职称英语理工类新增文章.docx

职称英语理工类新增文章.docx

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职称英语理工类新增文章

2009年职称英语理工类教材新增部分内容

第二部分阅读判断

（两篇）

第十二篇

StudyHelpsPredictBigMediterraneanQuake

ScientistshavefoundevidencethatanoverlookedfaultintheeasternMediterranean1islikelytoproduceanearthquakeandtsunamievery800yearsaspowerfulastheonethatdestroyedAlexandria2inAD3365.

Usingradiocarbondatingtechniques,simulationsandcomputermodels,theresearchersrecreatedtheancientdisasterinordertoidentifytheresponsiblefault.‘Wearesayingthereisprobablyarepeattimeof800yearsforthiskindofearthquake,'saidMsBethShaw,anearthquakescientistattheUniversityofCambridge,wholedthestudy.Scientistsstudypastearthquakesinordertodeterminethefuturepossibilityofsimilarlargeshocks.

IdentifyingthefaultfortheAD365earthquakeandtsunamiisimportantforthetensofmillionsofpeopleintheregion,Ms.Shawsaid.ThefaultclosetothesouthwestcoastofCrete4lastproducedabigenoughquaketogenerateatsunamiabout1300,whichmeansthenextpowerfulonecouldcomeinthenext100years,sheaddedinatelephoneinterview.

Ms.Shawandhercolleaguescalculatethelikelyintervalsbymeasuringthemotionofeithersideofthefaulttofindhowoftensuchlargeearthquakeswouldhavetooccurtoaccountforthatlevelofmotion,shesaid.Theircomputermodelsuggestedan8magnitudequakeonthefaultwouldproduceatsunamithatfloodsthecoastalregionsofAlexandriaandNorthAfrica,thesoutherncoastofGreece5andSicily6allthewayuptheAdriati7toDubrovnik8.ThiswouldbesimilartotheancientquakeinAD365thatcausedwidespreaddestructioninmuchofGreeceandunleashedatsunamithatfloodedAlexandriaandtheNileDelta9,likelykillingtensofthousandsofpeople,shesaid.

词汇：

faultn.断层intervaln.间隔

tsunamin.海啸magnituden.等级

radiocarbonn.放射性碳destructionn.破坏，毁灭

simulationn.模拟unleashv.放出，释放

注释:

1.theeasternMediterranean:

地中海东部

2.Alexandria:

阿里山大[埃及北部港市]

3.AD:

公元后（AD是拉丁文AnnoDomini首字母的所写）

4.Crete:

[希腊]克里特岛

5.Greece:

希腊

6.Sicily:

[意大利]西西里岛

7.Adriati:

亚得利亚海

8.Dubrovnik:

杜布罗夫尼克[克罗地亚港市]

9.NileDelta:

尼鲁河三角洲[埃及]

练习:

1.Thefault,whichwasoverlookedbefore,hasbeencloselystudiedbyscientists.

ARight.BWrongCNotmentioned

2.ItisfuntoidentifythefaultfortheAD365earthquakeandtsunami.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

3.Radiocarbondatingtechniquescanbeusedtoidentifytheageoftheearth.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

4.ScientistspredictthatthenextpowerfulearthquakeintheeasternMediterraneanmaytakeplacesometimebefore2100.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

5.Ms.Shawhashercolleagueshelpherinthestudyofearthquakeprediction.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

6,Ms.Shawmeasuredthemovementofeithersideofthefaulttoidentifythemagnitudeofthe

earthquaketakingplaceinAD365.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

7.TheearthquakepredictiondevicesdevelopedbyMs.Shawarebeingwidelyusedintheworld.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

