高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解2.docx

高考英语二轮复习 科普环保类阅读理解2.docx

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高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解2

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习科普环保类阅读理解

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xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类

Mosquitoeshaveanextraordinaryabilitytotargethumansfarawayandflystraighttotheirunprotectedskin.Regrettably，mosquitoescandomorethancauseanitchy（发痒的）wound.Somemosquitoesspreadseveralseriousdiseases，includingDengue，yellowfeverand malaria.

Overonemillionpeopleworldwidediefromthesediseaseseachyear.Newresearchnow  showshowmosquitoeschoosewhotobite.

Mosquitoesneedbloodtosurvive.Theyareattractedtohumanskinandbreath.Theysmellthecarbondioxidegas，whichallmammalsbreatheout.Thisgasisthemainwayformosquitoestoknowthatawarm-bloodedcreatureisnearby.

Butmosquitoesalsousetheireyesandsenseoftouch.MichaelDickinsonisaprofessorattheCaliforniaInstituteofTechnology.Hisresearchshowshowthesesmallinsects，withevensmallerbrains，usethreesensestofindabloodmeal.

MichaelDickinson’steamusedplumes—amaterialthatrisesintotheairofcarbondioxidegasintoawindtunnel.Theythenusedcamerastorecordthemosquitoes.Theinsectsfollowedtheplume.

Then，thescientistsplaceddarkobjectsonthelighter coloredfloorandwallsofthe tunnel.Mr.Dickinsonsaid，atfirst，themosquitoesshowednointerestintheobjectsatall.     “Whatwasquitestrikingandquitesurprisingisthatthemosquitoesflybackandforthforhours.Thesearehungryfemalesandtheypletelyignoretheobjectsonthefloorandwallofthetunnel.ButthemomenttheygetahitofCO2，theychangetheirbehaviorquiteobviouslyandnowwouldbeeattractedtotheselittlevisualblobs（斑点）.”

Thissuggestedtotheresearchersthatamosquito’ssenseofsmellismoreimportantinthesearchforfood.Oncemosquitoescatchasmellofahuman oranimal，theyalsofollow visualsignals.

【小题1】Whatdomosquitoesmainlyusetofindtheirtargets?

A．Senseofsmell.B．Senseoftouch.

C．Senseofsight.D．Smartbrains.

【小题2】Thefirstresponseofthemosquitoestotheobjectsintheexperimentis     .

A．toflytothedarkones

B．tocatchandsticktothem

C．totakenonoticeofthem

D．toattachthemselvestothem

【小题3】Howcanweavoidbeingattackedbymosquitoesaccordingtothetext?

A．Don’tletthemseeus.

B．Usedarkobjectstostopthem.

C．Makethemflybackandforthforhours.

D．Attractthemtoobjectsfullofcarbondioxidegas.

【小题4】Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?

A．HowDoMosquitoesSurvive?

B．WhyDoMosquitoesNeedBlood?

C．HowDoMosquitoesChoosetoBiteYou?

D．WhyDoMosquitoesAttacktheHumanBeing?

xx高考英语阅读练习——科普环保类

Thewaywecookisimportant.Inmanycountries,thetwosourcesofheatusedforcookingarenaturalgasorelectricstoves.TheWorldHealthOrganization（WHO）warnsthatmillionsofpeoplearedyingeveryyearfromindoorairpollution.TheWHOfindsthatpoorcooking,heatingandlightingtechnologiesarekillingmillionsofpeopleeachyear.

Indoorairpollutionresultsfromtheuseofdangerousfuelsandcookstovesinthehome.WHOofficialssaynearlythreebillionpeopleareunabletousecleanfuelsandtechnologiesforcooking,heatingandlighting.Andtheysaymorethansevenmillionpeoplediefromexposuretoindoororoutdoorairpollutioneachyear.Ofthatnumber,theWHOsaysabout4.3millionpeoplediefromhouseholdairpollutiongivenoff bysimplebiomass（生物燃料）andcoalstoves.

