步进电机运动控制系统外文文献翻译中英文.docx

步进电机运动控制系统外文文献翻译中英文.docx

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步进电机运动控制系统外文文献翻译中英文

步进电机运动控制系统外文文献翻译中英文

外文文献翻译

（含:

英文原文及中文译文）

文献出处:

YHLee.Steppermotormotioncontrolsystemdesign[J].EquipmentManufacturingTechnology,2015，2（6）:

31-41.

英文原文

Steppermotormotioncontrolsystemdesign

YHLee

Abstract

Steppermotorsareopen-loopcontrolelementsthatconvertelectricalpulsesignalstoangularorlineardisplacements.Inthecaseofnon-overload,therotationspeedandstoppositionofthemotordependonlyonthefrequencyandpulsenumberofthepulsesignal,andisnotaffectedbytheloadchange,thatis,apulsesignalisappliedtothemotor,andthemotorrotatesthroughastepangle.Theexistenceofthislinearrelationship,coupledwiththefactthatthesteppermotorhasonlyperiodicerrorsandnocumulativeerrors,isafeature.Itisverysimpletouseasteppermotortocontrolthespeedandposition.Steppermotorspeedcontrolisgenerallytochangethefrequencyoftheinputsteppermotorpulsetoachievesteppermotorspeedcontrol,becausethesteppermotorforeachpulsetorotateafixedangle,sothatyoucancontrolthesteppermotorThetimeintervalfromonepulsetothenextpulsechangesthefrequencyofthepulse.Thelengthofthedelaycontrolsthestepangle

specificallytochangetherotationspeedofthemotor,therebyrealizingthesteppingmotorspeedcontrol.Inthisdesignscheme,theinternaltimeroftheAT89C51microcontrollerisusedtochangethefrequencyoftheCPpulsetorealizethecontroloftherotationspeedofthesteppermotortorealizethefunctionsofthemotorspeedadjustmentandforwardandreverserotation.ThedesigntakesintoconsiderationthattheCPUmaybedisturbedwhenexecutinginstructions,causingtheprogramto"runaway"orenterthe"endlessloop".Therefore,thewatchdogcircuitisdesignedusingamicroprocessingsystemmonitoringintegratedchipmanufacturedbyMAXIM.MAXI813.Thisarticlealsogivestherelatedhardwareblockdiagramandsoftwareflowchartindetail,andhascompiledtheassemblylanguageprogram.

Keywords:

steppermotorsinglechipmicrocomputerspeedcontrolsystem

Introduction

SteppermotorswerefirstdevelopedbytheBritishin1920.Theinventionofthetransistorinthelate1950swasalsograduallyappliedtoasteppingmotor,whichmadeiteasiertocontrolthedigitization.Aftercontinuousimprovement,today'ssteppermotorshavebeenwidelyusedinmechanicalsystemswithhighcontrollabilitysuchashighpositioningaccuracy,highdecompositionperformance,highresponsiveness,andreliability.Intheproductionprocess,whereautomation,laborsaving,and

highefficiencyarerequired,wecaneasilyfindtracesofsteppermotors,especiallythosethatemphasizespeed,positioncontrol,andflexiblecontrolapplicationsthatrequireprecisecommandoperation.Themost.Asanactuator,asteppermotorisoneofthekeyproductsofelectromechanicalintegrationandiswidelyusedinvariousautomationcontrolsystems.Withthedevelopmentofmicroelectronicsandcomputertechnology,thedemandforsteppermotorsisincreasingdaybyday,andthereareapplicationsinvariousnationaleconomicfields.Asteppermotorisanactuatorthatconvertsanelectricalpulsesignalintoanangularorlineardisplacement.Steppermotorscanbedrivendirectlywithdigitalsignalsandareveryeasytouse.Thegeneralmotoriscontinuousrotation,whilethesteppermotorhastwobasicstatesofpositioningandoperation.Whenthereisapulseinput,thesteppingmotorrotatesstepbystep,andwhenitisgivenapulsesignal,itturnsacertainangle.Theangulardisplacementofthesteppingmotorisstrictlyproportionaltothenumberofinputpulsesandissynchronizedintimewiththeinputpulse.Therefore,aslongasthenumberofinputpulses,thefrequency,andthephasesequenceofthemotorwindingsarecontrolled,thedesiredrotationanglecanbeobtained.Speedanddirectionofrotation.Whenthereisnopulseinput,theairgapmagneticfieldcankeeptherotorintheoriginalpositionundertheexcitationofthewindingpowersupply.Soitisverysuitableforsinglechipmicrocomputercontrol.Steppermotorsalsohave

