语法复习练习定语从句.docx

语法复习练习定语从句.docx

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语法复习练习定语从句

初中英语语法复习练习：

定语从句

-----郑州十一中北校李本华

一．概念：

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。

位置在所修饰的词之后。

例如：

1）.Yousaidyoucouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedtoofast.

2）.Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.

二．先行词：

被定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词。

如1）,2）中的people,all。

三．关系词：

连接先行词和定语从句的词，叫关系词。

如1），2）中的who,that。

1.关系代词：

thatwhichwhowhomwhose

四．关系词的分类：

2.关系副词：

whenwherewhy

1.连接先行词和定语从句。

五．关系词的作用：

2.代替先行词在定语从句中担当句子成分。

六．关系词的选择：

1.当先行词表示的是人而且在定语从句中作主语时，一般选择关系代词thatwho。

例如：

Themanthat/whoistalkingwithsomeparentsisMr.Smith.

2.当先行词表示的是人而且在定语从句中作宾语时，一般选择关系代词thatwhowhom。

但作介词的宾语而且介词在关系代词前面时只能选用whom,而且whom不能省略。

例如：

1）Theboy（that/who/whom）wesawjustnowisTom.

2）ThemanwithwhomourteacheristalkingnowisLucy’sfather.

3）Iknowthefamoussinger（that/who/whom）theyaretalkingabout.

3.当先行词表示的是物或时间、地点，在定语从句中作主语或宾语、表语时，一般选择关系代词thatwhich。

例如：

1）Weprefermusicthat/whichhasgreatlyrics.

2）Themovie（that/which）wewatchedlastnightisveryinteresting.

3）Theday（that/which）hewenttoGuangzhouonwasFebruary6th.

4）Theschoolthat/whichisbetweentheparkandthesupermarketis

ourschool.

注意：

关系代词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语时，一般可省略。

4.当先行词表示的是时间在定语从句中作状语时，用关系词副词when。

例如：

1）TheystillrememberthedaywhenyouleftforBeijing.

2）MothertoldmethattheyearwhenIwasbornwas1963.

5.当先行词表示的是地点在定语从句中作状语时，用关系副where。

例如：

1）Thisistheschoolwheremyfatherworked.

2）TheplacewherehewasbornisWuhan.

6.当先行词与定语从句中的主语有所属关系时，无论先行词表示的是人或物都用关系代词whose。

例如：

1）Thehousewhosewindowisopennowismyroom.

2）Theboywhosefatherisateacherwilltakepartinthemathcontest.

7.下列情况只能用that引导定语从句：

1）先行词是不定代词all,everything,nothing,anything,much,little,afew,none等时。

例如：

a）Isthereanything（that）youdon’tunderstand?

你还有不懂的地方吗?

b）Tomtoldhismotherallthathadhappened.汤姆把事情的全部情况都告诉了他妈妈。

2）先行词被all,every,any,no,little,much等修饰时。

例如：

IwanttoreadallthebooksthatwerewrittenbyLuXun.我想把鲁迅所有的著作全读完。

3）先行词被序数词及形容词最高级修饰时。

例如：

a）Thisisthesecondbook（that）Iborrowedfromtheschoollibrary.

b）Thisisthebestbook（that）Ihaveeverread.

4）先行词被theonly,thevery,thelast,thesame修饰时。

（当先行词表示的是人时，也可以用关系代词who,whom）。

例如：

a）Thisistheonlybookthatwaswrittenbythefamousscientistinourschoolnow.

b）Thisisthelastmovie（that）hehasmadeovertheyears.

c）Heistheonlypersonthat/whocanhelpyouout.

d）Jackistheonlyperson（that/who/whom）Iknowhere.

5）当有两个或两个以上分别表示人或物的先行词时。

例如：

Wearetalkingaboutthepeopleandthethings（that）wehavevisitedinthecountry.

6）主句是以who,what,which开头的特殊疑问句时。

例如：

Whoisthegirlthatiswearingaredcoat?

