北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试PKUGATE付部分答案.docx
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北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试PKUGATE付部分答案
北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试（PKU-GATE）
2015年12月27日
说明：
考试总共180分钟，试题题型包括五大题型，主要是常规性题目和新题型，常规题目包括听力、阅读理解，新题型有材料听写、比较写作；外文书籍阅读与写作；转译。
试题共有试题册和答题卡组成，还会发下自己的条形码（不愧为帝国最高学府，科研开发制作技术高端大气上档次！
）
第一大题：
听力（分值20%）
记得是三段材料（或两段），前两段材料是选择题，下面给出3-4个问题，供选择。
某不才听的材料不够准确，第一段材料大约是讨论美国楼市关键词有zombiehouse、ushosingmarket。
坚持使用美国等国外原汁原味的材料，勇气可嘉，与从小到大听Chinglish的某不习惯，但是趣味性强。
还有一题是听力默写，材料中空出了十个空，每个空去掉不止一个词汇，让你填。
听力材料大约长800-1000个词（a4纸的基本上都是这个材料）。
这段材料关于智能医学的似乎，关键词是autogenictraining。
听力播放的时间：
14点-14点25分。
朗读人员：
一男一女，女的是Chinese、男的是foreigner（似乎），地道的美式发音。
第二大题：
阅读理解（分值40%）。
共四篇阅读材料，每一篇阅读下有五个题目，和高考、硕考没大区别，但是材料明显要长，每篇材料大约有1000-1200个单词，生词量也大，平均每1-2句就有个生词。
每篇的题目中有单词理解、有细节理解、有mainidea等。
Passageone：
似乎是关于伦理学的学术论文，题目的中关键词和生词有：
turntheothercheek、ethicalprecept、moralurge、morality、moralprecepts、givewithoutthoughtofreward、altruistic、ironically、selfishagendas、kin、等，经过多方搜索没有搜集到原文出处。
似乎是这篇论文：
《Moralityasthesubstructureofsocialjustice:
religionin
educationasacaseinpoint》，（SouthAfricanJournalofEducationCopyright©2011EASAVol31:
394-406）（XX文库能找到）
Passagetwo：
关于美国的publicpolicies，某一位经济学在媒体上大放厥词，然后向观众道歉的新闻报道，最后说明这些都无关紧要，因为米国人民并不看电视、看新闻（O（∩_∩）O~玩笑），可能是说美国人民并不是太关注新闻媒体，多数政治冷漠。
关键词和生词有：
MIT.JonathanGruber（麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森•格鲁伯（参与起草奥巴马医改方案，并发表了讲话视频。
）、HousecommitteeonoversightandGovernmentreform、AffordablecareAct（ACA）、linguistic、congressionalBudgeofficehurtstheirownpocketbooks、breadandcircusgames——（Juvenal：
尤维纳利斯，又译朱文纳尔）、profusely、warrant、ThirdReichdeath——parels。
不才没找到原文。
参考背景文章：
据美国《赫芬顿邮报》11月12日报道，近日，美国福克新闻频道主持人、时事评论员梅金·凯利（MegynKelly）就奥巴马总统推进的医改与来访嘉宾进行辩论，痛批奥巴马医改是骗局。
据了解，前不久，麻省理工学院的经济学家乔纳森·格鲁伯（JonathanGruber）参与起草奥巴马医改方案，并发表了讲话视频。
针对该视频，凯利与民主党战略家、民意测验专家伯纳德·惠特曼（BernardWhitman）在节目中展开辩论，双方各执一词。
凯利称，美国选民的愚蠢使得奥巴马医改方案在2010年顺利通过。
惠特曼则表示，平价医疗法已经奏效，群众也从中受益。
对于惠特曼的说法，凯利难掩愤怒，连呼“真的吗？
群众们真的知道吗？
你觉得观众能够相信吗？
”
凯利的质疑与争论贯穿节目始终，他批评道：
“平价医改是一个骗局，政府欺骗了我们！
”（
JonathanGruberApologizesFor'Glib'And'Insulting'CommentsAboutObamacare
文章地址：
WASHINGTON--EconomistJonathanGrubertestifiedbeforetheHouseOversightCommitteeTuesdaymorning,whereheapologizedforsayingthatthe"stupidityoftheAmericanvoter”helpedpasstheAffordableCareAct.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyprofessoralsodeniedthenotionthathewasthe"architect"ofthelaw.