答案与题解：

1．A文章的主题是，以往科学家忽视了地中海断层的存在。

现在地震学家对地中海断层进行研究，并认定断层的运动造成公元365年的地震和海啸，以及推算出地震和海啸发生的周期。

所以，本句表达的意思是对的。

2．B文章第三段说到，“认定断层造成了公元365年的地震和海啸，这一认定对该地区的几千万人来说是重要的”。

把这项研究说成是有趣的与原文“重要”的意思有很大的不同，所以是错误的。

3．C全文没有一处提到radiocarbondatingtechniques可用来确定地球的年龄。

4．AShaw女士和她的研究组认定，地中海东部的断层的移动每800年左右会引发一次超强

地震和海啸。

前两次发生的时间分别是365年和l300年左右。

根据这一推断，在未来l00年中，会发生一次超强地震和海啸。

第三段对此有说明。

5．A这句表达的意思与原文相符。

原句见第四段第一句：

“Ms．Shawandhercolleagues

calculatethelikelyintervalsbymeasuringthemotionofeithersideofthefaulttogaugehowoftensuchlargeearthquakeswouldhavetooccurtoaccountforthatlevelofmotion”。

6．BShaw女士和她的研究组测量过themotionofeithersideofthefault，但目的不是为了identifythemagnitudeoftheearthquaketakingplaceinAD365，而是为了findhowoftensuchlargeearthquakeswouldhavetooccurtoaccountforthatlevelofmotion。

7．C纵观全文，文章中没有一句提到Shaw女士发明过地震预测装置，更没有谈及这种装置在全世界得到广泛应用这一点。

第十五篇

ImageMartianDustParticles

NASA'sPhoenixMarsLander1hastakenitsfirst-everpictureofasingleparticleofrustyMartiandustwithoneofitsmicroscopes.ThedustparticlesofdustwereshownatahighermagnificationthananythingoutsideofEarththathasbeenimagedbefore.Theroundedparticlemeasuredonlyaboutonemicrometer,oronemillionthofameter,across.

TakingthisimagerequiredthehighestresolutionmicroscopeoperatedoffEarth2andaspeciallydesigneddevicetoholdtheMartiandust,"saidTomPike,aPhoenixscienceteammemberfromImperialCollegeLondon3."Wealwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticlesthissmall4.''

Thedevicethatimagedthedustspeckiscalledanatomicforcemicroscope,whichmapstheshapeofparticlesinthreedimensionsbyscanningthemwithasharptipattheendofaspring.Theatomicforcemicroscopecandetailtheshapesofparticlesassmallasabout100nanometers.Andthiswon'tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage5."Afterthisfirstsuccess,we'renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgallery6ofthedustonMars,"Pikesaid.

DustexistseverywhereonMars,coatingthesurfaceandgivingititsrustyredcolor.DustparticlesalsocolortheMartianskypinkandfeedstormsthatregularlyenvelopetheplanet.Theultra-fine7dustisthemediumthatactivelylinksgasesintheMartianatmospheretoprocessesinMartiansoil,soitiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars'environment8,theresearcherssaid.

The$420-millionPhoenixmissionisanalyzingthedustandsubsurfaceicelayersofMars'arcticregionstolookforsignsofpotentialpasthabitability.Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspartofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarmfromthe"SnowWhite"trenchanddeliveredtoPhoenix'smicroscopestationinearlyJuly.

词汇:

imagev.绘……的图像scanv.扫描

magnificationn.放大subsurfaceadj.地面下的

micrometern.微米habitabilityn.居住性

resolutionn.分辨率，清晰度scoopv.挖

mapv.绘制……的地图trenchn.沟

注释:

1.NASA'sPhoenixMarsLander:

美国国家航空航天局的凤凰号火星登陆器

2.offearth:

地球之外

3.ImperialCollegeLondon:

伦敦帝国学院

4.imageparticlesthissmall:

描绘如此之小的微粒。

imageparticlesthissmall是口语的说法，其意思是imagesuchsmallparticles／imageparticleswhicharesosmall。

5.Andthiswon'tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage:

这不会是凤凰号扫描图像的最后的尘粒。

本句的言外之意是：

科学家将会收集更多的火星微粒进行扫描。

6.portraitgallery:

（火星尘粒）图像陈列馆

7.ultra-fine:

超小的

8.itiscriticallyimportanttounderstandingMars'environment:

火星尘粒对于了解火星环境是极端重要的。

it指代上一句的dust，而to是介词，所以后接动名词understanding。

练习:

1.ThedustparticleonMarsisthesmallestparticlethathasbeenimagedoutsideofEarth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

2.Usingthesametechnology,wehavealsomeasuredthesizeofparticlesonthemoonandJupiter.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

3.ScientistsusethehighestresolutionmicroscopetowatchandrecordtheimageofMartianparticlesonearth.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

4.TomPikesaidthattheyusedtothinkitwasnoeasyjobtoimagesuchsmallparticles.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

5.AnelectronicdevicehasbeendevelopedtomeasuretheweightofcertainMartianrocks.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

6.AftercollectingthelastMartiandustparticle,thescientistshavestartedtobuildupaportraitgalleryofit.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

7.ThePhoenix'sroboticarmcollectedtheMartiandustparticlesforanalysisonMars.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

答案与解析:

1．A第一段说，NASA的凤凰号火星登陆器用它的显微镜观测地球外长度只有百万分之一米的微粒。

本题的表述与第一段的意思吻合。

2．C通篇文章都没有提到科学家用同样的技术测量月球和水星上的微粒。

3．B第一段只是说，NASA的凤凰号火星登陆器用它的显微镜观察地球外，而不是地球上长度只有百万分之一的火星微粒，所以本题的表述是错的。

4.ATomPike说，“Wealwaysknewitwasgoingtobetechnicallyverychallengingtoimageparticlesthissmall.”（我们过去一直知道，观察体积如此小的微粒具有很高的挑战性。

）（见第二段）这句话是选择A的依据。

5．C通篇文章都没有提到有人发明了一种能测量火星上某些微粒的重量的电子装置。

6．B第三段中提到，“．．．thiswon'tbethelastdustparticlethatPhoenixwillimage”。

接着又说，“Afterthisfirstsuccess，we’renowworkingonbuildingupaportraitgalleryofthedustonMars”。

而本题却说：

“AftercollectingthelastMartiandustparticle，we’renowworkingonbuildingup…”，这与文章所表达内容明显不同，所以本题的答案是B。

．

7．A选择A的依据是文章最后一句：

“Theparticleseenintheatomicforcemicroscopeimagewaspartofasamplescoopedbytheroboticarm…”。

第三部分概括大意与完成句子

（两篇）

第十篇

WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

1　Ananimalthatinfluencedscientificthoughthasdied.AchimpanzeenamedWashoeandborninAfricadiedofnaturalcauseslatelastmonthattheageof42ataresearchcenterintheAmericanstateofWashington.Wash0ehadbecomeknowninthescientificcommunity１andaroundtheworldforherabilitytouseAmericanSignLanguage２.Shewassaidtobethefirstnon-humantolearnahumanlanguage.Herskillsalsoledtodebate3aboutprimatesandtheirabilitytounderstandlanguage.

2　ResearchscientistsAllenandBeatrixGardnerbeganteachingWashoesignlanguagein1966.In1969,theGardners7describedWashoe'sprogressinascientificreport.ThepeoplewhoexperimentedwithWashoesaidshegrewtounderstand4about250words.Forexample,Washoemadesignstocommunicatewhenitwastimetoeat.Shecouldrequestfoodslikeapplesandbananas.Shealsoaskedquestionslike,"Whoiscomingtoplay?

"Once5thenewsaboutWashoespread,manylanguagescientistsbeganstudiesoftheirown6intothisnewandexcitingareaofresearch.Thewholedirectionofprimateresearchchanged.

3　However,criticsarguedWashoeonlylearnedtorepeatsignlanguagemovementsfromwatchingherteachers.Theysaidshehadneverdevelopedtruelanguageskills.Evennow,there　aresomeresearcherswhosuggestthatprimateslearnsignlanguageonlybymemory,andperformthesignsonlyforprizes.YetWashoe'skeepersdisagree.RogerFoutsisaformerstudentoftheGardners7.HetookWashoetoa