Thesefindingsshowthatthehomeuseofpoisonousfuelsistoblameformanyofthesedeaths.Thesefuelsincludewood,coal,animalwasteandsoon.CarlosDoraisCoordinatorintheWHO’sDepartmentofPublicHealth,EnvironmentalandSocialDeterminantsofHealth.Hesayspeopleshouldnotuseunprocessedcoalandkerosene（煤油）fuelindoors.Hesaysopeningawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulairwillnotcorrectthesituation.Itwillonlypollutetheoutdoors.“Newtechnologiesandcleanfuelscanridpeopleofthisproblem.”

TheUnitedNationsfoundthatmorethan95percentoffamiliesinsub-SaharanAfricadependonsolidfuelsforcooking.ItsayshugepopulationsinIndia,ChinaandLatinAmericancountries,suchasGuatemalaandPeru,arealsoatrisk.

NigelBruceisaprofessorofPublicHealthattheUniversityofLiverpool.Hesaysresearchersaredevelopinggoodstovesandotherequipmenttoburnfuelsinamoreefficientway.“Therearealreadymanytechnologiesforcleanfuelsavailablenow.Aneffectiveandreasonablylow-costethanol（酒精）stovethatismadebyDometic（aSweden-basedpany）isnowbeingtestedout.Anotherinterestingdevelopmentiselectricinductionstoves.”InIndia,youcanbuyaninductionstoveforabout$8.AndinAfricayoucanbuyasolarlampforlessthan$1.

【小题1】HowisParagraph2mainlydeveloped?

A．Bymakingclassifications.B．Bylistingnumbers.

C．Byfollowingtimeorder.D．Bydescribingaprocess.

【小题2】AccordingtoCarlosDora,whatisthebestsolutiontoindoorairpollution?

A．Peopleshoulduseaneffectiveaircleaner.

B．Peopleshouldusenewtechnologiesandcleanfuels.

C．Peopleshouldopenawindowordoortoletouttheharmfulair.

D．Peopleshouldpreventthemselvesfrombeingexposedtoharmfulair..

【小题3】Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A．Mostofthedeathsfromindoorpollutionareindevelopingcountries.

B．Burningsolidfuelscanhelplimitindoorairpollution.

C．PeoplecanbuyethanolstovesmadebyDometicinIndia.

D．Therearealreadytwotechnologiesforcleanfuelsavailableforuse.

【小题4】Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A．Thewaywecookischanging.

B．Causeofindoorairpollution.

C．Thedevelopmentofelectricstoves.

D．Indoorairpollutionkillsmillionseachyear.

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

（xx·重庆，B）

Oneofthegreatestgiftsonegenerationcangivetoothergenerationsisthewisdomithasgainedfromexperience.ThisideahasinspiredtheawardwinningphotographerAndrewZuckerman.Heinterviewedandtookphotosoffiftyoversixtyfiveyearoldsallovertheworld.Hisprojectexploresvariousaspectsoftheirlives.Thephotosandinterviewsarenowavailableonourwebsite.

Clickontheintroductionstoreadthepleteinterviews.

Letusnowhaveacultureofpeace.

—FedericoMayorZaragoza,Spain

FedericoMayorZaragozaobtainedadoctorateinpharmacy（药学）fromtheplutenseUniversityofMadridin1958.Aftermanyyearsspentinpolitics,hebecameDirectorGeneralofUNESCOin1987.In1999,hecreatedtheFoundationforaCultureofPeace,ofwhichheisnowthepresident.Inadditiontomanyscientificpublications,hehaspublishedfourcollectionsofpoemsandseveralbooksofessays.

Writingisadiscovery.

—NadineGordimer,SouthAfrica

Duetoaweakheart,NadineGordimerattendedschoolanduniversitybriefly.Shereadwidelyandbeganwritingatanearlyage.Shepublishedherfirstshortstoryattheageoffifteen,andhaspletedalargenumberofworks,whichhavebeentranslatedintofortylanguages.In1991,GordimerwontheNobelPrizeforLiterature.

