大学英语四级真题及解析完整版.docx

大学英语四级真题及解析完整版.docx

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大学英语四级真题及解析完整版

2016年6月大学英语四级真题及解析完整版

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

Physicalactivitydoesthebodygood,andthere?

growingevideneethatithelpsthebraintoo.

ResearchersintheNetherlandsreportthatchildrenwhogetmoreexercise,whetheratschoolor

ontheirown,26tohavehigherGPAsandbetterscoresonstandardizedtests.Ina27of

14studiesthatlookedatphysicalactivityandacademic28,investigatorsfoundthatthemore

childrenmoved,thebettertheirgradeswereinschool,29inthebasicsubjectsofmath,

Englishandreading.

Thedatawillcertainlyfueltheongoingdebateoverwhetherphysicaleducationclasses

shouldbecutasschoolsstruggleto30onsmallerbudgets.Theargumentsagainstphysical

educationhaveincludedconcernsthatgymtimemaybetakingawayfromstudytime.WithstandardizedtestscoresintheU.S.31inrecentyears,someadministratorsbelieve

studentsneedtospendmoretimeintheclassroominsteadofontheplayground.Butasthesefindingsshow,exerciseandacademicsmaynotbe32exclusive.Physicalactivitycan

improveblood33tothebrain,fuelingmemory,attentionandcreativity,whichare34to

learning.Andexercisereleaseshormonesthatcanimprove35andrelievestress,whichcan

alsohelplearning.Sowhileitmayseemasifkidsarejustexercisingtheirbodieswhenthey?

e

runningaround,theymayactuallybeexercisingtheirbrainsaswell.

注意：

此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）attendance

B）consequently

C）current

D）depressing

E）dropping

F）essential

G）feasible

H）flow

I）mood

J）mutually

K）particularly

L）performanee

M）review

N）survive

O）tend

SectionB

Directions:

Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.

Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet

[A]

—amoment

WhenyourelderlyrelativeneedstoentersomesortofIong-termcarefacility

fewparentsorchildrenapproachwithoutfear—whatyouwouldlikeistohaveeverythingmade

clear.

[B]Doesassistedlivingreallymarkagreatimprovementoveranursinghome,orhasthe

industrysimplyhiredbetterinteriordesigners?

Arenursinghomesasbadaspeoplefear,oristhatanout-modedstereotype（固定看法）?

Candoingone?

homeworkreallysteerfamiliestothebestplaces?

Itisgenuinelyhardtoknow.

[C]Iamabouttomakethingsmorecomplicatedbysuggestingthatwhatkindoffacilityanolderpersonlivesinmaymatterlessthanwehaveassumed.Andthatthecharacteristicsadultchildrenlookforwhentheybeginthesearcharenotnecessarilythethingsthatmakeadifferencetothepeoplewhoaregoingtomovein.Iamnottalkingaboutthequalityofcare,letmehastilyadd.Nobodyflourishesinagloomyenvironmentwithirresponsiblestaffandapoorsafetyrecord.Butanaccumulatingbodyofresearchindicatesthatsomedistinctionsbetweenonetypeofeldercareandanotherhavelittlerealbearingonhowwellresidentsdo.

[D]Themostrecentofthesestudies,publishedinThejournalofAppliedGerontology,surveyed150Connecticutresidentsofassistedliving,nursinghomesandsmallerresidentialcarehomes（knowninsomestatesasboardandcarehomesoradultcarehomes）.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofConnecticutHealthCenteraskedtheresidentsalargenumberofquestionsabouttheirqualityoflife,emotionalwell-beingandsocialinteraction,aswellasaboutthequalityofthefacilities.

[E]Wethoughtwewouldseedifferencesbasedonthehousingtypes,”saidtheleadauthor

?

?

ofthestudy,JulieRobison,anassociateprofessorofmedicineattheuniversity.Areasonableassumption—don?

familiesstruggletoavoidnursinghomesandsufferrealguiltiftheycan

[F]Intheinitialresults,assistedlivingresidentsdidpaintthemostpositivepicture.Theywerelesslikelytoreportsymptomsofdepressionthanthoseintheotherfacilities,forinstanee,andlesslikelytobeboredorIonely.Theyscoredhigheronsocialinteraetion.

[G]Butwhentheresearcherspluggedinanumberofothervariables,suchdifferences

disappeared.Itisnotthehousingtype,theyfound,thatcreatesdifferencesinresidents?

responses.ftisthecharacteristicsofthespecificenvironmenttheyarein,combinedwiththeir

ownpersonalcharacteristics—howhealthytheyfeeltheyare,theirageandmaritalstatus,”Dr.Robisonexplained.Whetherresidentsfeltinvolvedinthedecisiontomoveandhowlongtheyhadlivedtherealsoprovedsignificant.

