高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练附答案.docx

高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练附答案.docx

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高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练附答案

2020年高考英语阅读理解科普环保类专练（附答案）

一、阅读理解（共10题；共82分）

1.阅读理解

   Waterisveryimportanttolivingthings.Withoutwatertherecanbenolifeontheearth.Allanimalsandplantsneedwater.Manalsoneedswater.Weneedwatertodrink,tocookourfoodandtocleanourselves.Waterisneededinoffices,factoriesandschools.Waterisneededeverywhere.

   Thereiswaterinseas,riversandlakes.Waterisfoundalmosteverywhere.Eveninthedesertpartoftheworld,thereissomewaterintheair.Youcan'tseeorfeelitwhenitisapartoftheair.Thewaterintheseas,riversandlakesisaliquid,thewaterintheairisagas,andwecallitwatervapor（蒸汽）.

   Cloudsaremadeofwater.Theymaybemadeofverysmalldropsofwater.Theymayalsobemadeofsnowcrystals（结晶体）.Snowcrystalsareverysmallcrystalsofice.Iceisfrozenwater.Itisasolid.Therecanbesnowandiceeverywhereinwinter.

   Watermaybeasolidoraliquidoragas.Whenitisasolid,itmaybeashardasastone.Whenitisaliquid,youcandrinkit.Whenitisagas,youcannotseeorfeelit.

（1）Wherecanwefindwater?

A. Wecanfindwaterwhenitturnsintovapor.       

B. Watercanbefoundalmosteverywhere.

C. Wecanfindwaterindesertshereandthere.     

D. Waterisfoundonlyinseasandrivers.

（2）Cloudsaremadeof      .

A. seas,riversandlakes                                        

B. blocksofice

C. solid,liquidandgas                                         D. verysmalldropsofwaterorsnowcrystals

（3）Waterhasthreestates（状态）                       .

A. ice,snowandair                                     

B. solid,vapor,snow

C. solid,liquidandgas                               

D. dropsofwater,blocksoficeandcrystalsofwater

（4）Wecandrinkwaterwhenitis     .

A. aliquid                         

B. asolid                         

C. intheair                         

D. turnedintoice

2.阅读理解

   Wordsandthewayweusethemofferararewindowonsocialandculturaltrends.KoryStamperandPeterSokolowskiknowthatbetterthanmost.

   TheMerriam-Webster（韦氏词典）lexicographers（词典编纂者）arepartofateamthateditsthedictionary.Inarecentinterview,SokolowskiandStampertalkedabouttheirjobandwhatthewayweusewordssaysaboutuscollectively.

   Sotoknowmoreaboutthem,observersofthelanguage,maybeweshouldstartwithsomebackground.

   Whatisalexicographer?

   Sokolowski:

Alexicographerisapersonwhowritesoreditsadictionary.Thejobofadictionaryeditoristoprepareandpresentresearchaboutlanguage.Oneofourformereditors-in-chiefsaid,"Tellthetruthaboutwords,"andthatsumsitupforme.

   Whatdoyouguysdoallday?

   Stamper:

Thetwomaindutiesofalexicographerarereadinganddefining.Wereadeverything:

books,journals,blogs,phonebooks,take-outmenus,andsoon.Whatwe'relookingforarewordsthatcatchoureye.Werecordthecontextofthesewordsandinformationaboutthesources.Thoserecordsareaddedtoadatabase,andtheyaretherawmaterialweuseinwritingdefinitions.

   Whenwearewritingorrevisingadictionary,mostofourtimeisspentdefining.Wedefineawordaccordingtohowitisusedintherecordedcontext,decidingwhethertheusagehasbeencoveredbyourdictionary.Oncethisisdone,youlookatthenewwordsandnewsensesanddraftadefinition.

   Draftingdefinitionsrequiressometraining,someexperienceandalotofconcentration.It'svery,veryquietontheeditorialfloor.

   Howcloselydothemostlooked-upwordsonyouronlinedictionaryseemtoberelatedtothenewsortrends?

   Stamper:

Whenourdictionarywentonlinebackin1996,wecouldseeforthefirsttimewhichwerethemostlooked-upwordsinEnglish:

Affect,effectandubiquitouswerethetopwords.Itwasfascinatingtousdictionaryeditorsspendsomuchtimewritingdefinitionsbutnevercouldhaveknownifanyoneeverreadthem.Wecouldfollowwhatpeoplewerethinkingaboutaccordingtowhatwordstheywerelookingup.Thankstoouronlinedictionary,wehaddata.

（1）Whatdolexicographersdo?

A. Theycollectasmanywordsastheycanandeditthemintoadictionary.

B. Theyinterviewasmanypeopleastheycantocollectnewwords.

C. Theydoresearchaboutlanguageandeditthetruthaboutwords.

D. Theymakedeepstudiesofsocialandculturaltrends.

（2）What'sthefunctionoflexicographers'recordsduringtheirreading?

A. Therecordsshowhowlargethedictionaryis.

B. Therecordscontainwhatkindofthingstheyread.

C. Therecordsarethemainthingstoaddtothedatabase.

D. Therecordsoffertherawmaterialtotheeditors.

（3）Whichofthefollowingisthecorrectorderofalexicographerdefiningaword?

a.Writeadraftofthedefinition.

b.Concludetheusageoftheword.

c.Payattentiontothenewwordsandnewsenses.

d.Decidewhethertheusagehasbeencovered.