8.下列情况只能用which引导定语从句：

1）引导非限定性定语从句（主句和从句用逗号分开）时。

例如：

Themeeting,whichwasheldinourschool,wasagreatsuccess.

2）关系代词前有介词而且先行词是表示物，时间，地点时。

例如：

a）ThisisthehouseinwhichIwasborn.

b）Themovieaboutwhichwetalkedyesterdayisverywonderful.

c）We’llneverforgetthedayonwhichwevisitedtheGreatWall.

注意：

1）如果介词放到定语从句中有关动词的后面时，也可以用that引导定语从句。

例如：

a）Mothertoldmethedaythat/whichIwasbornonwasverycold.

b）Theplacethat/whichwelivedinisnowverybeautiful.

c）Thetapethat/whichIoftenlistenedtoislost.

2）如果先行词表示的是人，而且关系代词前有介词时，只能用关系代词whom引导定语从句。

例如：

TheboywithwhomwetalkedjustnowwilltakepartintheviolincontestinHongKongnextweek.

关于that和which引导定语从句的区别，有人给编了下面的口诀：

that,which可互换，下列情况勿照办。

that情况比较多,先来对你说一说：

不定代词有很多，全用that准没错。

先行词前被限制，千万不要用which，

要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。

9.关系代词的省略：

关系代词thatwhichwhowhom在定语从句中作宾语时一般可省略。

如果是做从句中介词的宾语，介词可以提前。

介词提前时，只能用whomwhich,而且不能省略。

例如：

a）Thefamousscientist（that/who/whom）wetalkedabouttheotherdaywillcometoourschooltomorrow.

b）Thegirllikesmusic（that/which）shecansingalongwith.

c）Thisistheschoolinwhichmyfathereverworked.

d）ThegirlwithwhomLucyoftenplaysisTom’ssister.

定语从句练习：

一.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Jacklikesmusic____hecandanceto.

2.Theylikemusic____theycansingalongwith.

3.Thebook____IamreadingisLucy’s.

4.Doyoulikemusic____makesyouexcited?

（2007.辽宁）

5.Idon’tlikemovies____aresad.

6.Thetrees____weplantedlastspringareverytall.

7.Thewallet____TompickedupintheparklastSundayisAnna’s.

8.Ihaveseenthemovie____youtalkedaboutlastnight.

9.Thosearethethings____Ilostinthestreetyesterday.

10.Thisisthewatch____Mumgavemeformybirthday.

11.---Barbara,wheredoyouwork?

---Iworkforacompany_____sellscars.（2007.河南）

12.ShaolinTemble____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.（2008.河南）

13.Thepandaisakindofanimal____canbefoundonlyinChina.（2006.福建）

14.Thisistheone____Iwanted.（2007.天津）

15.XuFeiprefersgroups____playquietandgentlesongs.

16.Tonylikesgroups____wearreallycoolclothes.

17.Wedon’tlikesongs____aretoolong.

18.Themovies____havemonstersareveryscary.

19.Idon’tlikemovies____areaboutmonsters.

20.Thebook____I’mlookingforisLucy’s.

二.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Isthereanything____youwanttobuy?

2.Hetoldmeall____heknew.

3.Watchcarefullyeverything____theteacherwilldo.

4.Thisistheonlyapple____theboyhas.

5.Jackistheonlyfriend____IhavemadeinAustralianow.

6.Themoviesisthelastone____hehasmade.

7.Mr.Smithwasthelastone____wonanawardinthegameyesterday.

8.Itisthemostwonderfulmovie____wehaveeverseen.

9.Thatisthesecondbook____hehasread.

10.You’rethethirdstudent____hasarrivedatschoolearly.

11.Shewantstoreadallthebooks____werewrittenbyLuXun.

12.Whoistheboy____isplayingtheviolin?

13.Lookatthisboyandhisdog____arecomingthisway.

14.Whichisthebook____youboughtyesterday?

15.Whoistheman____oftenplaysbasketball?

三.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.I’llneverforgetthedayon____Ijoinedtheclub.

