难记考点歌诀Hard to remember all the verses.docx

难记考点歌诀Hard to remember all the verses.docx

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难记考点歌诀Hardtorememberalltheverses

难记考点歌诀（Hardtorememberalltheverses）

Thetrickisrunningaroundtoseeifyoucanfindit.Overtheyears,therearesomequestionsthatmustbekeptinmind.Forexample,biochemical,thenseveralbiochemicalenzymes,unlessnoproblem（ofcoursethisisnotpossible）,isitall!

.Forexample,myocardialinfarction,aslongasthetopicismyocardialinfarctionlocation.Forexample,infectiousdisease,malariamedicationisdead,isdead,pediatricchromosomedisease,height,weight,headtochest,vaccinationetc..Fourmajorquestionsoutoftheliving,cannotmemorizequestions.TheannualZhentilook,willknowwhattodieproblem.

Infarctnecrosissong:

anemia,infarction,spleen,kidney,bleeding,infarction,lungandintestine.Coagulation,necrosis,kidney,spleen,liquefactionofthepancreas,brainoften.Caseousnecrosis,lipidaccumulation,dampness,gangreneoflungs,uterus,intestine.

Hotsong:

missedtyphoidfeverandpneumonia,tuberculosis,liverfailurewindrelaxation,malariapelvicintermittentfever,Hodgkinreturnwaveofbrucellosis.

Note:

continuedfevertyphoid,typhus,lobarpneumonia.Theairhumidity,septicemia,tuberculosis,liverabscess.Intermittentfevermalaria,acutepyelonephritis.RelapsingfeverandHeJiejindiseasearemorecommoninrelapsingfever.Undulantfeverinbrucellosis.

Song:

glycogenenzymeglycogentwobiochemicalenzyme:

themonkclosedmediasisterthrush

Note:

glycogensynthesisglycogensynthase,liverglycogenphosphorylaseby.

Songofgluconeogenesis:

sugar,gluconeogenesis,pyruvate,

Carboxycarboxylicacidreceptor.

Fructose2grape6,

Addphosphoricacidtothewhole.

Thekeyenzymesofgluconeogenesisarepyruvatecarboxylase,phosphoenolpyruvatecarboxylase,fructosetwophosphatase,andglucose6phosphatase.

Theenzymesrequiredforglycolysis:

glycolysisisnotuncommon;thethreekinasesneedtobekeptinmind,hexokinase,pyruvate,and6phosphatekinase-1（glycolysisincellfluid）

Note:

hexokinase（GK）,6phosphofructokinaseandpyruvatekinase1.

Threeacidcycleenzymesong:

threecarboxylicacidcycleenzymes,thereare8main,youremember?

Inorderforthecitratesynthaseaconitase,isocitratedehydrogenase,alphaketoglutaratedehydrogenase,succinatethiokinase,succinatedehydrogenase,malatedehydrogenase,fumarase.Isithardtoremember?

It'snothardtoremember.Youdon'thavetorememberthatexactly.It'snotlemons,amber,apples,apples......Aslongasyouseeapicture,yousayit'sanenzymeinthethreecarboxylicacidcycle.It'snotamistake.It'scalled"stickyedge",butyoudon'trememberthesenamesatall.

Songs:

ablackcat,twotigers,twolemons,afox,anapple,abarrelofvinegar（alphaglutaricdehydrogenase）

Somebodysaysblackcatiswhat,thatisnotAconitum?

.

Alphareceptoragonistsong:

theeasiestwaytoremoveakidneyistostopbleeding,preservelife,poison,hypotension,shock,nervesource.Thesamekindhasahydroxylgroup,themostlong-termeffect.

1.Usedforneurogenicshock.

2,fordruginducedhypotension,especiallychlorpromazinepoisoning.

3,uppergastrointestinalbleeding.

4、theeffectofhydroxylamineislongerthanthatofnorepinephrine,butitissusceptibletodrugresistance.

Betareceptoragonists:

betaagonistisoproterenolsong,asthmaaswonderfulblock.Heartfailurestopsjumping,lowshock,thismedicineisnotsaid.Drugssimilartodopa,

Formyocardialinfarction,heartfailure

1,forbronchialasthma.

2、atrioventricularblock.

3.Cardiacarrestduetosinusnodedysfunction.

4.Septicshockwithlowcardiacoutput.

5,similardrugsdobutamineformyocardialinfarctioncomplicatedheartfailure.

6,norepinephrine,epinephrine,isoproterenolcannotbeusedforhypertension,arteriosclerosis,organicheartdisease.

Alphabetareceptoragonistsong

Gejue:

adrenalbornwideuse,mostlikelycausedbycardiacarrhythmia.Allergicarrestandbronchialasthmacanalsobecombinedwithlocalanesthetics.Samekindofmedicaments,dopamine,shock,kidneyfailureisnoteasy.Thereisalsoaephedrineanestheticforlowbloodpressureasthma.

Dopamineismainlyusedinthetreatmentofshockandcanalsobecombinedwithdiureticsinthetreatmentofacuterenalfailure.Ephedrineisalsousedinthepreventionandtreatmentofepiduralanesthesiaandhypotensioncausedbyspinalanesthesia.

Whichofthefollowingdrugsismostlikelytocausecardiacarrhythmias?

Mlikesymptom:

Oh,evil,pain,diarrhea,sweating,salivation,

Runnynose,frequenturination,defecation（incontinence）,

Pupildilationandpulmonaryedema,

Trachealspasm,coughandslowheartrate（bloodpressuredrop）.

N-likeheartrateandbloodpressurerise,

Respiratoryparalysis,muscletremors.