Jazzisabouttheonlyformofarttoday.

—DaveBrubeck,USA

DaveBrubeckstudiedmusicattheUniversityofthePacificandgraduatedin1942.AfterWorldWarTwohewasencouragedtoplayjazz.In1951,herecordedhisfirstalbum（专辑）.Brubeck's1959albumhasbeco

meajazzstandard.HereceivedaGrammyLifetimeAchievementAwardin1996.

FormorefiguresCLICKHERE.

文章大意：

一代人可能传给下一代的就是他们在生活中获得的宝贵的人生经验，因此AndrewZuckerman把50多岁的人选作他项目的主体。

本文通过几个例子让大家更好的了解这一项目。

5．WhydidAndrewZuckermanchoosethefiftyeldersforhisproject?

A．Becausetheirwisdomdeservestobepassedon.

B．Becausetheyarephysicallyimpressive.

C．Becausetheiracplishmentsinspiredhim.

D．Becausetheyhavesimilarexperiences.

答案：

A　细节理解题。

由文章第一句话Oneofthegreatestgiftsonegenerationcangiveothergenerationsisthewisdomithasgainedfromexperience可知，AndrewZuckerman为他的项目选择50多岁的人是因为他们的人生经验值得一代代往下传。

故A项正确。

6．Accordingtothewebpage,FedericoMayorZaragoza______.

A．haswonmanyawardsforhisworkinpolitics

B．hasservedasthepresidentofauniversity

C．hasdevotedallhislifetothefieldofscience

D．hasmadeachievementsindifferentareas

答案：

D　推理判断题。

由文章的第一则采访可知，Zaragoza在医学、政治、文化、科学、文学方面都有不凡的成就，因此D项正确。

7．Whomostprobablysaid“Myeducationhasbeenthelibraryandbooks”intheinterviewwhenreflectingonhis/herexperience?

A．AndrewZuckerman.

B．FedericoMayorZaragoza.

C．NadineGordimer.

D．DaveBrubeck.

答案：

C　推理判断题。

由上面几则采访可以看出，一生致力于写作的是NadineGordimer，故C项正确。

8．Whatisthemainpurposeofthiswebpage?

A．ToshowZuckerman'sawards.

B．TopublicizeZuckerman'sproject.

C．Tospreadthewisdomofthethreepeople.

D．Tocelebratetheachievementsofthethreepeople.

答案：

B　主旨大意题。

本文主要向读者介绍Andrew的Zuckerman项目，然后举了其中几个例子，为的是让大家更多地了解他的项目，故B项正确。

阅读下列短文,从给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中,选出最佳选项。

（xx·四川，D）

Hometomemeansasenseoffamiliarityandnostalgia（怀旧）.It'sfuntoehome.Itlooksthesame.Itsmellsthesame.You'llrealizewhat'schangedisyou.Homeiswherewecanrememberpain,love,andsomeotherexperiences:

Wepartedhere;Myparentsmethere;Iwonthreechampionshipshere.

IfIclosemyeyes,Icanstillhaveaclearpictureinmindofmyfirsthome.Iwalkinthedoorandseeabrownsofasurroundingalowglasstopwoodentable.Totherightofthelivingroomismyfirstbedroom.It'sempty,butit'swheremyearliestmemoriesare.

ThereisthediningroomtablewhereIcelebratedbirthdays,andwhereIcriedonHalloween—whenIdidn'twanttoweartheskirtmymothermadeforme.Ialwayslikedstandingonthattablebecauseitmademefeeltallandstrong.IfIsitatthetable,Icanseemyfavoriteroominthehouse,myparents'room.Itissimple:

abrownwoodendresserlinestherightsideofthewallnexttoatelevisionandacoupleofphoto