisn.（眼球的）虹膜voiceprintn.声纹，声印（用仪器对人的说话声所做的等高线记录，声纹因人而异，犹如指纹）,Inthemeantime,at100portsandborderpaotrinutcsk,-mountedscannercalledVACIS（VehicleandCargoInspectionSystem）,designedbyScienceApplicationsInternationalCorporation,givescustomsinspectorsatooltoprobetheinnards*oftrucksandcargocontainerswithoutpryingthemopen.1.innardsn.内部,VACISuseslow-energygammaraysthatpenetrateevenlead-linedboxestoproducegrainyimagesinaslittleassixseconds.Iftheoperatordetectsobjectsthatdontmatchwhatslistedonashippingmanifest*,thecontainercanbeshunted*offforinspection.,manifestn.alistofgoodscarried,esp.onaship载货清单（尤指船载）shuntvt.to（causeto）gotooneside,offcourse.（使）被搁置一侧,7Alsoindevelopmentaremicron*-sizesensors-knownas“smartdust”or“motes”thatcanbesprinkledaroundpipelines,unguardedbordersandutilityplantstomonitorintrusionsorthereleaseofbiologicalaerosols*,chemicalsorradiation.,micronn.微米aerosoln.浮尘,Buildingonadvancesinsensortelemetry*,thesebattery-poweredcomputersformanetworkofelectroniceyes,earsandnosesthatcancommunicatewithoneanotheralongalow-bandwidthfrequencyandbeam*readingstoacentralserver.Expertssaythat,dependingonfunding,motes*couldbereadyfornationwidedeploymentby2010.telemetryn.遥测技术beamvt.tosendoutinacertaindirection向某一方向播发送射，moten.averysmallpieceorgrain（esp.ofdust）微粒，尘埃,Transportation,Subways,buses,trainsandplanesandthehubsthatservicethemarevulnerabletothreatsrangingfromaerosol-bornepathogensand“bodmirbty”radiationtotruckbombers.TechnologyoutoftheCaliforniabranchofSandiaNationalLaboratoriesconnectssensorswirelesslyorthroughfiberopticstoashoebox-sizedevicecalledallIntelligentSensingModule*,orISM.modulen.astandardself-containedunit模块，微型组件,AnetworkofISMsatafacilitylinkedtoacommandpostelsewherecanofferfacilitymanagersorsecurityagenciesearlywarningoafthreatintimetotakeaction。

Thesystemhasbeeninuseat30facilities,includingsportsarenas,subwaysandairports.since2004.Asdetectionsystemsimprove,futureversionscouldbeinstalledatnuclearandchemicalplantsandkeytransitcenters.,9Toheadoffwould-bebombers,so-calledpuffingmachines,nowondutyat26airports,cantellwhetheryouvebeensuspiciouslynearexplosivesinthepastweek.Resemblingasleekouthouse,the$150,000walk-throughmachinesendsaquickblastofairoveryourclothingtodislodgetraceexplosiveparticles.Itthencollectstheairandsendsittoadetectorthatcanidentifyeighttypesofnitrate-basedexplosivesallinseconds.1.sleekadj.highlyfashionableorstylish;luxurious,elegant时髦，造型优美；豪华,“WecanfindtheequivalentofamilligramofaspirininanOlympic-sizeswimmingpool,”saysKevinLinker,aseniorengineeratSandiaLabsinNewMexico.An11-poundversionknownas“micro-hound”isalreadyindevelopment.Andtoheadoffsuicidebombers,researchershaveworkedupaprototypeofadevicetodetectexplosivestracesfromadistanceof30feetaway.,Publicspaces10Althoughofficebuildingsandpublicareasnowroutinelyemployvideosurveillanceandcrashbarriers,localbuildingcodesandthehighcostofrefittingsiteshaveslowedprogressinterror-proofing.“Ifyoudesignedeverybuildingagainstthethreatofanattack,wecouldntaffordtobuildanymore.”concedesformercongressmanRichardSwett,amemberofthepanelselectingthedesignteamtorebuildtheWorldTradeCenter.,Still,buildingtechnologytodayalreadyseemslight-yearsbeyondpre-911days.Plansfortrheebuilttowers,Swettnotes,includeblast-proofwindowsandbuildingmaterials,sensorsryasdtieomresp,eaterstoensurethatrescueworkersontheupperfloorscancommunicatewithcolleaguesontheground,and“smartstyhsatteamllso”wabuildingtoautomaticallyisolatecontaminatedareas.,11Asfortherescuecrewsthatmustenteradisastersite,theywillmostlikelybeoutfittedwithhigh-techprotectivegear*includingtheLifeShirt.thevest-liketopmonitors30physiologicalsigns,usesGPStechnologytotrackrescuersmovements,andstreamsallthatreal-timedatatoacommandcenterwheredozensoffirstresponderscanbetrackedsimultaneously.1.gridn.（高压输电线路的）网,TheInternet,12Acyber-attackonthecountrysfinancialnetworksorpowerandtelecommunicationsgrids*couldmakeothermeansofprotectingourphysicalassets*mInoroets*p.onse,computerscientistsatPacificNorthwestNationalLaboratoryinRichland,Washington,havedevelopedaprogramcalledMozarttodetectwould-bespiesandintruderso1n.gwriedbns.（ite高s压.输电线路的）网assetn.anypropertyownedbyapersonor产co，mp财a产ny资mootadj.sohypotheticalastobemeaningless无实际意义的,Thesoftware,nowusedbytheDepartmentofEnergy,employssearchtoolsthatdrillintowebsitestodiscoverandcatalogue*sensitiveinformationthatcouldcompromisenationalsecurity.Developersdescribeitasa“Google-esque”toolandpredictthatitwillbeavailabletothemilitaryandothergovernmentagenciesbyyearsend.1.cataloguevt.toenteraniteminacatalogue（alistofevents,qualitiesandthingsconsideredasagroup）登记，编目，按目录分类,Nextontheagenda:

whatscalledIntrinsically*SecureComputingbasically,amasterplantohelpcomputers“understandwhentheyreunderattackandtakemeasurestoprotectthemselves”,explainsBryanMcMillan,PNNLstechnicalmanagerforcyber-security.Broaddeploymentoftheplanisstillatleast10yearsaway.1.intrinsicadj.situatedwithinorparticulartoapart内部固的有，的,13Suchover-the-horizonconceptsandthebillionsspentonthemwillneveramountto100percentprotection.“Thebiggestperformancegainsintechnologyresultfr