"InsomecasesImadeuninformedandglibcommentsaboutthepoliticalprocessbehindhealthcarereform,"Grubersaidinhisopeningstatement."IamnotanexpertonpoliticsandmytoneimpliedthatIwas,whichiswrong.InothercasesIsimplymadeinsultingandmeancommentsthataretotallyuncalledforinanysituation.Isincerelyapologizebothforconjecturingwithatoneofexpertiseandfordoingsoinsuchadisparagingfashion."
“IdidnotdraftGov.[Mitt]Romney’shealthcareplan,andIwasnotthe'architect'ofPresidentObama'shealthcareplan,"Gruberadded,referringtohispastconsultingworkonboththeMassachusettshealthcarelawandtheAffordableCareAct.
RepublicanshaveseizedonrecentlyunearthedvideosofGruberdiscussingthatworkdisparagingly,whichthey'veattemptedtousetodelegitimizethelaw.Theeconomist,whowasconsultedbytheWhiteHouseonthebillin2009,saidin2013thatthe inabilityoftheAmericanvotertounderstandthecontent oftheAffordableCareActhadhelpedthebillpass.TheObamaadministrationandnumerousDemocratsinvolvedinthelaw'sdraftinghaveawkwardlytriedtodistancethemselvesfromtheeconomist.
HouseOversightCommitteeChairDarrellIssa（R-Calif.）saidGruber'scomments"revealedapatternofintentionallymisleadingthepublic"aboutthelaw.Rep.ElijahCummings（D-Md.）,therankingmemberonthecommittee,alsochastisedGruberfor"stupid,Imeanabsolutelystupidcomments,"addingthatitgaveRepublicansa“publicrelationsgift”intheircampaigntorepealthelaw.
Atonepointinthehearing,IssaaskedGruber,"Areyoustupid?
"
"No,Idon'tthinkso,"theeconomistsaid.
"Soyou'reasmartmanwhosaidsomestupidthings,"Issaresponded.
Inonevideo,Grubersaidsubsidiestohelplow-incomeAmericansbuyinsuranceare limitedtostate-establishedexchanges.FederallyrunObamacareexchangescurrentlyoperateinmorethan30states.ThevideoofGruber'sremarkshasbeenusedtobolstera seriouslegalchallenge tothelawthatwillbeheardbeforetheSupremeCourt.
ButGruberclaimedhewastakenoutofcontext.
"ThepointIbelieveIwasmakingwasaboutthepossibilitythatthefederalgovernment,forwhateverreason,mightnotcreateafederalexchange,"hesaidonTuesday."Ifthatweretooccur,andonlyinthatcontext,thentheonlywaythatstatescouldguaranteethattheircitizenswouldreceivetaxcreditswouldbetosetuptheirownexchanges."
ThecontroversyhasalsoimpactedGruberpersonally.Vermontofficialssaidlastmonthafterthevideoswerereleasedthattheywould stoppayinghim forconsultingonthestatehealthcaresystem.
MarilynB.Tavenner,theadministratoroftheCentersforMedicareandMedicaidServices,alsofacedquestionsatthehearing,includingoverthewaytheadministration inflatedObamacareenrollmentnumbers byincludingdentalplansinitsaccounting.
"Itwasaninexcusablemistake,"shesaid."IdonotbelieveanyonetriedtodeceivetheAmericanpeopleandIbelievetheerrorwasinadvertent."
