史心1 英语补充阅读课文和单词.docx

史心1 英语补充阅读课文和单词.docx

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史心1英语补充阅读课文和单词

Unit1Thegreatjourneyoflearning

1 MalcolmX wasan African-American civilrights activist,religiousleader,writer,andspeaker. Bornin1925,hewas mysteriously assassinated in1965. Bythetimeofhisdeath,hisowntellingofhislifestory,The Autobiography ofMalcolmX,hadbeenwidelyknown. HewasbornMalcolmLittleintoapoor household. Later,hetookthenameMalcolmXafterjoininganorganizationcalledtheNationofIslam,areligiousgroupthathadchangedmajorpracticesandbeliefsof mainstream Islamtoapplymore specifically totheconditionofAfrican-AmericanpeopleintheUnitedStatesintheearly1960s.

2 MalcolmXlearnedabout theNationofIslam whileinprisonforcommittingcriminalactssuchastheft. Becausehewaspoorlyeducated,hefelt inadequate toteachhisnewbeliefstoothers. Asayoungman,hecould sketch histhoughtswithpoorgrammarandlittlevocabularyusingthesimple,unsophisticatedlanguageofpeopleonthestreet. Asanadult,whenhetriedtoinformpeopleabouthisnewbeliefsata rally,hefoundthathedidn'thavetheadequatecommunicationskillsheneeded. Inhisownwords,he"wasn'teven functional".

3 Ina bid toincreasehisknowledgeandimprovehisskills, desperate MalcolmX devised a scheme. Heturnedtobooks,believingthiswouldbebeneficial. However,whenhetriedtoreadseriousbooksonhisown,hewasdistressedashedidn'tknowmostofthewords. "TheymightaswellhavebeeninChinese,"hewrote. Heskippedallthewordshedidn'tknowandthenwouldendupwithno clue astowhatthebookwasabout. "Ibecamefrustrated,"MalcolmXwroteinhisautobiography,speakingofhisinadequatelanguageskills.

4 MalcolmX'sconsiderablefrustrationathisinabilitytoreadandwritelaunchedhimona quest toovercomehisdeficiencies. Hesaid,"IsawthatthebestthingIcoulddowasgetholdofadictionary—tostudy,tolearnsomewords." Andhewasluckyenoughtoreasonalsothatheshouldtrytoimprovehishandwriting. "Itwassad.Icouldn'tevenwriteinastraightline,"hetoldus. Theseideastogethermovedhimto appeal totheprisonauthoritiesforsomepaperandpencils.

5 Forthefirsttwodays,MalcolmXjust skimmed throughthepagesofthedictionarytryingto negotiate hiswaythroughitsunfamiliar format. Hetoldusofhisamazementathowcloselyrelatedthewordsseemed. How moist couldbetherootof moisture,and advisable and advisory hadthesamerootword!

 "Ididn'tknowwhichwordsIneededtolearn,"hesaid,“finally,justtostartsomekindofaction,Ibegancopying.” Inhisslow,careful, crude handwriting,MalcolmXcopiedeverythingonthefirstfullpageofthedictionaryintoanotebook. Heevencopiedthe quotationmarks!

 Thistookhimonefullday. Afterthat,hereadeverythinghehadwrittenaloud.“Overandover,aloud,tomyself,Ireadmyownhandwriting,”Malcolm recalled.Healso logged importantthingsthathappenedeveryday. Repetition helpedmovehimfrombasic literacy towardtrueproficiency.

6 MalcolmX depicted howthenextmorningwhenhewokeup,hekeptthinkingaboutthewordshehadcopiedandreadaloudandaboutthe acquisition oftheknowledgehewaspursuing. Itwasa marvelous feeling.Hefeltimmenselyproud.

7 Hewassofascinatedthathewentoncopyingthedictionary'snextpage. Onceagain,heawoke,proudandenergized. Witheverysucceedingpagehecopiedandreadaloud,MalcolmXfoundhewaslearningandrememberingmoreandmorewords.Witheach successive day,his confusion diminished.