featuressuchasfaststart,precisesteppingandpositioning,andarethuswidelyusedinCNCmachinetools,plotters,printers,andopticalinstruments.SteppingmotorshavebecomethethirdcategoryofmotorsexceptforDCmotorsandACmotors.Traditionalelectricmotors,aselectromechanicalenergyconversiondevices,playakeyroleinhumanproductionandlifeintotheelectrificationprocess.Thesteppermotorcanbeusedasaspecialmotorforcontrol,anditiswidelyusedinvariousopen-loopcontrolbecauseithasnoaccumulatederror（accuracyis100%）.Nowmorecommonlyusedsteppermotorsincludereactivesteppermotors（VR）,permanentmagnetsteppermotors（PM）,hybridsteppermotors（HB）,andsingle-phasesteppermotors.Permanent-magnettypesteppingmotorisgenerallytwo-phase,smalltorqueandvolume,stepangleisgenerally7.5degreesor15degrees;Reactivesteppingmotorisgenerallythree-phase,canachievelargetorqueoutput,steppingTheangleisgenerally1.5degrees,butthenoiseandvibrationarelarge.Therotorofthereactivesteppermotorismagneticallyroutedfromasoftmagneticmaterial,andthestatorhasamulti-phaseexcitationwinding,whichgeneratestorqueusingachangeinthemagneticpermeability.Hybridsteppingmotorreferstotheadvantageofmixingpermanentmagnettypeandreactivetype.Itisdividedintotwophasesandfivephases:

thetwo-phasestepangleisgenerally1.8degreesandthefive-phasestepangleisgenerally0.72degrees.Thistypeofstepper

motoristhemostwidelyusedandisalsothesteppermotorusedinthissubdivisiondrivescheme.

1steppermotoroverview

1.1steppermotorfeatures:

1）Theaccuracyofatypicalsteppermotoris3-5%ofthestepangleanddoesnotaccumulate.2）Theallowabletemperatureofthesteppermotorishigh.Excessivelyhightemperatureofthesteppingmotorfirstdemagnetizesthemagneticmaterialofthemotor,resultinginadropintorqueandevenlossofsynchronism.Therefore,themaximumtemperatureallowedfortheappearanceofthemotorshoulddependonthedemagnetizationpointofthemagneticmaterialofdifferentmotors;generally,thedemagnetizationofthemagneticmaterial.Thepointsareallabove130degreesCelsius,andsomeareevenupto200degreesCelsius.Therefore,theexternaltemperatureofthesteppermotoriscompletelynormalat80-90degreesCelsius.3）Thetorqueofthesteppermotorwilldecreaseastherotationspeedincreases.Whenthesteppermotorrotates,theinductanceofeachphasewindingofthemotorwillformacounterelectromotiveforce;thehigherthefrequency,thegreaterthecounterelectromotiveforce.Underitseffect,themotor'sphasecurrentdecreasesasthefrequency（orspeed）increases,causingthetorquetodrop.4）Thesteppingmotorcanrunnormallyatlowspeed,butitcannotstartifitishigherthanacertainspeed,accompaniedbyhowling.Thesteppermotor

hasatechnicalparameter:

No-loadstartingfrequency,thatisthepulsefrequencythatthesteppingmotorcanstartnormallyunderno-loadconditions.Ifthepulsefrequencyishigherthanthisvalue,themotorcannotstartnormally,andsteplossorstallmayoccur.Inthecaseofload,thestartingfrequencyshouldbelower.Ifthemotoristoberotatedatahighspeed,thepulsefrequencyshouldhaveanaccelerationprocess,thatis,thestartingfrequencyislow,andthenitisincreasedtoadesiredhighfrequency（motorspeedisraisedfromlowspeedtohighspeed）atacertainacceleration.TC\*MERGEFORMAT

1.2workingprincipleofsteppingmotor

Asteppermotorisatypeofmotorthatiscontrolledbyanelectricalpulseandconvertstheelectricalpulsesignalintoaphase-shiftedmotorwhosemechanicaldisplacementandrotationalspeedareproportionaltothenumberofpulsesandthepulsefrequencyoftheinputmotorwinding.EachpulsesignalcanbesteppedThefeedmotorrotatesatafixedangle.Thenumberofpulsesdeterminesthetotalangleofrotation.Thefrequencyofthepulsedeterminesthespeedofthemotor.Whenthestepperreceivesapulsesignal,itdrivesthesteppermotortorotateinthesetdirection.Atafixedangle（called"stepangle"）,itsrotationisperformedstepbystepatafixedangle.Bycontrollingthenumberofpulsestocontroltheangulardisplacement,soastoachievethepurposeofaccuratepositioning;Atthesametime,bycontrollingthepulsefrequency

tocontrolthespeedandaccelerationofthemotorrotation,soastoachievethepurposeofspeedcontrol.

2Basicrequirementsfordesign

Studythecharacteristics,workingprinciple,andspecificspeedregulationprincipleofsteppermotor.TC\*MERGEFORMAT

BasicrequirementsThesteppermotorusesathree-phasesteppermotorwithapowerof1W.Whenthespeedisintherangeof0to1000r/min,themaximumaccuracyis2%.Tobasicallycompletethegraduationdesign,thesteppermotorcanperformprecisespeedcontrol,positiveandnegativerotation,anditcannotlosestepwhenstarting.Basically,thereisnoOscillation,cancompletethecompletehardwarecircuitdiagram,softwaredesign.

3Argumentationoftheplan

3.1Determinationofcontrolmethods

Althoughthesteppermotorcontrolisarelativelyaccurate,open-loopsteppermotorcontrolsystemhastheadvantagesoflowcost,simple,convenientcontrol,etc.,intheopen-loopsystemofthesteppermotorusingthemicrocontroller,thefrequencyoftheCPpulseofthecontrolsystemorchangeThecycleisactuallycontrollingthespeedofthesteppermotor.Therearetwowaysthesystemcanachievesteppermotorspe