简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因学位论文.docx

简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因学位论文.docx

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简析《呼啸山庄》中男女主人公爱情悲剧的原因学位论文

摘要

《呼啸山庄》是由艾米丽·布朗特所创的世界上最伟大的小说之一。

艾米丽在小说中成功的塑造了爱与恨为主题的爱情悲剧故事。

自该小说诞生以来，国内外学者对于《呼啸山庄》主题的研究从未停止。

本文选取希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳爱情故事原因的角度进行探究，致力通过对男女主人公所处的阶级，受到的教育，各自成长环境的变化，及各自性格原因，来分析男女主人公的爱情悲剧。

通过本次研究，能够使读者对希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的爱情悲剧有更清晰的理解和认识。

关键词：

爱；恨；凯瑟琳；西斯克里夫；呼啸山庄

Contents

Abstracti

摘要ii

1．Introduction.1

1.1IntroductionofEmilyBronteandherWutheringHeights1

1.2Introductionofthetragiclovestory1

1.3Thestructureofthispaper2

2．LiteratureReview4

2.1Reviewontheoverseastudies4

2.2Reviewonthedomesticstudies4

3．TheExternalReasonsfortheTragedy6

3.1Theclassbarrier6

3.2Theeducationalreasons7

3.2.1ThefamilyeducationforHeathcliffandCatherine7

3.2.2EducationconductedbyEuropeanupperclass7

4．TheInternalReasonsfortheTragedy9

4.1Catherine’sownreasons9

4.1.1Catherine’sgrowingenvironment9

4.1.2Catherine’sdualpersonality9

4.1.3Catherine’sbetrayal10

4.2Heathcliff’sownreasons10

4.2.1Heathcliff’sgrowingenvironment11

4.2.2Heathcliff’sextremepersonality11

4.2.3Heathcliff’srevenge12

5．Conclusion14

References15

Acknowledgements16

1.Introduction

1.1IntroductionofEmilyBronteandherWutheringHeights

EmilyJaneBronte（July30,1818–December19,1848）wasagreatBritishnovelistandpetinthe19thcenturyandoneoftheextraordinarywomenwritersintheliteraryhistoryofEngland,andsheisalsobestrememberedforheronlynovelWutheringHeights,whichisnowanacknledgedclassicofEnglishliterature.

EmilywasbornatThorntoninYorkshire.ShewastheyoungersisterofCharlotteBronte,andthefifthofsixchildren.ItwasthediscoveryofEmily'spoetictalentbyherfamilythatledherandhersisters,CharlotteandAnne,topublishjointlyabookofpoemsentitledPoemsbyCurrer,EllisandActionBellin1846.Toevadecontemporaryprejudiceagainstfemalewriters,allthreeusedmalepseudonyms,Emily'sbeing"EllisBell".Shewrotemanypoemsofherownandsomeoftheseduringhershortlife,intheformofpowerfullyrics.Theselyricshavebeenesteemedhighlyaspassionateutterancesoftheauthor’sinnermostfeelingsandthoughts.

Shesubsequentlypublishedheronlynovel,WutheringHeights,in1847,apowerful,poeticwork,butwhoseinnovativestructuresomewhatpuzzledcritics.Althoughitreceivedmixedreviewswhenitfirstcameout,thebooksubsequentlybecameanEnglishliteraryclassic.

WutheringheightsdepictsthefoundlingboyHeathcliffaftertheadoptionbytheEarnshaw.HelivedwithMr.Earnshaw’ssonHindleyanddaughterCatherine.HindleytreatHeathcliffbadly.HeinsultedandmaltreatedHeathcliffinveerypossiblewayaftherMr.Earnshaw’sdeath.Atthesametime,peculiaremotionoccurredbetweenCatherineandHeathcliff.Becauseofhervanityandignorance,CatherinedecidedtomarryLinton.Heathcliffleftwithanger.Threeyearslater,Heathcliffreturnedtorevenge.HesucceededinannexingallthepropertyofHindley’sandtheLinton’s.However,Catherine’sghostpesteredhimallthetimeandhediedinthedreamwithCatherine.

1.2Introductionofthetragiclovestory

WutheringHeightsshowsusthelifescenesinadeformitysocietythroughatragiclovestory,outlinesallkindsoftheterribleeventscausedbythehumannatureinthedistortedsociety.ThetitleofthenovelcomesfromtheYorkshiremanoronthemoorsofthestory（asanadjective,WutheringisaYorkshirewordreferringtoturbulentweather）.Thenarrativetalecentersontheall-encompassing,passionate,butultimatelydoomedlovebetweenCatherineEarnshawandHeathcliff,andhowthisunresolvedpassioneventuallydestroysthemandthepeoplearoundthem.Theplotofstoryisactuallyspreadgraduallythroughfourstages.

ThefirststagedescribesthechildhoodlifeofHeathcliffandCatherineEarnshawwhothetwochildrenspendhoursonthemoorstogetherandhateeverymoment;thespecialfeelingbetweenahomelessgypsyboyandanhonored,upper-classladyintheuniqueenvironment,andtheirrebelagainstthetyrannyofCatherine’sbrotherHindley.

ThesecondstagefocusesondescribingCatherineasacommonladywhopursuesthetraditional“humanlove”anddeniesHeathcliff’slove;atlastshemarriedtoLayton,ayoungandrich,educatedgentleman,andbecomesthemistressofThrushcrossGrange.SheadmittedNellythatshelovesLayton,becauseheisyoung,handsome,andrichandlovesher,andthemostimportantoneisthathecanmakeherbecomethemostrespectedwoman.WhileCatherinepattedonherforeheadandchestsaid:

“Inmysoulmyheart,IknowIwaswrong.”ShealsolovesHeathcliff,buthereloveforHeathcliffisderivedform“heandIarethesamepieceofmaterial”.Love,fromthepursuitofhappinesstothepursuitofoneself,hasbecomejust“super-humanlove”.