8 AsMalcolmX'swordbasebroadened,hebegantobetterunderstandthebooksheread. Itwasthefirsttimeinhislifethishadeverhappened, "Anyonewhohasreadagreatdealcanimaginethenewworldthatopened."Fromthenuntilheleftthatprison,his concentration wasfocusedonreading.Hewassoabsorbedinit.Monthspassedwithouthiseventhinkingaboutbeinginprison."Infact,uptothen,Ineverhadbeensotrulyfreeinmylife."

9 "Iknewrightthereinprisonthatreadinghadchangedforeverthecourseofmylife,"MalcolmXwrote. HedescribedhowonedayawritertelephonedhimfromLondonforaninterview. TheintervieweraskedMalcolmXwhatcollegehehadgraduatedfromashecouldwriteso fluently. HetoldtheEnglishmanthathisownpersonaluniversitywas"books".

10 MalcolmX'slifeisawonderfulexampleoftheprofoundeffectoflearningalanguage. Hewasbornintoaworldfullof poverty and ignorance. However,asheacquiredknowledge,his horizons expanded. Hehadleftbehindthenarrow,ignorantworldofhisyouthtojointheworldcommunityofthoughtsandactionseversincehestartedwithhisgreatjourneyoflearningEnglishinprison.

Newwords

activist

n.[C]sb.whoworksharddoingpracticalthingstoachievesocialorpoliticalchange

活动家；积极分子

Thepolicesuspecttheattackontheuniversity’sbiologylaboratorywascarriedoutbyanimalrightsactivists.警察怀疑是保护动物权利的激进分子袭击了该大学生物实验室。

mysterious

a.difficulttoexplainorunderstand神秘的；难以解释的

Thepoliceareinquiringintothemysteriousdisappearanceofayoungschoolteacher.

警察正对一位年轻教师的神秘失踪展开调查。

mysteriously

ad.神秘地；难以解释地

Whenaskedwhatshemeanttosaywithherpainting,shesaidmysteriously,“Workitoutforyourself.”当被问到她的绘画有什么寓意时，她神秘地说：

“你自己去想吧。

”

assassinate

vt.murderanimportantperson暗杀；行刺

TheplottoassassinateMartinLutherKinghadstartedlongbeforehewasactuallykilled.马丁﹒路德﹒金是在暗杀他的阴谋酝酿很久之后才真正被杀害的。

autobiography

n.[C,U]abookinwhichsb.writesabouttheirownlife,orbooksofthistype自传

AlthoughBrandoavoidsspeakingindetailsabouthismarriageinhisautobiography,itiswell-knownthathewasmarriedthreetimestothreeex-actresses.虽然白兰度在他的自传里避免详谈他的婚姻，可是众所周知，他结过三次婚，分别同三位前电影明星。

household

n.[C]allthepeoplewholivetogetherinonehouse家庭；一家人

aone-/two-/four-personhousehold单户家庭/两口之家/四口之家

mainstream

a.（onlybeforenoun）consideredordinaryornormalandacceptedorusedbymostpeople主流的

Deafchildrencanoftenbeincludedinmainstreameducation.

失聪儿童通常都可以纳入主流教育。

n.（the~）ideas,methods,orpeoplethatareconsideredordinaryornormalandacceptedbymostpeople主流

EnvironmentalideashavebeenabsorbedintothemainstreamofEuropeanpolitics.

环保观念已被纳入欧洲政治观点的主流。

Manyfeministideashaveenteredthemainstream.许多女权主义观点已进入主流。

specifically

ad.1relatingtoorintendedforoneparticulartypeofpersonorthingonly

特定地；具体地；专门地

Advertisementthatspecificallytargetschildrenwasunpopularinthisarea.专门针对儿童的广告在这个地区并不受欢迎。

Sometownshaveregulationsdirectedspecificallyatparticularnoises,likecarhornsandbarkingdogs.一些乡镇有具体地针对某些特殊噪音的法规，如汽车喇叭声和狗叫声。

2inadetailedorexactway详尽地；明确地

Youarerequiredtoanswereachquestionasspecificallyaspossible.

