研究生英语阅读教程下册教案电子版2.docx

研究生英语阅读教程下册教案电子版2.docx

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研究生英语阅读教程下册教案电子版2

 UnitSeven:

TheVirtuesofAmbition

JosephEpstein

ExplanationoftheText

1.defineitandyouinstantlyrevealagreatdealaboutyourself:

thewayyoupersonallydefineambitionwilltellalotaboutyou,yourdreams,yourdesire,yourvalues,yourphilosophy,etc.revealv.:

makeknownsomethingthatwaspreviouslysecretorhiddene.g.Herevealedthathehadbeeninprisontwicebefore.Hisbiographyrevealedthatshewasnotasrichaseveryonethought.Theselettersrevealedhimasanhonestman.

2.giveitselfaway:

revealitselfgiveoneself/someoneaway:

revealoneself/someone;showone'srealselfsecrete.g.Theswindlergavehimselfawaywhenhewasaskedtoestablishhisidentity.Shereallylikeshimandthinksnooneknows,butthelookonherfacewhenImentionedhisnamegaveheraway.

3.assumesaheatincommensuratewithgoodsenseandstability:

takesonadesiredisproportionatetogoodsenseandstabilitybecommensuratewith/to:

matchsomethinginsize,quality,orlengthoftime;suitable相称的,相当的e.g.Thesalarywillbecommensuratewithage,experienceandposition.Hewasgivenajobcommensuratewithhisabilities.becommensurableto/with:

canbemeasuredbythesamestandardas相应的，匀称的e.g.Theirachievementsarenotcommensurabletotheirhardwork.

4.beambitiousforthepublicgood,forthealleviationofsuffering,fortheenlightenmentofmankind:

strivetobesuccessful,rich,powerful,etc.,inordertohelpthepublic,toeasehumansuffering,toenlightenmankind

5.Surelyambitionisbehinddreamsofglory:

Ambitionmakespossibledreamsofglory.Payattentiontothemeaningof"behind"inthefollowingsentences:

e.g.:

Iknewthatbehind（=hiddenby）hersmilewassadness.MarieCuriewasthewomanbehind（=responsiblefor）enormouschangesinthescienceofchemistry.Hewonderedwhatwasbehind（=thetruereasonfor）hisneighbor'ssuddenfriendliness.We'reallbehind（=insupportofyouinthisdecision.

6.distinctionn.:

1）classificationoftwoormore;acleardifferencebetweentwosimilarthings区分，区别e.g.Doothercountrieshavethesamedistinctionbetweenamateurandprofessional?

Lookatthemcloselywhentheyoccurseparatelyandthedistinctionbetweenthemisthenclear.2）qualityofexcellence;honor,markofrespect非凡，卓越e.g.Heisamanofdistinctioninhisowncountry.Ihadthegreatdistinctionofbeinginvitedtospeakattheconference.

 7.Whatlifedoeswithourdreamsandexpectations:

Whatwillactuallyhappentoourdreamsandexpectationsduringourlives.dowith:

getonwithsomebody;haveaconnectionwithsomething.e.g.:

Truthtotell,Idon'tknowhowtodowithhim.Theprogramhastodowithmentalillness.dowithout:

getalongwithout没有...也行e.g.AsOldLiisn'there,weshallhavetodowithouthim.

8.Theunpredictabilityoftheoutcomeofdreamsisnoreasontoceasedreaming:

Althoughtheoutcomeofdreamscannotbepredicted,oneshouldn'tstopdreaming.

 9.thesheerthing:

Thewordsheerisusedforemphasis,andthesheerthingmeansthesimple,purething.e.g.Thesuggestionissheernonsense.Theengine'ssheersizewouldmakeitdifficulttotransport.

10.somelargerpurposethanmerelyclamberingup:

areasontodomorethanmerelyclimbupsociallyormaterially

 11.prospectn.:

likelihood;somethingoneexpectse.g.Therewaslittleprospectofsignificantmilitaryaid.Successorfailureherewouldbecrucialtohisfutureprospects.SherejoicedattheprospectoftheChinatrip.

 12.Asdrunkshavedonetoalcohol,thesingle-mindedhavedonetoambition-givenitabadname:

Justaspeoplewhohavehadtoomuchalcoholhavegivenalcoholabadname,sopeoplewhohavehadonlyoneaim,togetwhattheythemselveswant,havegivenambitionabadname.

 13.Likeatasteforalcohol,too,ambitiondoesnotalwaysallowforeasysatiation:

Aswithpeoplewhoenjoythetasteofalcohol,itisverydifficultforambitiouspeopletobecomesatisfied,theyusuallywanttoobtainmoreandmore.Tasteheremeanspreference.satiatev.:

（usu.passive）completelysatisfy（oneselforone'sneeds）e.g.Hedrankgreedilyuntilhisthirstwassatiated.Thecompanycanhardlyproduceenoughofthesetoystosatiatepublicdemand.

