14 应有格物致知精神(部编版八年级下册语文获奖课件ppt）.ppt
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有人说中国的孩子“高分低能”“会读书不会研究”，缺乏创新精神和实践动手能力。
问题出在哪里呢？
相信丁肇中教授的文章会给我们极大的启发。
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（重点）2.归纳课文的中心论点，学习摆事实、讲道理的论证方法。
（重点）3.感受科学实验精神的重要性，树立格物致知精神及乐于动手实验的科学品质。
（难点）,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,丁肇中，1936年出生，祖籍山东日照，美籍华裔物理学家。
1976年获得诺贝尔物理学奖，中国科技大学名誉教授，中国科学院高能物理研究所学术委员会专家，他的研究方向是高能实验粒子物理学。
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受传统教育的影响，我国基础教育过于注重基础知识和基本技能的训练，而忽视对学生创新精神和实践能力的培养，致使学生大多“高分低能”。
这已不适应社会、时代发展的需要，鉴于此，著名科学家丁肇中根据现代学术的发展和个人经验，并联系传统的文化背景和我国的现状，向我们提出了忠告：
应有格物致知精神。
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推究事物的道理。
格，探究、穷尽。
致知：
致，推及；知，认识。
就是使心中已知之“理”，推开拓展，使认识达到无所不知的极限。
彷徨：
走来走去，犹豫不决，不知该往何处去。
修身：
旧时指努力提高自己的品德修养。
清谈：
本指魏晋间一些大夫不务实际，空谈哲理。
后世泛指一般不切实际的谈论。
正心：
即心要端正。
齐家：
即把自己的家族整顿好。
袖手旁观：
比喻置于事外或不协助别人。
一帆风顺：
比喻非常顺利，毫无挫折。
格物致知：
推究事物的原理，获得知识。
不知所措：
不知道怎么办才好。
形容处境为难或心神慌乱。
状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,什么叫“格物”和“致知”？
课文中作了解释，请找出来。
从探察物体而得到知识。
格：
探察、探究。
物：
物体、事物。
致：
达到、得到。
本文的论点是什么？
应有格物致知精神。
（课题即是论点）,本文的结论是什么？
希望我们这一代对于格物和致知有新的认识和思考，使得实验精神真正变成中国文化的一部分。
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（1）,第二部分（212）,第三部分（13）,用中国学生存在的问题和自己的亲身经验，从正反两方面分析了实验精神在科学上的重要性。
强调培养实验精神的意义，并对中国年青一代提出希望。
自由地朗读课文，整理出文章脉络。
中国学生应该怎样学习自然科学。
默读第二部分，思考下列问题：
作者是如何展开论述的，运用了哪些论证方法？
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（2）,第二层（35）,第三层（612）,第二部分,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,状元成才路,第一层
（2）：
正面解释,在中国传统教育里，最重要的书是“四书”。
“四书”之一的大学里这样说：
一个人教育的出发点是“格物”和“致知”。
就是说，从探察物体而得到知识。
用这两个词语描写现代学术发展是再恰当也没有的了。
现代学术的基础就是实地的探察，就是我们现在所谓的实验。
第二层（35）:
反面论证,作者举了王阳明的例子。
我们探讨一下：
王阳明“格”竹子失败证明了什么？
王阳明的“格物”实际上是“格己”，而不是研究万物的道理，这是无用的，不能适用于现在的世界。
证明实验的过程不是消极的观察而是积极地实践，也证明了中国古代的传统教育没有真正理解格物致知的含义。
第三层（612）:
正反两方面分析,1.从现代观念看，真正的“格物致知”是什么呢？
科学发展的历史告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。
2.怎样进行实验？
实验有什么特点？
实验的过程不是消极的观察，而是积极的探测。
实验不是毫无选择的地测量，它需要有细致具体的计划。
特别重要的，是要有一个适当的目标，以作为整个探索过程的向导。
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它们之间有何联系？
一个成功的实验需要的是眼光、勇气和毅力。
选择正确的目标,开展实验,坚持完成实验,4.作者列举了什么例子从反面论证实验精神在科学上的重要性？
因为这个文化背景，中国学生大都偏向于理论而轻视实验，偏向于抽象的思维而不愿动手。
中国学生往往念功课成绩很好，考试都得近一百分，但是在研究工作中需要拿主意时，就常常不知所措了。
我是受传统教育长大的。
到美国大学念物理的时候，起先以为只要很“用功”，什么都遵照老师的指导，就可以一帆风顺了，但是事实并不是这样。
一开始做研究便马上发现不能光靠教师，需要自己做主张、出主意。
当时因为事先没有准备，不知吃了多少苦。
最使我彷徨恐慌的，是当时的唯一办法以埋头读书应付一切，对于实际的需要毫无帮助。
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格物致知真正的意义是什么？
为什么说当今社会需要真正的格物致知的精神？
作者认为今天的教育应当怎样发扬真正的格物致知精神？
格物致知真正的意义是什么？
第一，寻求真理的唯一途径是对事物客观的探索；第二，探索应该有想象力、有计划，不能消极地袖手旁观。
为什么说当今社会需要真正的格物致知的精神？
真正的格物致知精神，不但研究学术不可缺少，而且对应付今天的世界环境中也是不可少的。
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第二，科学发展的历史告诉我们，新的知识只能通过实地实验而得到，不是由自我检讨或哲理的清谈就可求到的。
第三，这是应付今天的世界环境必不可少的。
作者认为今天的教育应当怎样发扬真正的格物致知精神？
在今天一般的教育里，我们需要培养实验的精神。
就是说，不论是研究自然科学，研究人文科学，还是在个人行动上，我们都要保留一个怀疑求真的态度，要靠实践来发现事物的真相。
再读第三部分，说说作者在结尾表达了什么希望？
希望我们这一代对于格物和致知有新的认识和思考，使得实验精神真正变成中国文化的一部分。
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应有格物致知精神,本论（阐明道理）,结论（解决问题）：
论证“格物致知”的真正意义，提出希望,应有格物致知精神,解释“格物致知”的含义举例说明在古代并未重视“格物致知”现代“格物致知”的重要性,培养实验精神贡献人类社会,本文由古代文化典籍引出观点，以王阳明和自己的实例为论据，针对传统教育下的中国学生，论证了格物致知的真正含义，号召中国学生应有真正的格物致知精神。
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