Inthethirdstage,thenovel,byusingalotofwords,describeshowHeathcliffwhoisfilledwithhatredanddespairmakesallkindsofactionsonhisrevenge.Thispartisthemainthemeofthewholestory.WiththedeathofCatherine,Edgar,Isabella,Heathcliff’ssonandhimself,Heathcliffachieveshisrevengeonthosewhotreatedhimbadly.

Atlast,thenovelonlynarratesthedeathofHeathcliff,butrevealsabrandnewchangeofhismindswhenhefoundthatHaretonandCathyfellinlovewitheachother.Hismindschangesfromlove,hatred,andrevengetotherecoveryofhumannature,whichrevealsalightofhopeinthistragiclovewhichisfullofhorrorcolor.

Inthenovel,HeathcliffandCatherinelatergrowclose,andtheirlovebecomesthecentralthemeofthefirstvolume;hisrevengeanditsconsequencesarethemainthemeofthesecondvolume.Therefore,hismindschangefromlove,hatred,revengetotherevivalofhumannature,isnotonlytheessenceofthenovel,butalsothethemethroughoutthewholenovel.Theauthorlayoutsandarrangesthechangedsceneunpredictablyaccordingtothistheme,sometimesfullofdarkclouds,waillikeghostsandhowllikewolvesinthewilderness,andsometimeslikethestormsblowhard,orinadarkcourtyard.Thetragiclovestoryisalwayssurroundedinamysteriousandterribleatmosphere.

1.3Thestructureofthispaper

WutheringHeightsisthemostunusualnovelinthehistoryofEnglishLiterature.BydescribingCatherineandHeathcliff'slove;itshowsthevariationofdeformitysociety,andthedistortedhumanistic.ThisarticleanalyzesthebookfromthereasonsofthetradgicloveCatherineandHeathcliff.Thefirstchapterisintroduction;itgivesabriefintroductiononEmilyBronteandtheWutheringHeights.Thesecondchapterisliteraturereview,inthispartitintroducesthestudiesofthisnovelontheoverseaanddomestic.Thethirdchapteristheexternalreasonsforthetragedy.Thefourthistheinternalreasonsforthetragedy.Thelast,chapterfive,istheconclusionofthispaper.

2.LiteratureReview

TodayconsideredasaclassicofEnglishliterature,WutheringHeightswasmetwithmixedreviewswhenitfirstappeared,mainlybecauseofmentalandphysicalcrueltyofthenarrative'sstarkdepiction.AlthoughCharlotteBronte'sJaneEyrewasgenerallyconsideredthebestoftheBrontësisters'worksduringmostofthenineteenthcentury,manysubsequentcriticsofWutheringHeightsarguedthatitwasasuperiorachievement.

Thenovelhasbeenstudied,analyzed,anddiscussedfromeveryimaginablecriticalperspectiveandfromeveryaspect,yetitremainsunexhausted.Mostofthemarefocusedonthecharacteroftheheroorthecomplicatedlovebetweenthecharacters.Catherine,theheroineoftheWutheringHeights,isatypicaltragicroleinWesternliterature.Caterine’semotionalhasdifferentchangeswithdifferentenvironment.（Chenle,2007）.Heathcliff,inWutheringHeights,istherealdramaticcenterofthestory.Heathcliffisacoalescenceofseveralcharactersandelements,oneistheconceptofamanwhosemindofhatredispitilessandruthless,andanotherisofamanwhosedesireforrevengedegeneratesintoavarice（DavyCecil,1934）.TherearemanyfactorstodealwithHeathcliff’sdistortion;manyofthepreviousstudiesattempttoexplorethereasonsforHeathcliff’stragedies.Inaboard,theyarerespectivelyDavy.L.Robert’sanalysisbasedonprototypetheory,DavyCecil’sanalysisbasedonbackgroundstheoryandJames.C.Janet’sanalysisbasedonlovetheory.

2.1Reviewontheoverseastudies

AccordingtoDavyLRobert（1985），ThePrototypeofHeathcliffsuggeststhesensationalrevengeandtragiccharacters.HeaddressedinhisThePrototypeofHeathcliffthatEmilyBrontecreatedthename“Heathcliff”totellthereaderstheman’stemperamentinametaphoricalway.DavyLRobertarguesthatthefigureofHeathcliffcreatedbyBrontestandsforevilandrevenge,andhealsothinksthatHeathcliff’sprototypewouldbethedevilfromhell.AccordingtoJamesCJanet’s（2009）OnBronte’sWutheringHeights,therelationshipdeterminesHeathcliffandCatherine’slove.Theirloveisthusformedintherebellionagainstthosesocialforces,familiesandclasses,whichrestricttheideals.Catherine’schoiceoflove,herchoicefondnessofwealth,positionandsocialdistinctioninotherwords,aretheprimaryreasonsforformingHeathcliff’stragiccharacters（JamesC.Janet,2009）.AccordingtoDavyCecilthebackgroundsdealalotwithHeathcliff’sdistortion.DavyCecilbelievesthatthechangeofclassstateandlifeexperiencecontributealottoformHeathcliff’sdistortion.

2.2Reviewonthedomesticstudies

InChina,manyscholarscombinecharacteristicsandthefateoflifeexperienceofcharactertypesinWutheringHeightswithauthor’spersonalityandcharacteristic,suchasTangZheng（2009）believedthat,toacertainextent