14.drivingambitionunderthecounter:

forcingambitiontobecomesecretandhidden

underthecounter:

secretly;illegallye.g.handlebusinessunderthecounter;Thebannedbookwassoldunderthecounter.Atleastoneofmyownnovelshastobesoldunderthecounterasthoughitwerewhisky.（...好像私下里卖whisky似的）

 15.Theambitiousindividual,farfromidentifyinghimselfandhisfortuneswiththegroup,wishestoriseaboveit:

Anambitiouspersondoesnotwanttobepartofagroup,buthewishestoprogressandoutdistanceit.Farfrom:

notatalle.g.Thenewspaperaccountsarefarfrom（being）true.Hewasfarfromtheattainmentofhisobject.Itisn'tfarfromthetruth.Farfromeye,farfromheart.眼不见，心不想。

identify...with:

equatewith;associateoneselfwith等同，联系e.g.IfIprotestedhewouldatonceidentifymewithhisfather.Itisamistaketoidentifyartwithlife.Shehasalwaysbeenidentifiedwiththeradicalleft.Ididn'tenjoythemoviebecauseIcouldn'tidentifywithanyofthecharacters.（Ididn'tenjoythemoviebecauseIfeltunabletoshareorunderstandthesituationorfeelingsofanyofthecharacters.）

16.arguethosepossessedbyitintobelieving:

persuadethosewhoarecontrolledbyambitiontobelieveargue...into:

persuadetodosomethinge.g.:

Theyarguedhimintoadoptionoftheplan.Youwanttoarguemeintoagreeingyourproposal?

possessvt.:

controle.g.I'mabsolutelydreadingmakingtheafter-dinnerspeech-Idon'tknowwhatpossessedmetoagreetoit.possessed（by）a.:

obsessed（with）e.g.Sheispossessedbyherdrivetogetintothebestcollege.Ifyoubehavelikesomeonepossessed,youbehaveinawildanduncontrolledmanner（oftenassociatedwithanevilspirit）sothatotherpeopledon'tunderstandyou.

17.adog-eat-dogworld:

aworldthatisverycompetitiveoraverycompetitiveworldwheretheweakarethepreyofthestrong

18.theyaredistinguishedbywantingtobethedogsthatdotheeating:

whatmakesthemdifferentisthattheywanttocomeoutontopinthecompetition

 19.Fromhereitisbutashorthopbelieve:

Fromthispoint,itiseasytothink...but:

only,just（Itcanalsobeusedtogiveforcetoastatement.）e.g.She'sbutayounggirl!

Everyone,buteveryone,willbethere.

 20.throughcorruption:

bydishonestandillegalmeans

 21.highplaces:

highpositions

 22.onambition'sbehalf:

becauseofambitiononsomeone'sbehalf（onbehalfofsomeone）:

becauseof;representing;forthesakeofe.g.Pleasedon'tleaveonmybehalf.Onbehalfofthecompanyasawhole,Iwouldliketothankyouforallyourwork.Unfortunately,GeorgecannotbewithustodaysoIampleasedtoacceptthisawardonhisbehalf.

 23.notleast:

（usu.nottheleast）especiallye.g.Thepresident'sspeecheswerealarming,not（the）leasttothecountry'sallies.nottheleast/notintheleast/nottheleastbit:

noneatall;notatalle.g.Shedidn'tseemtheleastbitworried.

 24.Thereisaheavynoteofhypocrisyinthis:

Thesituationisfilledwithhypocrisy.anoteof:

showingsomeone'sthinkingandfeelingbythewaytheirvoicesounds口气，特征e.g.anoteofanger/jealousy/anxiety

25.Certainlypeopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessanditsaccoutrementsnowthanformerly:

Certainlypeoplenowseemasmuchinterestedinsuccessandthecomfortsthatcomewithitasbefore.accoutrement:

（usuallyinpl）equipment

 26.lesttheybethoughtpushing,acquisitive,vulgar:

inorderthattheynotbethoughtambitious,greedyill-mannered,lest:

incase;inorderthat...note.g.:

I'llbekindtoherlestshedecidetoleaveme.

 27.Insteadwearetreatedtofinepharisaicalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:

Weseemorehypocriticalexamplesnowthanever.treat...to:

supply...with...e.g.Ishalltreatmyselftoagoodweekendholiday.JohntreatedLindatothetheaterwhentheymetfirsttime.Iofferedtotreatyoutodinner.treatn.:

aspecialevent;somethingpleasante.g.GrannytookusforteaatLyonsConnerHouseasaspecialtreat.AmealathomecameasarealtreatafteralltheinstitutionalfoodI'vebeenhaving.

 28.quarter:

findlodging

 29.inallphasesoflife:

inallstagesoflife

30.itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive,wheretheyarenotextremelyunattractive:

Publicdefendersofambitionarefew.Inthecaseswheretheyarenotextremelyrepulsive,theyareunimpressive.whereconj.:

Itcanbeusedtointroduceaclausethatcontrastswiththeotherpartofthesentence.e.g.Wheremostpeoplesawnothingbutahardenedcriminal,Johnsawalonelyanddesperateman.

 31.Asaresult,thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse,aqualitytobeadmiredandinculcatedintheyoung,isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates:

Asaresult,supportforambitionasarespectedvaluetobetaughttoyouthislowerthaneverintheUS.inculcate...in/intosomebodye.g.:

inculcateyoungpeoplethedutyofloyality

 32.atanend:

finishede.g.Thislatestinjurymustsurelymeanthathertenniscareerisnowatanend.

 33.itsstirringsandpromoting:

itsstimulationandencouragement

34.aswitnesstheblatantpratingsofitscontemporarypromoters:

asshownintheoffensiveongoingidletalkofitscurrentsponsors.

35.getoninlife:

besuccessfulinlife

 36.distrustfulofambition:

suspiciousabout/ofambitionbedistrustfulof:

besuspiciousaboute.g.Iwasdistrustfulofhismotives.

37.weretoblamefor:

wereresponsiblefor;werethereasonfore.g.:

Thehotweatherispartlytoblameforthewatershortag