汇编指令机器执行周期.docx

汇编指令机器执行周期.docx

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汇编指令机器执行周期

80x86IntegerInstructionSet（8088-Pentium）

ClickFPUopcodesforfloatingpointinstructions

Jumptoendoflegend

Legend:

General

acc=AL,AXorEAXunlessspecifiedotherwise

reg=anygeneralregister

r8=any8-bitregister

r16=anygeneralpurpose16-bitregister

r32=anygeneralpurpose32-bitregister

imm=immediatedata

imm8=8-bitimmediatedata

imm16=16-bitimmediatedata

mem=memoryaddress

mem8=addressof8-bitdataitem

mem16=addressof16-bitdataitem

mem32=addressof32-bitdataitem

mem48=addressof48-bitdataitem

dest=16/32-bitdestination

short=8-bitdestination

Integerinstructiontimings:

n-generallyreferstoanumberofrepeatedcounts

m-inajumporcall;

286:

bytesinnextinstruction

386/486:

numberofcomponents

（eachbyteofopcode）+1（ifimmeddata）+1（ifdisplacement）

EA=cyclestocalculatetheEffectiveAddress

8088/8086:

base=5BP+DIorBX+SI=7BP+DI+disporBX+SI+disp=11

index=5BX+DIorBP+SI=8BX+DI+disporBP+SI+disp=12

disp=6segmentoverride=+2

286-486:

base+index+disp=+1allothers,nopenalty

instructionlength:

Thebytecountincludestheopcodelengthandlengthofanyrequired

displacementorimmediatedata.Ifthedisplacementisoptional,it

isshownasd（）withthepossiblelengthsinparentheses.Ifthe

immediatedataisoptional,itisshownasi（）withthepossible

lengthsinparentheses.

pairingcategoriesforPentium:

NP=notpairable

UV=pairableintheUpipeorVpipe

PU=pairableintheUpipeonly

PV=pairableintheVpipeonly

（endoflegend）

Instructionformats,clockcyclesandPentium®Pairinginfo

AAAASCIIadjustafteraddition

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1883433NP

Example:

aaa

AADASCIIadjustAXbeforedivision（secondbyteisdivisor）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

2601514191410NP

Example:

aad

AAMASCIIadjustAXaftermultiply（secondbyteisdivisor）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

2831916171518NP

Example:

aam

AASASCIIadjustALaftersubtraction

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1873433NP

Example:

aas

ADCIntegeraddwithcarry

operandsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

reg,reg2332211PU

mem,reg2+d（0,2）24+EA107733PU

reg,mem2+d（0,2）13+EA107622PU

reg,imm2+i（1,2）443211PU

mem,imm2+d（0,2）23+EA167733PU*

+i（1,2）

acc,imm1+i（1,2）443211PU

*=notpairableifthereisadisplacementandimmediate

Example:

adceax,ebx

ADDIntegeraddition

operandsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

reg,reg2332211UV

mem,reg2+d（0,2）24+EA107733UV

reg,mem2+d（0,2）13+EA107622UV

reg,imm2+i（1,2）443211UV

mem,imm2+d（0,2）23+EA167733UV*

+i（1,2）

acc,imm1+i（1,2）443211UV

*=notpairableifthereisadisplacementandimmediate

Example:

addeax,ebx

ANDLogicalAND

operandsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

reg,reg2332211UV

mem,reg2+d（0,2）24+EA107733UV

reg,mem2+d（0,2）13+EA107622UV

reg,imm2+i（1,2）443211UV

mem,imm2+d（0,2）23+EA167733UV*

+i（1,2）

acc,imm1+i（1,2）443211UV

*=notpairableifthereisadisplacementandimmediate

Example:

andeax,ebx

ARPLAdjustRPLfieldofselector（286+）

operandsbytes286386486Pentium

reg,reg2102097NP

mem,reg2+d（0-2）112197NP

Example:

arplax,bx

BOUNDCheckarrayindexagainstbounds（186+）

operandsbytes186286386486Pentium

reg,mem435131078NP

Example:

boundbx,array

BSFBitscanforward（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

r16,r16310+3n6-426-34NP

r32,r32310+3n6-426-42NP

r16,m163+d（0,1,2）10+3n7-436-35NP

r32,m323+d（0,1,2,4）10+3n7-436-43NP

Example:

bsfeax,[esi]

BSRBitscanreverse（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

r16,r16310+3n6-1037-39NP

r32,r32310+3n7-1047-71NP

r16,m163+d（0,1,2）10+3n6-1037-40NP

r32,m323+d（0,1,2,4）10+3n7-1047-72NP

Example:

bsreax,[esi]

BSWAPByteswap（486+）

operandbytes486Pentium

r32211NP

Example:

bswapeax

BTBittest（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

reg,reg3334NP

mem,reg3+d（0,1,2,4）1289NP

reg,imm83+i

（1）334NP

mem,imm83+d（0,1,2,4）+i

（1）634NP

Example:

bteax,4

BTCBittestandcomplement（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

reg,reg3667NP

mem,reg3+d（0,1,2,4）131313NP

reg,imm83+i

（1）667NP

mem,imm83+d（0,1,2,4）+i

（1）888NP

Example:

btceax,4

BTRBittestandreset（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

reg,reg3667NP

mem,reg3+d（0,1,2,4）131313NP

reg,imm83+i

（1）667NP

mem,imm83+d（0,1,2,4）+i

（1）888NP

Example:

btreax,4

BTSBittestandset（386+）

operandsbytes386486Pentium

reg,reg3667NP

mem,reg3+d（0,1,2,4）131313NP

reg,imm83+i

（1）667NP

mem,imm83+d（0,1,2,4）+i

（1）888NP

Example:

btseax,4

CALLCallsubroutine

operandbytes8088186286386486Pentium

near323147+m7+m31PV

reg220137+m7+m52NP

mem162+d（0-2）29+EA1911+m10+m52NP

far5362313+m17+m184NP

mem322+d（0-2）53+EA3816+m22+m174NP

ProtectedMode

operandbytes286386486Pentium

far526+m34+m204-13NP

mem322+d（0-2）29+m38+m205-14NP

cyclesnotshownforcallsthroughcallandtaskgates

Example:

callmy_function

CBWConvertbytetoword（AL-->AX）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1222333NP

