初中英语动词不定式完整课件.ppt
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动词不定式,结构:
todo（否定）nottodo,二.时态与语态,不定式,todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone,tohavebeendoing,-,-,1.作主语,2.作宾语,3.作宾语补足语,4.作定语,5.作状语,6.作表语,7.作独立成分,8.与疑问词等连用,三.用法/功能,Toseeistobelieve.Itsimportanttolearn.,
（1）.主语,不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后,用it作形式主语.,Myjobtohelpthepatient.Yourtasktocleantheclassroom.,is,is,
（2）.表语,Iwanttogohome.Theworkersdemandedtogetbetterpay.Ifounditnecessarytotalktohimagain.,（3）宾语,think/consider/findit+adj.+todo,常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：
hope,refuse,learn,setoutchoose,decide,agree,manage,pretend,plan.,Theteachertoldmetocleantheblackboard.Iexpectyoutogivemesomehelp.,（4）.宾补,二看,watch,see,lookat,三使,let,make,have,一听,listento,hear,四注意:
feel,warn,tell,allow,help,ask,force等,notice,五感觉:
Imadehimdohiswork.,Hewasmadetodohiswork（byme）.,不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.,
（1）.Shecoulddonothingbutcry.
（2）.Ihavenochoicebuttogo.（3）.Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.,Ihavesomethingtosay.Hehasalotofhomeworktodo.Heislookingforaroomtolivein.Thereisnothingtoworryabout.,（5）.定语,（如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词,则不定式中要有介词.）,不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面，而且放在其他后置定语之后。
1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系：
（1）动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。
（2）主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。
（3）同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。
2.不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等，即使是及物动词，不定式后面仍须有相应的介词。
3.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way，不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。
Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。
请给我一支写字的笔.,Pleasegivemeapentowritewith.,4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。
注意比较：
Doyouhaveanythingtosend?
你有什么东西要寄吗？
（不定式tosend的动作执行者是you）2.Doyouhaveanythingtobesent?
你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？
（不定式tobesent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someoneelse）,Icameheretoseeyou.Hegotupearlytocatchthetrain.,（6）状语,inorderto,soasto,enoughto,onlyto,too.to.,（7）.独立结构,tobefrank,tobehonest,totellthetruth,Totellthetruth,Idontagreewithyou.,关于小品词to,
（1）.不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要省略该动词.,eg:
Wouldyouliketogowithme?
Idliketo.,
（2）.不定式是tobe结构,be不可省.,eg:
Wouldyouliketobeateacher?
Idliketobe.,不定式与疑问词who,which,when,how,what等连用，在句中起名词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。
Hedidntknowwhattosay.他不知道说什么。
（宾语）Howtosolvetheproblemisveryimportant.如何解决这个问题很重要。
（主语）Myquestioniswhentostart.我的问题是什么时候开始。
（表语）,注意：
在与why连用时，只用于why或whynot开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。
Whynothavearest?
固定句型:
hadbetter/hadbest+（not）dosth.最好（不）做某事Why（not）dosth.?
prefertodo/preferdoingprefer+n./doingA+to+n./doingBprefer+todoAratherthan（to）doBwouldrather（not）dosth.wouldratherdoAthan（do）Bwouldrather+句子（过去式）（虚拟语气）要做,
（1）.Theypretendednottoseeus.,
（2）.Hepretendedtobesleeping.,（3）.Shepretendedtohaveknownitbefore.,（一般式表示与谓语的动作同时/几乎/发生在它之后.）,（在谓语动词发生的同时,不定式的动作也正在进行）,（完成式表示动作发生在谓语动作之前）,（4）.Werehappytohavebeenworkingwithyou.,（完成进行式表示谓语动作发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续）,Myteacherwasmade_histeachingbecauseofpoorhealth.givingupB.togiveupC.giveupD.givenup2.Thesentencewants_oncemore.explainedB.toexplainC.beingexplainedD.explaining3.TheArcticisconsidered_thenorthernpartoftheAtlantic.havingbeenB.tohavebeenC.tobeD.being,B,D,C,4.TheEmperororderedthewonderfulcloth_forhimwithoutdelay.tohavewovenB.tobewovenC.tobeweavingD.toweave5.IfoundtheGermanlanguagehard_.learnedB.learningC.tobelearnedD.tolearn6.Thelightintheofficeisstillon.-Oh,Iforgot_.turningitoffB.turnitoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff,B,D,C,7.-Howdoyoudealwiththedisagreementbetweenthecompanyandthecustomers?
