英语翻译高级笔译.docx

英语翻译高级笔译.docx

《英语翻译高级笔译.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《英语翻译高级笔译.docx（27页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

英语翻译高级笔译

英语翻译高级笔译：

2021英语翻译资格考试模拟试题

（2）

英语翻译高级笔译：

2010英语翻译资格考试模拟试题

（2）

　SECTION2:

READINGTEST

　　Directions:

Inthissectionyouwillreadseveralpassages.Eachoneisfollowedbyseveralquestionsaboutit.YouaretochooseONEbestanswer,（A）,（B）,（C）or（D）,toeachquestion.AnswerallthequestionsfollowingeachpassageonthebasisofwhatisstatedorimpliedinthatpassageandwritetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceinyourANSWERBOOKLET.

　　Questions1-5

　　WhenHarveyBalltookablackfelt-tippentoapieceofyellowpaperin1963,henevercouldhaverealizedthathewasdraftingthefacethatwouldlaunch50millionbuttonsandaneventualwarovercopyright.Mr.Ball,acommercialartist,wassimplyfillingarequestfromJoyYoungoftheWorcesterMutualInsuranceCompanytocreateanimagefortheir"smilecampaign"tocoachemployeestobemorecongenialintheircustomerrelations.Itseemstherewasahungerforabrightgrin—theoriginalorderof100smiley-facebuttonsweresnatchedupandanorderfor10,000morewasplacedatonce.

　　TheWorcesterHistoricalMuseumtakesthisfoundingmomentseriously."Justasyou'dwanttoknowthebiographyofGeneralWashington,werealizedwedidn'tknowthecomprehensivehistoryoftheSmileyFace,"saysBillWallace,theexecutivedirectorofthehistoricalmuseumwheretheexhibit"Smiley—AnAmericanIcon"openstothepublicOct.6inWorcester,Mass.

　　Worcester,oftenreferredtobyneighboringBostoniansas"thatmanufacturingtownoffRoute90,"laysclaimtoseveralotherfamouscommercialfirsts,themonkeywrenchandshreddedwheatamongthem.SmileyFaceisaparticularlywarmspotinthecity'shistory.Throughacarefulhistoricalanalysis,Mr.WallacesaysthatwhiletheSmileyFacebirthplaceisundisputed,ittookseveralphasesofdistributionbeforethedistinctiverounded-tippedsmilewithoneeyeslightlylargerthantheotherproliferatedinthemainstream.

　　Astheoriginalbuttonsspreadlikedriftingpollenwithnocopyrightattached,abankinSeattlenextrealizeditscommercialpotential.UndertheguidanceofadvertisingexecutiveDavidStern,theUniversityFederalSavings&Loanlaunchedaverypublicmarketingcampaignin1967centeredontheSmileyFace.Iteventuallydistributed150,000buttonsalongwithpiggybanksandcoinpurses.OldphotosofthebankshowgiantSmileyFacewallpaper.

　　By1970,MurrayandBernardSpain,brotherswhoownedacardshopinPhiladelphia,wereaffixingtheyellowgrintoeverythingfromkeychainstocookiejarsalongwith"Haveahappyday.""Inthe1970s,therewasatrendtowardhappiness,"saysWallace."Wehadassassinatedapresident,wewereinawarwithVietnam,andpeoplewerelookingfor[tokensof]happiness.[TheSpainbrothers]ranwithit."

　　TheSmileyFaceresurgedinthe1990s.ThistimeitwasfannedbyalegaldisputebetweenWal-Mart,whousesittopromoteitslowprices,andFranklinLoufrani,aFrenchmanwhoownsacompanycalledSmileyWorld.Mr.LoufranisayshecreatedtheSmileyFaceandhastrademarkeditaroundtheworld.Hehasbeendistributingitsimagein80countriessince1971.

　　Loufrani'sactionsirkedBall,whofeltthatsuchauniversalsymbolshouldremaininthepublicdomaininperpetuity.Soinapleasantproactivemove,Balldeclaredin1999thatthefirstFridayinOctoberwouldbe"WorldSmileDay"topromotegeneralkindnessandcharitytowardchildreninneed.Balldiedin2001.

　　TheWorcesterexhibitopenson"WorldSmileDay",Oct.6.ItfeaturesaplethoraofSmileyFacemerchandise—fromtheoriginalBallbuttonstoplasticpursesandatoiletseat—andcontemporaryinterpretationsbylocalartists.TheexhibitisscheduledtorunthroughFeb.11.

　　1.Accordingtothepassage,theWorcesterHistoricalMuseum______.

　　（A）concentratesonthecollectionofthemostfamouscommercialfirststhecityhasinvented

　　（B）hascomposedacomprehensivehistoryoftheSmileyFacethroughtheexhibition

　　（C）treatsSmileyFaceastheotherfamouscommercialfirststhecityhasproduced

　　（D）hasorganizedtheexhibittoarousetheAmericans'patriotism

　　2.Whentheauthorusedtheexpression"spreadlikedriftingpollen"（para.4）todescribethegradualdistributionofSmileyFace,heimpliesthat________.

　　（A）HarveyBalldidnotclaimthecopyrightoftheyellowgrinbutton

　　（B）theSmileyFacewasimmediatelyacceptedbythepublic

　　（C）thebuttonwasnotsoldasanordinarycommercialproduct

　　（D）HarveyBallhadtheintentiontoabandonthecopyrightofSmileyFace

　　3.WhydidBillWallacementiontheassassinationofthethenAmericanpresidentandtheVietnamWarinthe1970s?