2.Thisisthehousein____Iwasborn.

3.Thatistheschoolin____hismotherworked.

4.Themovieabout____wetalkedyesterdaywillbeoninourcity.

5.Thebusfor____wearewaitingisNo.3bus.

6.Thetapeistheoneto____wehaveeverlistened.

7.Thelibraryfrom____weoftenborrowbooksisverylarge.

8.Thetrainon____wewilltraveltoZhangjiajieislate.

9.Jacklikesmusicto____hecandance.

10.Theylikemusicwith____theycansingalong.

四.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Themanwith____ourteacheristalkingisMr.White.

2.Theboyfor____Mr.Greeniswaitingishisson.

3.Themanafter____analienisrunningisJack’sfather.

4.Thelittlegirlwith____Lucyoftenplaysishersister.

5.Thestudentto____Mr.Whiteistalkingwilltakepartinthemathcontest.

6.Theboyabout_____weoftentalkisveryclever.

7.Theoldmanafter____Annaislookingishergrandpa.

8.Theteacherfor____theyarelookingteachesEnglishverywell.

五.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Theman____wetalkedaboutyesterdaywillcometoourschool.

2.Theboy____Ioftengotoschoolwithcanplaybasketballverywell.

3.Thedoctor____wearetalkingwithisTom’sfather.

4.Theoldman____Lindaiswaitingforishergrandpa.

5.Thebaby____Mrs.Greenislookingafterisherson.

6.Thenurse____Ispoketotoldmenottoworryaboutit.

7.Thegirl____Maryusuallyplayswithcanplaytheviolinverywell.

8.Theman____wesawjustnowwillteachusmath.

9.Doyouknowthefamoussinger____wewillvisit?

10.Thethief____thepolicemannoticedwentintothebuilding.

11.Theyoungman____youknowusuallydrawspicturesnearthelake.

12.Thenurse____Tomlovescansingverywell.

六.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Theteacher____istalkingwithsomeparentscanplaybasketballwell.

2.Theboy____canspeakEnglishwellwilltakepartinthisEnglishspeechcontest.

3.Idon’tknowtheoldman____cametoourschoolyesterday.

4.Thedoctor____saidyoushouldeatmorevegetablesisJohnSmith.

5.Ipreferthemusicians____writetheirownlyrics.

6.Theboss（老板）____oftenmakestheworkerswork12hoursadaywillbepunished（被惩罚）.

7.Thestudents____oftendogoodthingsshouldbepraised（受到表扬）.

8.Jackprefersthesingers____cansinganddance.

七.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Ilikeplaces____theweatherisalwayswarm.

2.Theschool____weeverstudiedisnowverybeautiful.

3.Thepark____wewentyesterdayisverylarge.

4.Thisisthehouse____hewasborn.

5.Theplace____Ilivedbeforehaschangedalot.

6.---ThedutyofProjectHopeistohelppoorchildren,isn’tit?

---Yes,ithasbuiltmanyschools____thosechildrencanstudyhappily.（2008.黑龙江）

7.Wewanttogototheplaces____thepeoplearereallyfriendly.

8.Ithastobeaplace____wecandolotsofoutdooractivities.

八.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.Ilikeplaces____arecleanandbeautiful.

2.TaiWanisland____lies（=is）intheeastofChinaisabeautifulprovinceofChina.

3.ShaolinTemple____liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandaboad.（2008.河南）

4.Sanya____isinHainanprovinceisabeautifulplacetovisit.

5.JohnSmithwantstoliveintheroom____isbigandclean.

6.Idon’tknowthewaytothemuseum____we’llvisit.

7.Theschool____IwillstudyinnexttermisNo.3MiddleSchool.

8.Theplace____we’lltraveltoisHangzhou.

9.We’llholdameetinginthebigroom____thestudentsarecleaning.

九.在下列复合句中填入适当的关系词

1.ManyAmericanpeoplewillneverforgettheday____theWorldTradeCenterinNewYorkwasdestroyedbyterrorists.