你要尽可能详尽地回答每个问题。

inadequate

a.notgoodenough,bigenough,skilledenough,etc.foraparticularpurpose

（对某一特定目的而言）不够好的，不足的，不强的

Thereportassignedtheblamefortheaccidenttoinadequatesafetyatthejoblocation.该报告将事故原因归咎于工作地点安全系数不够。

sketch

v.1describesth.inageneralway,givingthebasicideas概述；简述

Holfordsketcheda10-yearprogramforrebuildingthecity.

霍尔福德简单介绍了城市重建的十年规划。

2makeaquick,roughdrawingofsth.（给…画）速写；（给…画）素描

Hegrabbedapieceofpaperandquicklysketchedthebirdbeforeitflewaway.

他随手拿起一张纸，在鸟飞走之前很快地给它画了一个素描。

n.[C]ashortaccountofsth.withonlyafewdetails概略；大要

TheEnglishclassrecentlyreadabiographicalsketchofHemingway,awell-knownAmericanauthorandjournalist.

最近在英语课上大家阅读了美国著名作家和记者海明威的生平简介。

rally

n.[C]alargepublicmeeting,esp.onethatisheldoutdoorstosupportapoliticalidea,protest,etc.大型公众集会（尤指支持某政治观点、抗议等在户外举行的集会）

Fivethousandpeopleheldaprotestrallyagainstsexualdiscrimination.

五千余人举行了抗议集会，反对性别歧视。

functional

a.

workinginthewaythatsth.issupposedto正常运转的

Thenewhospitalisn’tfullyfunctionalasyetbutshouldbeverysoon.

这家新医院尚未完全实现正常运转，但很快就会的。

Ashegrewolder,mydadbecamelessfunctionalandcommunicatingwithhimbecamepainful.随着我父亲年龄的增长，他的工作能力逐渐变弱，与他沟通也变得痛苦起来了。

bid

n.[C]1anattempttoachieveorobtainsth.（为争取某物而作出的）努力

Theyoungswimmertrainedeverydayoftheweek,soitwasherbidtobecomeaworld-classathlete.

这位年轻的游泳健将一周训练七天，这是她为了成为世界级运动员而付出的努力。

adesperatebidtofreeherselffromalovelessmarriage

为摆脱她那段没有爱情的婚姻而作出的不顾一切的努力

2anoffertopayaparticularpriceforsth.,esp.atanauction（尤指拍卖的）出价

Thebuyerobtainedthedeskbecausehemadethehighestbid;nooneelseofferedmoremoneyforit.这个买家因为出价最高得到了那张书桌，没有人出更多的钱了。

v.offertopayaparticularpriceforgoods,esp.inanauction（尤指拍卖的）出（价）

Hecertainlywasn'tgoingtobid$18billionforthiscompany.

他当然不会为这家公司出价180亿美元。

desperate

a.1willingtodoanythingtochangeaverybadsituation,andnotcaringaboutdanger（由于处在绝境而）不惜冒险的，拼命的，绝望的

Timewasrunningoutandweweregettingdesperate.

时间在流逝，我们感到越来越绝望了。

2needingorwantingsth.verymuch非常需要的；极其需要的

Herdesperateneedtobelovedcomesfromadeepfeelingofinsecurity.

她不顾一切渴望被爱，这源于她极度缺乏安全感。

devise

vt.planorinventanewwayofdoingsth.想出；设计；发明

Ifwecoulddeviseaninexpensivesalt-waterfilteringsystem,wecouldturnoceanwaterintodrinkingwater.如果我们能够发明出一种廉价的海水过滤系统，我们就可以把海水转化成饮用水。

Ifwecoulddeviseaplanforusingthedesertedbuilding,wecouldsavethousandsofdollars.

如果我们能想出改造那栋被废弃的大楼的计划，我们就可以节省成千上万的美元。

schemen.

[C]aplanforachievingsth.（为取得某项成功而制定的）计划

AsIgrewolder,itbecamecleartomethatmymother’sschemetogentlypushmetowardliteraturefromanearlyagehadbeenabsolutelyright.随着我渐渐长大，我清楚地了解到，我母亲培养我从小对文学的兴趣的计划是绝对正确的。

clue

n.[C]informationthathelpssb.understandandfindtheanswer

（帮助理解和找到答案的）线索

Theanswershegiveswillprovideaclueastowhetherornotthefilmisinte