-Thekey_theproblemistomeetthedemand_bythecustomers.tosolving,makingB.tosolving,madeC.tosolve,makingD.tosolve,made8.-Whatdoyouthinkoftheschool?
-Itisaverygood_.schooltostudyinB.schoolforchildrentostudyC.studyingschoolD.schooltostudy,B,A,9.-Didyougetajob?
-No,I_,butitsnouse.expectedB.triedtoC.managedtoD.planned10.Wefinditimpossibleforthework_aheadoftime.tofinishB.finishingC.beingfinishedD.tobefinished11.-IusuallygotoShanghaibytrain.-Whynot_therebyboatforachange?
totrytogoB.trygoingC.totrygoingD.trytogo,B,D,B,12._aliving,shehadtoworkfrommorningtillnight.TomakeB.MadeC.MakingD.Tohavemade13.Iwouldratherstarvetodeaththan_forfood.begB.beggingC.beggedD.tobeg14.Theboypretended_whenhismotherentered.readingB.toreadC.tobereadingD.beingread,A,A,C,Exercise,1.Robertissaid_abroad,butIdontknowwhatcountryhestudiedin.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying2.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,_itmoredifficult.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.dontmake3.Iveworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat_inmynewjob.expectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects,4.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouple,butitremains_whethertheywillenjoyit.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.see5.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows_.itwhattodowithB.whattodowithitC.whattodoitwithD.todowhatwithit6.Themotherdidntknow_toblameforthebrokenglassasithappenedwhileshewasout.A.whoB.whenC.howD.why,7.Pauldoesnthavetobemade_.Healwaysworkshard.A.learnB.tolearnC.learnedD.learning8.Weagreed_herebutsofarshehasntturnedupyet.A.havingmetB.meetingC.tomeetD.tohavemet9.Theboywantedtoridehisbicycleinthestreet,buthismothertoldhim_.A.nottoB.nottodoC.notdoitD.donotto,10.Thepatientwaswarned_oilyfoodaftertheoperation.A.toeatnotB.eatingnotC.nottoeatD.noteating11.Iwouldlove_tothepartylastnightbutIhadtoworkextrahourstofinishareport.A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone12.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_thefirstcomputer.A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinventedD.havinginvented,13.LittleJimshouldlove_tothetheatrethisevening.A.tobetakenB.totakeC.beingtakenD.taking14._lateintheafternoon,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingsleep15.Theteacheraskedus_somuchnoise.A.dontmakeB.notmakeC.notmakingD.nottomake,Ex2onPage6rewriting:
HewasoverheardtosaythathehopedJohnwouldresign.Peterwasmadetowaitoutside.Hewasheardtounlockthedoorandgoout.Themanwasseentoshootthewomanonthestreet.Theoldladywasnoticedtowipeherfacewithahandkerchief.,Ex1TranslationonPage49Iforgottoaskyoutogotothebank.Itisveryimportanttoturnofftheelectricitybeforeyoucheckthemachine.Iknowhowtomakeamouseoutofmyhandkerchief.Luckily,wedonthavemuchmoreworktodo.Shewasverypleasedtohavetheopportunitytotravelwhileshewasyoung.Shehasbeenverysuccessfulinherwork,andnowhergreatestwishistogetmarriedandhaveachild.,Usingstructures,startedpushing/topushpromisedtogoadviseyoutoeatbeganshouting/toshoutavoidfallingforgettocallfeltlikethrowingletthemstay,a.totellb.spendinga.puttingb.tochecka.talkingb.tomakec.todrinka.togetb.thinking,Exercises2and3onP49,
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