　　（A）TohaveareviewofthecontemporaryAmericanhistory.

　　（B）Toremindpeoplethatweshouldneverforgetthepast.

　　（C）ToexplainwhyAmericanslikedtheSmileyFaceduringthatperiod.

　　（D）ToshowhowtheSpainbrothersmadeafortunethroughsellingtheyellowgrin.

　　4.Intheexpression"Loufrani'sactionsirkedBall"（para.7）,theword"irked"canbestbereplacedby______.

　　（A）perplexed

　　（B）provoked

　　（C）irritated

　　（D）challenged

　　5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthe"WorldSmileDay"?

　　（A）ItwasestablishedtocommemoratethefounderHarveyBall.

　　（B）Itwastopromotegeneralkindnessandcharitytowardchildreninneed.

　　（C）ItwasdeclaredbyHarveyBallin1999.

　　（D）ItwasdecidedtobeheldonthefirstFridayinOctobereachyear.

　　Questions6-10

　　Goodteachersmatter.Thismayseemobvioustoanyonewhohasachildinschoolor,forthatmatter,toanyonewhohasbeenachildinschool.Foralongtime,though,researcherscouldn'tactuallyprovethatteachingtalentwasimportant.Butnewresearchfinallyshowsthatteacherqualityisaclosecousintostudentachievement:

Agreatteachercancramone-and-a-halfgrades'worthoflearningintoasingleyear,whilelaggardsareluckytoaccomplishhalfthatmuch.Parentsandkids,itseems,havebeenrightallalongtocarewhethertheywereassignedtoMrs.SmithorMr.Brown.

　　Yet,whileweknownowthatbetterteachersarecritical,flawsinthewaythatadministratorsselectandretainthemmeanthatschoolsdon'talwayshirethebest.

　　Manyingredientsforgoodteachingaredifficulttoascertaininadvance—charismaanddiligencecometomind—butresearchshowsateacher'sownabilityonstandardizedtestsreliablypredictsgoodperformanceintheclassroom.Youwouldthink,then,thattop-scoringteacherswouldbeswimminginjoboffers,right?

Notso,saysVanderbiltUniversityprofessorDaleBallou.High-scoringteachingapplicants"donotfarebetterthanothersinthejobmarket,"hewrites."Indeed,remarkablytheydosomewhatworse."

　　Evenmoresurprising,giventhenationalshortageofhighlyskilledmathandscienceteachers,schooladministratorsaremorekeentohireeducationmajorsthanapplicantswhohavemathorsciencedegrees.Nooneknowsforsurewhythosewhohireteachersroutinelyoverlooktoptalent.Perhapstheywronglythinkthatthequalificationstheyshunmakelittledifferenceforstudents.Also,administratorsareprobablynaturallydrawntoteacherswhoremindthemofthemselves.

　　Butfailingtorecognizethequalitiesthatmaketeacherstrulyeffective（andtoconstructincentivestoattractandretainmoreofthesetopperformers）hasseriousconsequences.Forexample,becauseschoolsdon'talwayshirethebestapplicants,across-the-boardsalaryincreasescannotimproveteacherqualitymuch,andmayevenworsenit.That'sbecausehighersalariesdrawmoreweakaswellasstrongapplicantsintoteaching—applicantsthecurrenthiringsystemcan'tadequatelyscreen.Unlessadministratorshaveincentivestohirethebestteachersavailable,it'spointlesstogivethemalargergrouptochoosefrom.

　　Ifpublicschoolhiringprocessesarebad,theircompensationpoliciesareworse.Mostdistrictspaysolelybasedonyearsofexperienceandthepresenceofamaster'sdegree,aformulathatmakestheFederalGeneralSchedule—whichgovernspayforU.S.bureaucrats—lookflexible.Studyafterstudyhasshownthatteacherswithmaster'sdegreesarenobetterthanthosewithout.Jobexperiencedoesmatter,butonlyforthefirstfewyears,accordingtoresearchbyHooverInstitution'sEricA.Hanushek.Ateacherwith15yearsofexperienceisnomoreeffective,onaverage,thanateacherwithfiveyearsofexperience,butwhichonedoyouthinkispaidmore?

　　Thistoxiccombinationofrigidpayandsteeprewardsforsenioritycausesaveragequalitytodeclineratherthanincreaseasteachergroupsgetolder.Topperformersoftenleavethefieldearlyforindustriesthatrewardtheirexcellence.Mediocreteachers,ontheotherhand,aresoonovercompensatedbysenioritypay.Andbecausetheyarepaidmorethantheirskillscommandelsewhere,theseless-capablepedagoguessettleintoprovidemanyyearsofineffectualinstruction.

　　Sohowcanweseparatethewheatfromthechaffintheteachingprofession?

TomakeAmericanschoolscompetitive,wemustrethinksenioritypay,thevalueofmaster'sdegrees,andthenotionthatateachercanteacheverythingequallywell—especiallymathandscience—withoutappropriatepreparationinthesubject.

　　Ourcurrenteducationsystemisunlikelytoaccomplishthisdramaticrethinking.Imagine,foramoment,thatAmericancarshadbeenfreeinrecentdecades,whileToyotasandHondassoldatfullprice.We'dprobablybedrivingFalconsandCorvairstoday.Freepubliceducationsuffersfromalackofcompetitioninjustthisway.Sowhileindustriesfromaerospacetodrugshavetransformedthemselvesinorderto