Example:

cbw

CWDEConvertwordtodword（386+）（AX-->EAX）

bytes386486Pentium

1333NP

Example:

cwde

CWDConvertwordtodouble（AX-->DX:

AX）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1542232NP

Example:

cwd

CDQConvertdoubletoquad（EAX-->EDX:

EAX）

bytes386486Pentium

1232NP

Example:

cdq

CLCClearthecarryflag

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1222222NP

Example:

clc

CLDClearthedirectionflag（settoforwarddirection）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1222222NP

Example:

cld

CLICleartheinterruptflag（disableinterrupts）

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1223357NP

Example:

cli

CLTSCleartaskswitchedflaginCR0（286+）

bytes286386486Pentium

225710NP

Example:

clts

CMCComplementcarryflag

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1222222NP

Example:

cmc

CMPComparetwooperands

operandsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

reg,reg2332211UV

mem,reg2+d（0,2）13+EA107522UV

reg,mem2+d（0,2）13+EA106622UV

reg,imm2+i（1,2）443211UV

mem,imm2+d（0,2）14+EA106522UV*

+i（1,2）

acc,imm1+i（1,2）443211UV

*=notpairableifthereisadisplacementandimmediate

Example:

cmpeax,3

CMPS/CMPSB/CMPSW/CMPSDComparestringoperands

variationsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

cmpsb1302281085NP

cmpsw1---1085NP

cmpsd1---1085NP

repXcmpsb29+30n5+22n5+9n5+9n7+7n*9+4nNP

repXcmpsw29+30n5+22n5+9n5+9n7+7n*9+4nNP

repXcmpsd2---5+9n7+7n*9+4nNP

repX=repe,repz,repneorrepnz

*:

5ifn=0

Example:

repnecmpsb

CMPXCHGCompareandExchange（486+）

operandsbytes486Pentium

reg,reg365NP

mem,reg3+d（0-2）7-106NP

Example:

cmpxchgebx,edx

CMPXCHG8BCompareandExchange8bytes（Pentium+）

operandsbytesPentium

mem,reg3+d（0-2）10NP

Example:

cmpxchg8b[ebx],edx

CPUIDCPUidentification（Pentium+）

bytesPentium

214NP

Example:

cpuid

DAADecimaladjustALafteraddition

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1443423NP

Example:

daa

DASDecimaladjustALaftersubtraction

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1443423NP

Example:

das

DECDecrement

operandbytes8088186286386486Pentium

r82332211UV

r161332211UV

r321332211UV

mem2+d（0,2）23+EA157633UV

Example:

deceax

DIVUnsigneddivide

operandbytes8088186286386486Pentium

r8280-902914141617NP

r162144-1623822222425NP

r322---384041NP

mem82+d（0-2）86-96+EA3517171617NP

mem162+d（0-2）150-168+EA4425252425NP

mem322+d（0-2）---414041NP

impliedoperandquotientremainder

dividend

AX/byte=ALAH

DX:

AX/word=AXDX

EDX:

EAX/dword=EAXEDX

Example:

divebx

ENTERMakestackframeforprocedureparameters（186+）

operandsbytes8088186286386486Pentium

imm16,03-1511101411NP

imm16,14-2515121715NP

imm16,imm84-22+16n12+4n15+4n17+3i15+2iNP

n=imm8-1;i=imm8

Example:

enter1,0

ESCEscape

escapeopcodesD8-DFareusedbyfloatingpointinstructions

HLTHalt

bytes8088186286386486Pentium

1222544NP

Example:

hlt

IDIVSigneddivide

operandbytes8088186286386486Pentium

r82101-11244-5217191922NP

r162165-18453-6125272730NP

r322---434346NP

mem82+d（0-2）107-118+EA50-5820222022NP

mem162+d（0-2）171-190+EA59-6728302830NP

mem322+d（0-2）---464446NP

impliedoperandquotientremainder

dividend

AX/byte=ALAH

DX:

AX/word=AXDX

EDX:

EAX/dword=EAXEDX

Example:

idivebx

IMULSignedmultiply

AccumulatorMultiplies

operandbytes8088186286386486Pentium

r8280-9825-28139-1413-1811NP

r162128-15434-37219-2213-2611NP

r322---9-3813-4210NP

mem82+d（0-2）86-104+EA32-341612-1713-1811NP

mem162+d（0-2）134-160+EA40-432412-2513-2611NP

mem322+d（0-2）---12-4113-4210NP

impliedoperandresult

multiplicand（multiplier）

AL*byte=AX

AX*word=DX:

AX

EAX*dword=EDX:

EAX

Example:

imulebx

2and3operandMultiplies

operandsbytes186286386486Pentium

r16,imm2+i（1,2）-219-14/9-2213-18/13-2610NP

r32,imm2+i（1,2）--9-3813-4210NP