全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解.docx

全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解.docx

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全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解

全国中考英语卷说明文类阅读理解

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〔北京2021〕B

ThepopulationoftheEarthisgrowingfaster.ItisimportantthatwelookaftertheEarth.Weneedit.

TheEarthgivesusalotofthings.WealsogivetheEarthalot,butsomeofthethingsarenotgood.Innature,whensomethingdies,otheranimalsandplantsgetfoodfromit.Everyanimalorplantgivesfoodforotheranimalsorplants.However,animalscan’tgetfoodfrommanyofthethingsthatwe‘give’theEarth.Animalsandplantscan’teatmetal,plasticandglass.Thesethingswillstayinthegroundformany,many,manyyears.

Somerubbishisverydangerousforplantsandanimal.Insomeplace,manyanimalslivetogether.Oneanimalmakesfoodformanymoreanimals.Ifweputrubbishandchemicalsinthewater,theplankton（浮游生物）candie.Ifthereisn’tanyplankton,manyanimalshavenothingtoeat.

Sowhatcanwedo?

Don’tleaveanyrubbishinthecountryside!

Don’tmakesomuchrubbish!

51.TheEarthgivesus_______.

A.foodB.rubbishC.chemicalsD.pollution

52.Whensomethingdiesinnature,_______.

A.waterandgrassarepolluted

B.plasticandwoodbecomefood

C.otheranimalsandplantsgetfood

D.metalandglassstayintheground

53.Wemust______tolookaftertheEarth.

A.putmetalinthegroundB.usemorewood

C.keepfrogsinthewaterD.makelessrubbish

〔兰州2021〕B.

Becauseearthquakeshappenwithoutwarning,it’simportanttotakestepsnowtoprepare.Becauseyoudon’tknowwhereyouwillbewhenanearthquakehappens,preparesomesuppliesforyourhome,workplace,andcar.

1.Water.

Apersonneedsatleast1/2gallonofwaterdailyjustfordrinking.Storeatleast1gallonofwaterperpersonperdayandbepreparedfora72-hourperiod.Itissuggestedthatyoubuybottledwater.Keepbottledwaterinitsoriginalcontaineranddonotopenituntilyouneedtouseit.Also,docheckthe“useby〞date.

2.Food.

It’salwaysapracticalideatokeepasupplyofnon-perishable（不易腐烂的）foodonhand.Haveanenoughsupplyofcannedfood,powderedmilk,driedfruits,non-saltednutsandcannedjuicesforatleast72hours.

3.Flashlights（手电筒）andsparebatteries.

Keepaflashlightbesideyourbed,atyourplaceofwork,andinyourcar.Donotusematchesorcandlesafteranearthquakeuntilyouaresurethatnogasleaks.

Prepareabattery-poweredradioandsparebatteries.Mosttelephoneswillbeoutoforder,soradioswillbeyourbestsourceofinformation.

4.Clothes.

Ifyouliveinacoldplace,youmustthinkaboutwarmth.Youmightnothaveheatafteranearthquake.Thinkaboutyourclothingandbeddingsupplies.

56.Whyshouldpeoplepreparethemselvesforanearthquake?

A.Becauseearthquakescanbeknownbeforetheyhappen.

B.Becauseearthquakestakeplacewithoutwarning.

C.Becauseearthquakesusuallytakeplaceintheneighborhood.

D.Becauseit’speople’sdailyworktopreparetheearthquakes.

57.Aboutthepreparedwater,whichdescriptionisRIGHT?

A.Apersonshouldprepare0.5gallonofwaterforoneday.

B.You’dbetteruseyourowncontainerstokeepwater.

C.You’dbetteropenthebottledwaterwhenyoubuyit.

D.Youshouldn’topenthebottledwateruntilyouneedit.

58.Youshouldprepareallofthefollowingexcept______.

A.powderedmilkB.freshvegetables

C.driedfruitsD.cannedjuices

59.Accordingtothearticleweknowthat______.

A.weneedtopreparesomesuppliesonlyathome

B.atelephoneisthemostimportantpreparedthing

C.flashlightsbutnotmatchesarefirstusedafterearthquakes

D.clothesareusedtoprotectyourhead

60.Ifyouliveinacoldplace,youshouldprepare_______.

A.somewarmclothesandbeddingsuppliesB.somehotwater

C.somebatteriesD.someflashlights

〔桂林2021〕D

Dreamsareexpressionsofthoughts,feelingsandeventsthatpassthroughourmindwhilewearesleeping.Everybodydreams.Butonlysomepeopleremembertheirdreams.Ourdreamsoftenincludeallthesenses—smells,sounds,sights,tastesandthingswetouch.Wedreamincolour.Sometimeswedreamthesamedreamoverandoveragain.Theserepeateddreamsareoftenunpleasant.Theymayevenbenightmares—baddreamsthatfrightenus.

Earlyinthetwentiethcentury,twofamousscientistsdevelopedtheirpersonalideasaboutdreams.AustrianpsychiatristSigmundFreudpublishedabookcalled“TheInterpretation（诠释）ofDreams〞in1900.Freudbelievedpeopleoftendreamaboutthingstheywantbutcan’thave.Thesedreamsoftenhavesomethingtodowithsexandaggression（侵犯）.SwisspsychiatristCarlJungworkedcloselywithFreudforseveralyears,buthebelieveddreamscouldhelppeoplegrowandunderstandthemselves.Hebelieveddreamsprovidesolutions（解答）toproblemswefacewhenweareawake.Hedidn’tbelievedreamshideourfeelingsaboutsexoraggression.Todayweknowmoreaboutthescienceofdreamingbecauseresearcherscantakepicturesofpeople’sbrainswhiletheyaresleeping.