Abdominalpainandposturesong:

Esophagealreflux,flexionpain,erectbodycanalleviate.Pancreaticcancerwithsupinepainisobvious,anteversionandpronepositioncanbealleviated.Leftlyingdown,lightchest,proneposition,duodenalstasis.

Refluxesophagitispatientsinbodyanteflexionepigastricburningpainsignificantly,

Anderectpositioncanbealleviated.

Inpatientswithpancreaticcancer,thepaininthesupinepositionisobvious,whileintheforwardpositionorpronepositionthepainisrelieved.

Attheleftlateralposition,patientswithgastricmucosalprolapsehadlesspain.

Theknee,chestpositionorpronepositioncanrelievethesymptomsofabdominalpainandvomitingintheduodenalstasis.

Position:

headsurgeryaftersurgerygejuesleepslope,cervicalandthoracicsurgerybedslope,lowerabdominalsurgery,hipandspinehalfsitting,supine,headandfootshockpatients,sometimesdesirablesupine.

Killipgradingofmyocardialinfarction:

I,II,IIIandIV,noncardiacdepression,ZuoXinshuai（50%）,pulmonaryedema,cardiogenicshock.

Heartfailurecausedbyacutemyocardialinfarctioniscalledpumpfailure,andtheKillipclassificationmethodisadopted:

ClassI:

noobviousheartfailure;

StageII:

leftheartfailure,pulmonaryrales,lessthan50%lungfields;

StageIII:

acutepulmonaryedema;

StageIV:

cardiogenicshockwithhemodynamicchangesatdifferentstagesandlevels.

Myocardialinfarctionpositioningsong:

Myocardialinfarctionlocationdifficulttoremember,youcannotremembermeinahurry.Makeupanothersongtodayandwrapitupallyourlife.

Openinglanguage:

1,chestlead,Ijustsaythefigures,suchasIsaid1,referstotheV1lead,Isaid2,referstotheV2lead......Andsoon。

Remember.

2,theECGI,AVLleadatanytimeonbehalfofthe"side";II,III,andAVFleadsatanytimeonbehalfof"down",thisisaconstantancienttruth.WhatIsaidbelowis"seesideplusL",whichmeans"I,AVL"";

See"plusF"meansadding"II,III,AVF"".Remember.

3.LocationofECGaccordingtothesixtheditionofinternalmedicine".Minutesbeforetheinterval,confinedtotheanteriorandlateralwall,anteriorwall,inferiorwall（thatis,AVF,II,III）inferoseptalandlowersidewall,lateralwall,posteriorwall.

Listentothemusic：

Frontroom123.1.

Top345.2

Front567.3

Before1-5.4.

Next123.5.

Lowerside567.6

Seebelow,plusF.

SeesidewithL.

Thereis78behind.7

HighsideL8.8

TheanteriorwallV1V2V3.

LimitedanteriorwallV3V4V5

ThefrontsidewallV5V6V7I,AVL

ExtensiveanteriorwallV1V2V3V4V5

TheinferoseptalV1V2V3+II,III,AVF

ThelowersidewallofV5V6V7II,III,AVF

TheposteriorwallofV7V8

Thehighsidewallof1,AVL,V8

08yearsoftestquestions:

whichsideleadstothehighsidewallmyocardialinfarctionECG?

（answer:

I,AVL）.Note:

becausetheanswerisonlyI,AVL.NowriteV8.Sochooseonlyone,AVL.1marksforeachquestion.Wejusthaveaunitonlyonepoint（358points,359pointsscore）mingluosunshan.Andshewillnotanswerthisquestion,yousaymiserablynotsad?

Comprehensiveexaminationpaperwrittenexamination,themyocardialinfarctionsectionwilltest,themostlikelyismyocardialinfarctionlocation.InJuneof08,IpostedapostontheInternet,andpredictedthattherewouldbeaproblemwiththelocationofthemyocardialinfarction,andcompiledthesong.Moveitovertoday,

Justwanttoaddapointtothestudents.

Heartmurmursong:

twoorthree,blowing,narrowrumble,themainpulsesigh,themachineisnotclosed,music,heartmuscle.

Note:

thisverseaslongaswithoutnotes,whichmeanstheinsufficiency.

Twoorthreetricuspidregurgitationwasblowing,stenosisrumbling;aorticregurgitationissighing;PDAmachine;endomyocarditis（papillarymuscleandtendonruptureorvalvularperforation）forthekindofmusic.

Splitheartsong:

Reversedivision,completelyleft.Fixedcompartmentseptum.Usuallysplitrightandlungnarrow,twopointedlesionorventricularseptaldefect.

Reversedivision（alsoknownasparadoxicalDivision）isseenincompleteleftbundlebranchblockandaorticvalvestenosis;fixeddisruptionisalmostunaffectedbyrespirationandisseeninatrialseptaldefect.

Infact,patientswithaorticstenosissufferfromleftventricularoverload（leftventricularhypertrophyanddilatationforalongtime）,leftbundlebranchontheleftventricularwall,andexcessivetraction,andthefunctionislikeleftbundlebranchblock.

Pathologicalusuallydivided:

completerightbundlebranchblock,pulmonarystenosis,mitralvalvelesion（stenosisorinsufficiency）,ventricularseptaldefect,etc..

Heartmurmurratingsong:

systolicmurmurisdividedinto6grades,whichissignificantatLevel3orabove.ClassIisthemostlightlistenedcarefully,secondlevelauscultationiseasier.ClassIIIisringersqualitative,tremorloudIV.Vloudchestwall,deafeningVImustbefaraway

Note:

diastolicmurmursarenotg