A. adbc                                   

B. dbac                                   

C. bdca                                   

D. cbda

（4）Whatdoesthispassagemainlytalkabout?

A. Observersofthelanguage.                             

B. Processofmakingadictionary.

C. Developmentoflanguage.                             

D. Experienceofeditingnewwords.

3.阅读理解

   Iloveourkitchen.It'soneofthemostusedpartsofourhome.About9yearsagoweupdatedourkitchenandgotallnewcollections.AtthetimeIdidn'treallydoalotofresearchonthefunctionsoftheequipmentandIreallywishIhad.ThereweresomanydifferentchoicesonthemarketandIendedupbuyingsomethatIdidn'treallylikeallthatmuchandnowthatit'stimetoupdatethemagain,I'llbemorecarefulwiththeonesIchoose.

   I'vehadmyeyeonKitchenAidforawhile,especiallythenewKitchenAidequipmentatBestBuy.ThenewKitchenAidequipmentatBestBuyhasacook-likequalitywithoutthepremiumpricethatyoumightexpecttopay,soitwon'tcostyouafortune.Theequipmenthasaprofessionallyinspireddesignthatisaperfectbalanceofgoodtasteandfunctionality.

   WiththenewKitchenAidequipmentyouwillfindcookingmoreoptionalandflexible,whichcontributestoyouramazingperformancewhilepreparingameal.Itsfive-doorfridgeoffersorganizedstorageandeasieraccesstofood.

   IlovethesenewcollectionsandIcan'tthinkofabettertimetoupdateyourkitchenthanrightnow,becausewhenyoubuynowatBestBuyyouwillget18monthsfinancingor5%rewardsonmajorequipmentandfreedeliveryonpurchasesover$399.TolearnmoreabouthowtotransformyourkitchenwiththenewKitchenAidcollections,besuretovisitBestB.

（1）Whatistheauthor'sregretforherlastupdateofthekitchen?

A. Shedidn'tbuythelatestequipment.

B. Shespentlittletimestudyinghowtheywork.

C. Shepurchasedsomethingshedidn'tlikeatall.

D. Shedidn'tmakefulluseofthekitchen.

（2）Theunderlinedword"premium"inparagraph2canbestbereplacedby_____.

A. favorable                            

B. reasonable                            

C. high                            

D. special

（3）WhyistheauthormostimpressedbytheproductsofKitchenAidequipment?

A. Theycansaveelectricity.                                  B. Thefridgehasalargestorage.

C. Thepriceisverylow.                                        

D. Theymakecookingeasy.

（4）Whatisthepurposeofthistext?

A. Torecommendsomekitchenequipment.      B. Tointroduceawebsite.

C. Tocomparepricesofsomegoods.                 

D. Todescribeafridge.

4.阅读理解

   Weallknowthatlisteningtomusiccansootheemotionalpain,butTaylorSwift,Jay-ZandAliciaKeyscanalsoeasephysicalpain,accordingtoastudyofchildrenandteenagerswhohadmajorsurgery.

   Theresearchwascarriedoutbecauseofaverypersonalexperience.SunithaSureshwasacollegestudentwhenhergrandmotherhadmajorsurgeryandwasputinintensivecare（重症监护）.Thismeantherfamilycouldn'talwaysbewithher.TheydecidedtoputherfavoritemusiconaniPodsoshecouldlistenaroundtheclock.

   Itwasverycalming,Sureshsays.“Sheknewthatsomeonewholovedherhadleftthatmusicforherandshewasinafamiliarplace.”

   Sureshcouldseethatthemusicrelaxedhergrandmotherandmadeherfeellessanxious,butshewonderedifshealsofeltlesspain.Thatwouldmakesense,becauseanxietycanmakepeoplemoresensitivetopain.AtthetimeSureshwasmajoringinbiomedicalengineeringwithaminor（兼修）inmusiccognition（认知）atNorthwesternUniversitywhereherfather,SanthanamSuresh,isaprofessorofpediatrics（儿科）.

   Sothefatheranddaughterdecidedtodoastudy.AndsinceDrSureshworkswithchildren,theydecidedtolookathowmusicchosenbythechildrenthemselvesmightaffecttheirtoleranceforpain.

   Itwasasmallstudy,involving60patientsbetween9and14yearsold.Allthepatientswereundergoingbigoperationsthatrequiredthemtostayinthehospitalforatleastacoupleofdays.Rightaftersurgery,patientsreceivednarcotics（麻醉药）tocontrolpain.Thenextdaytheyweredividedintothreegroups.Onegroupheard30minutesofmusicoftheirchoice,oneheard30minutesofstoriesoftheirchoiceandonelistenedto30minutesofsilencevianoisecancelingheadphones.

   Aftera30-minutesession,thechildrenwholistenedtomusicorbooksreducedtheirpainburdenby1pointona10-pointscale.SunithaSureshsaysit'sequaltotakinganover-the-counterpainmedicationlikeAdvilorTylenol.

   Thefindingssuggestthatdoctorsmaybeabletouselesspainmedicationfortheirpediatricpatients.Andthat'sagoodthing,saysS