Otherresearchersarestudyinghowdreaminghelpsourbodiesworkwithproblemsandverysademotions（感情）.RobertStickgoldisaprofessorofpsychiatryatHarvardUniversityinMassachusetts.DoctorStickgoldsaysthatwhenwedream,thebrainistryingtomakesenseoftheworld.HedoesnotagreewithSigmundFreudthatdreamingisthewayweexpressourhiddenfeelingsanddesires（愿望）.

Scientistsbelieveitisimportanttokeepresearchingdreams.DoctorStickgoldsaysithasbeenmorethanonehundredyearssinceSigmundFreudpublishedhisimportantbookaboutdreaming.Yetthereisstillnoagreementonexactlyhowthebrainworkswhenwearedreamingorwhywedream.

请根据短文内容，选择最正确答案,将其标号在答题卡上涂黑。

〔每题2分，共10分〕

71.Dreams_________.

A.arerememberedbyeveryone

B.expressallthatwethinkinourmind

C.includefewsensesandthingswetouch

D.aresometimesnightmaresthatrepeatandfrightenus

72.Abookondreamingwaspublishedby_________.

A.SigmundFreudB.RobertStickgoldC.CarlJungD.thewriter

73.Inthepassage,allthepsychiatrists_________.

A.believedreamscanhelppeopleunderstandalltheproblemsthattheyface

B.thinkdreamsalwayshidesomeone’sfeelingsaboutsexoraggression

C.studydreamanddreamingandhavetheirownideas

D.havethesameideathatpeopleoftendreamaboutthethingstheywant

74.Fromthepassage,weknowthat_________.

A.Jungthoughtthatdreamsprovidesolutions

toproblemswefacewhenwearesleeping

B.Freuddevelopedtheideathatdreamsareexpressionsofpeople’shiddenfeelings

C.scientistshaveknownquitewellwhywedreambecausetheycantakepicturesofourbrains

D.otherresearchershavediscoveredhowdreaminghelpsourbodiesworkwithproblemsandverysademotions

75.Whichwouldbethebesttitle（标题）forthepassage?

A.TheExplanationsofDreamsB.TheWaysofDreams

C.TheSolutionstoDreamsD.TheMystery（奥秘）ofDreamsandDreaming

〔A〕（2021·哈尔滨）

Whenwehavesmallcutsintheskin（皮肤）,somethingstrangemayhappen.Thecutsareabletoheal（痊愈）themselvesinacoupleofdays.Howdoesthishappen?

Readon,andyouwillfindoutthesecret.

Everylivingthingontheearthismadeupofcells（细胞）.Cellsgrowandmakenewcells.Mostcellsareverytinyandwecan’tseethemwithoureyes.Differentcellshavedifferentuses.Ourskincellsarespecialones.Thecellsonthesur

face（外表）ofourskinareolddeadcells.Newskincellsarerightunderthesurface.Thesearethelivingskincells.Theydoworkforourbodies.Theyhelpprotectourbodiesandhealcuts.

Ourbodiesmakeskincellsallthetime.Astheoldcellsfalloff,newcellsgrowinthesameplace.Eachpersonmakesabout18kgofskincellsduringhisorherlife.Surfaceskincellsfittogethercloselywithnogapsbetweenthem.Whenyoucutorburnyourself,youcanharmyourskincells.Asmallcutwillnotdomuchharm.Yourskinwillquicklyhealitselfbymakingnewskincells.Howdo

skincells.Howdoskincellswork?

First,thecellsnea

rthecutgetbiggerandmoveintothegap;Next,thesebiggercellsmeetinthemiddle.Theyformanewlayer（层）ofskincells.Finally,newcellswillgrowuntilthegapdisappearscompletely.Inthisway,yourskincangrowwellitself.

Howamazingthetinycellsare!

Nexttimeyouhaveacut,don’tworryaboutit.Maybeinafewdays,youwillbesurprisedtofindithealed.

根据短文内容选择最正确答案。

（）46.Theunderlinedword“gaps〞inthepassagemeans“____________〞inChinese.

A.突起B.条纹C.缝隙

（）47.F

romthepassage,weknowthatcells____________.

A.arelargeandwecanseethemwithourbodies

B.cangrowandmakenewcells

C.aren’tinmostlivingthings

（）48.Skincellshea

lcutsinthreesteps.________istherightorder.

（）49.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.Eachpersoncanmake18kgofskincellsev

eryday.

B.Differentcellshavedifferentusesinourbodies.[来源:

Z,xx,k.Com]

C.Theskincellshavelittleworktodointhebody.

（）50.Thebesttitleforthispassageshouldbe____________.

A.HOWSKINCELLSHEALCUTS

B.THEIMPORTANCEOFSKIN

C.HOWTOPROTECTOURFINGERS

〔咸宁2021〕B

Whatmightthefuturebelike?

Herearesomepredictions:

thingstocome,thingstogo.

TheSpringFestival,themostimportantChineseholidaywheneveryonereturnshome,hascausedheadachesformillionsofChinese.Morethan2billionpeopletravelatthesametime,makinggettingtravelticketsandthejourneydifficult.Butin28years,SpringFestivaltravelmaynotbeaproblematall.Chinaplanstobuildmorethan120,000kilometersofrailwayandafasttransportationnetworkthatwillserve90%ofthepopulationby2021.AndbecausemostofChinawillbecities,peoplewillnothavetogotootherplacestofindajob,soitw