考研英语二真题.docx

考研英语二真题.docx

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考研英语二真题

考研英语二真题2015年

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankandmarkA，B，CorDontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

　　Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith—orevenlookingat—astrangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewiththeirphones,evenwithouta1onasubway.

　　It’sasadreality—ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings—becausethere’s2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn’tknowit，3intoyourphone.Thisuniversalprotectionsendsthe4:

“Pleasedon’tapproachme.”

　　Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

　　Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection，orthatourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“weird.”Wefearwe’llbe7.Wefearwe’llbedisruptive.

　　Strangersareinherently8tous，sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwiththemcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisuneasiness,we10toourphones.“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,”Wortmannsays.“Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectusfromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11.”

　　Butonceweripoffthebandaid，tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup，itdoesn’t12sobad.Inone2011experiment，behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroederaskedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:

Starta13.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalktotheirfellow14.“WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrainstationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,”TheNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughtheparticipantsdidn’texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,“notasinglepersonreportedhavingbeenembarrassed.”

　　18,thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosewithoutcommunication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.It’sthat20:

Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

　　1.A.ticketB.permitC.signalD.record

　　2.A.nothingB.littleC.anotherD.much

　　3.A.beatenB.guidedC.pluggedD.brought

　　4.A.messageB.codeC.noticeD.sign

　　5.A.underB.beyondC.behindD.from

　　6.A.misinterpretedB.misappliedC.misadjustedD.mismatched

　　7.A.firedB.judgedC.replacedD.delayed

　　8.A.unreasonableB.ungratefulC.unconventionalD.unfamiliar

　　9.A.comfortableB.anxiousC.confidentD.angry

　　10.A.attendB.pointC.takeD.turn

　　11.A.dangerousB.mysteriousC.violentD.boring

　　12.A.hurtB.resistC.bendD.decay

　　13.A.lectureB.conversationC.debateD.negotiation

　　14.A.traineesB.employeesC.researchersD.passengers

　　15.A.revealB.chooseC.predictD.design

　　16.A.voyageB.flightC.walkD.ride

　　17.A.wentthroughB.didawayC.caughtupD.putup

　　18.A.InturnB.InparticularC.InfactD.Inconsequence

　　19.A.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.whereas

　　20.A.funnyB.simpleC.logicalD.rare

　　SectionⅡReadingComprehension

　　PartA

　　Directions:

　　Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（40points）

　　Text1

　　Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedathomethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople’scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whiletheywereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceofrefuge.

　　“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhavelowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome,”writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamaske.Infactwomensaytheyfeelbetteratwork.Shenotes.“Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeinghappierathomethanatwork.”Anothersurpriseisthatthefindingsholdtrueforboththosewithchildrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehomehavebetterhealth.

　　Whatthestudydoesn’tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey’reathome,whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendoftheworkdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.Andforwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplaceinmakingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it’snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedathome.

　　Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:

working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure.Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.

　　Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthedivisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily—havenoclearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey’reteenagers,threatenedwithcompleteremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they’reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.

　　Soit’snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparentlyinfinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

　　21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome____.

　　A.wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxationB.generatedmorestressthantheworkplace

　　C.wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurementD.offeredgreaterrelaxationthantheworkplace

　　22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

　　A.Workingmothers.B.Childlesshusbands.

　　C.Childlesswives.D.Workingfathers.

　　23.Theblurringofworkingwomen’srolesreferstothefactthat____.

　　A.theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

　　B.theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

　　C.thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

　　D.itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

　　24.Theword“moola”（Line4,Para4）mostprobablymeans____.

　　A.energyB.skillsC.earningsD.nutrition

　　25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat____.

　　A.homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

　　B.divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclear-cut

　　C.householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

　　D.familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

　　Text2

　　Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothaveaparentwithacollegedegree—lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikelytoadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshavepushedfordecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox”inthatrecruitingfirst-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas“continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose”anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcominginthejournalPsychologicalScience.

　　Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,suggestingthatanapproach（whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram）canclose63percentoftheachievementgap（measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades）betweenfirst-generationandotherstudents.

　　Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedonastudyinvolving147students（whocompletedtheproject）atanunnamedprivateuniversity.Firstgenerationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthefirst-generationstudents（59.1percent）wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantforundergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithatleastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

　　Theirthesis—thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact—wasbasedontheviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpracticalknowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepastresearchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosetheachievementgap.

　　Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhighereducation，learnthe‘rulesofthegame,’andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,”theywrite.Andthisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon’ttalkabouttheclassadvantageanddisadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.“BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldomacknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents’educationalexperience,manyfirst-generationstudentslackinsightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudents‘likethem’canimprove.”

　　26.Recruitingmorefirst-generationstudentshas____.

　　A.reducedtheirdropoutratesB.narrowedtheachievementgap

　　C.misseditsoriginalpurposeD.depressedcollegestudents

　　27.Theauthorsoftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause____.

　　A.theproblemissolvableB.theirapproachiscostless

　　C.therecruitingratehasincreasedD.theirfindingappealtostudents

　　28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirst-generationstudents____.

　　A.studyatprivateuniversitiesB.arefromsingle-parentfamilies

　　C.areinneedoffinancialsupportD.havefail