Controversial MIT economist JonathanGruber reportedlyplayedkeyroleinObamaCarelaw
PublishedJune22,2015
FoxN
ObamaCarelaw
PublishedJune22,2015
FoxN
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MIT economist Jonathan Gruber,whoclaimedtheauthorsofObamaCaretookadvantageofwhathecalledthe"stupidityoftheAmericanvoter,"playedamuchbiggerroleinthelaw'sdraftingthanpreviouslyacknowledged,accordingtoapublishedreport.
The WallStreetJournal,citing20,000pagesofemailssentby Gruber betweenJanuary2009andMarch2010,reportedSundaythat Gruber wasfrequentlyconsultedbystaffersandadvisersforboththeWhiteHouseandtheDepartmentofHealthandHumanServices（HHS）abouttheAffordableCareAct. Amongthetopicsthat Gruber discussesintheemailsaremediainterviews,consultationswithlawmakers,andevenhowtopubliclydescribehisrole.
TheemailswerereleasedastheSupremeCourtpreparestoruleonthelegalityoffederalhealthinsuranceexchangesubsidies.
TheJournalreportsthattheofficials Gruber contactedbye-mailincludedPeterOrszag,thenthedirectoroftheOfficeofManagementandBudget（OMB）;JasonFurman,aneconomicadvisertothepresident;andEzekielEmanuel,thenaspecialadviserforhealthpolicyatOMB.
"HisproximitytoHHSandtheWhiteHousewasawholelottighterthantheyadmitted,"Rep. JasonChaffetz,R-Utah,chairmanoftheHouseoversightcommittee,toldtheJournal. "There’snodoubthewasamuchmoreintegralpartofthisthanthey’vesaid. Heputupthisfacadehewasanarm’slengthaway. Itwasafarce."
"Ashasbeenpreviouslyreported,Mr. Gruber wasawidelyusedeconomicmodelerforadministrationsandstategovernmentsrunbybothparties—bothbeforeandaftertheAffordableCareActwaspassed,"HHSspokeswomanMeaghanSmithtoldtheJournalinastatement. "Theseemailsonlyechooldnews."
Gruber becamethecenterofapoliticalstorminNovember2014,whena videosurfaced ofhimtakingpartina2013paneldiscussionaboutObamaCare. Atonepoint, Gruber saidtheObamaadministrationwrotethebill"inatorturedwaytomakesure[theCongressionalBudgetOffice]didnotscorethemandateastaxes. IfCBOscoredthemandateastaxes,thebilldies ... Lackoftransparencyisahugepoliticaladvantage. Andbasically,callitthestupidityoftheAmericanvoterorwhatever,butbasicallythatwasreally,reallycriticalforthethingtopass."
Atthetimeofthecontroversy,PresidentObamareferredto Gruber as"someadviserwhoneverworkedonourstaff."However,theJournalreportsthat Gruber'semailsappeartoreferenceatleastonemeetingwithObama. Furthermore,oneemailfromJeanneLambrew,atopObamahealthadviser,thanks Gruber for"beinganintegralpartofgettingustothishistoricmoment",whileanothermessagefromLambrewrefersto Gruber as"ourhero."
FoxNewspreviouslyreported thatHHSretained Gruber inMarch2009ona$95,000contracttoproduce"aseriesoftechnicalmemorandaontheestimatedchangesinhealthinsurancecoverageandassociatedcostsandimpactstothegovernmentunderalternativespecificationsofhealthsystemreform."AsecondcontractwithHHSthreemonthslatersaw Gruber receiveanadditional$297,600.
Gruber laterapologized forhiscommentsinaDecember2014hearingbeforetheHouseOversightCommittee,callingtheremarks"meanandinsulting."
Passagethree：
文章出自《The NewYorker》（纽约客）
TheComebackConundrum
TheFinancialPage SEPTEMBER21,2015ISSUE
BY JAMESSUROWIECKI
文章地址：
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升级会员 