[H]Anelderlypersonwhodescribesherselfasinpoorhealth,therefore,mightbenolessdepressedinassistedliving（evenifherchildrenpreferredit）thaninanursinghome.Apersonwhobadinputintowherehewouldmoveandhashadtimetoadapttoitmightdoaswellinanursinghomeasinasmallresidentialcarehome,otherfactorsbeingequal.Itisaninteractionbetweenthepersonandtheplace,notthesortofplaceinitself,thatleadstobetterorworseexperiences.

Youcan?

justsay,,Let?

sputthispersoninaresidentialcarehomeinsteadofanursinghomeshewillbemuchbetteroff,”Dr.Robisonsaid.Whatmatters,sheadded,isacombinationof

whatpeoplebringinwiththem,andwhattheyfindthere.”

[I]Suchfindings,whichruncountertocommonsense,havesurfacedbefore.Inamulti-statestudyofassistedliving,forinstanee,UniversityofNorthCarolinaresearchersfoundthatahostofvariables—thefacility?

type,sizeorage;whetherachainownedit;howattractivethe

neighborhoodwas——hadnosignificantrelationshiptohowtheresidentsfaredintermsofillness,mentaldecline,hospitalizationsormortality.Whatmatteredmostwastheresidents?

physical

healthandmentalstatus.Whatpeoplewerelikewhentheycameinhadgreaterconsequeneethanwhathappenedonetheywerethere.

[J]AsIwasconsideringallthis,apressreleasefromarespectedresearchfirmcrossedmydesk,announcingthatthefive-starratingsystemthatMedicaredevelopedin2008tohelpfamiliescomparenursinghomequalityalsohaslittlerelationshiptohowsatisfieditsresidentsortheirfamilymembersare.Asamatteroffact,consumersexpressedhighersatisfactionwiththe

one-starfacilities,thelowestrated,thanwiththefive-starones.（Moreonthisstudyandthestarratingswillappearinasubsequentpost.）

[K]Beforewecollectivelytearourhairout—howarewesupposedtofindourwayina

Iandscapethisconfusing?

—hereisathoughtfromDr.PhilipSloane,ageriatrician（老年病学专

家）attheUniversityofNorthCarolina:

Inaway,thatcouldbeliberatingforfamilies.”

[L]Ofcourse,sonsanddaughterswanttovisitthefacilities,talktotheadministratorsandresidentsandotherfamilies,anddoeverythingpossibletofulfilltheirduties.Butperhapstheydon

thavetoturnthemselvesintoprivateinvestigatorsorCongressionalsubcommittees.Families

canlookabitmoreforwheretheresidentsaregoingtobehappy，”Dr.Sloanesaid.And

involvingthefutureresidentintheprocesscanbeveryimportant.

[M]Weallhaveourownideasaboutwhatwouldbringourparentshappiness.Theyhavetheirideas,too.Afriendrecentlytookhermothertovisitanexpensiveassistedliving/nursinghome

nearmytown.Ihaveseenthisplace—itiselegant,insideandout.Butnobodygreetedthe

daughterandmotherwhentheyarrived,thoughthevisithadbeenplanned;nobodyintroducedthemtotheotherresidents.Whentheyhadlunchinthediningroom,theysataloneatatable.

[N]Thedaughterfearedhermotherwouldbeignoredthere,andsoshedecidedtomoveherintoamorewelcomingfacility.Basedonwhatisemergingfromsomeofthisresearch,thatmighthavebeenasrationalawayasanytoreachadecision.

36.Manypeoplefeelguiltywhentheycannotfindaplaceotherthananursinghomefortheirparents.

37.Thoughithelpsforchildrentoinvestigatecarefacilities,involvingtheirparentsinthedecision-makingprocessmayproveveryimportant.

38.ltisreallydifficulttotellifassistedlivingisbetterthananursinghome.

39.Howaresidentfeelsdependsonaninteractionbetweenthemselvesandthecarefacilitytheylivein.

40.Theauthorthinksherfriendmadearationaldecisioninchoosingamorehospitableplaceoveranapparentlyelegantassistedlivinghome.

41.ThesystemMedicaredevelopedtoratenursinghomequalityisoflittlehelptofindingasatisfactoryplace.

42.Atfirsttheresearchersofthemostrecentstudyfoundresidentsinassistedlivingfacilitiesgavehigherscoresonsocialinteraction.

43.Whatkindofcarefacilityoldpeopleliveinmaybelessimportantthanwethink.

44.Thefindingsofthelatestresearchweresimilartoanearliermulti-statestudyofassistedliving.

45.Aresident?

satisfactionwithacarefacilityhasmuchtodowithwhethertheyhadparticipate