英美概况练习答案.docx

英美概况练习答案.docx

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英美概况练习答案

KeystotheExercises:

PartITheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritain&NorthernIreland

Chapter1

1-5BDCAB6-8BCD

Chapter2BritishHistory

KnowledgeFocus

I.

1.T2.F3.T4.T5.T6.T7.F8.T9.T10.F11.F12.T13.T14.F15.F16.F

II.1-4CBDA

III.

Advantages:

a.Workersinvolvedcouldworkattheirownspeed.

b.Childrenworkinginthesystemwerebettertreated.

c.Conditionsofworkwerebetter.

d.Peopleworkedforthemselvescouldtakeaprideinwhattheydid..

e.Tensionintheworkplacewasminimal.

Disadvantages:

a.Theproductionwasveryslow.

b.Theproductionwasinefficient.

c.Itwasdifficulttomakefulluseofmaterialsandenergyfarawayfromhome.

d.Thesystemcouldnotsatisfythedemandofthemarket.

IV.1-6TFTFTF

V

a.Floodingb.explosivegasc.Poisongasd.Pitcollapses

VI.Omittted

LanguageFocus

I.

1.prosperity2.tribal3.hereditary4.mystical5.reminder6.coveted7.strategic8.buffers

9.assassination10.stalemate11.recession12.deteriorated13.divorcee14.devolve

15.reinforcements16.evacuated

II.1-5FAIGH6-10JDBEC

Chapter3BritishEducation

KnowledgeFocus

I.

a.Thestateschoolreferstothekindofschoolthatisfundedbygovernment.Therefore,studentsdon’thavetopayalotofmoneyforthereceivededucation.Itusuallyfollowsastandardcurriculumnationwide.ThemajorityofthestudentsintheUKattendthiskindofschool.

b.Thepublicschoolisafee-payingschool.Itusuallyenjoysagoodacademicreputation,andadmissioncanbehighlycompetitive.Itscurriculumcanbequiteflexible.Studentsinthiskindofschoolgenerallyaimhighlyandtheirstudyoftenleadsthemtorenownedcollegesoruniversities.Onlyasmallportionoftheeconomicallyandacademicallyprivilegedstudentscangotosuchaschool.

II.

1-5CDBDA

III.

1-5TFFTT

IV.

a.referenceletters

b.apersonalstatement

c.competitiveacademicrecords

d.requiredexams

e.aninterview

f.acertificateoflastcompletionofstudies

g.socialexperience

LanguageFocus

I.

1-5DDCCB

II.（Omitted）

Chapter4BritishEconomy

Knowledgefocus

1.financialcenter2.BankofEngland3.PoundSterling4.industrialize5.America

Languagefocus

1-5GIJHF6-10EADBC

Chapter5GovernmentoftheUnitedKingdom

I.TheConstitutionalMonarchy

I.

1.D2.B3.B4.A5.B

II.

1.constitutional,Monarch2.judiciary3.written4.symbolic/ceremonial5.leader

III.

1.ceremonial2.seniority3.hereditary4.presence5.symbolize

6.majority7.independent8.precedence9.stimulate10.tremendous

IV.

1.E）monarch2.B）shared3.G）elected4.C）legislative5.F）lower

6.J）majority7.I）appointing8.H）symbolic9.A）neutral10.D）developed

II.TheBritishParliament:

theLegislativeBody

I.

1.legislative,theMonarch,theHouseofLords,theHouseofCommons2.tomakelaw,Commons,Lords3.five4.First-Past-the-Post5.Upper,Lower6.Commons

II.

1.C2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B

III.

1.T2.T3.F4.F5.F6.T7.T8.F

IV．

1.G）ceremonial2.H）annual3.A）addresses4.E）drafted5.B）outlines

6.F）dissolve7.D）permission8.J）announcing9.I）Sovereign10.C）advice

III.BritishGovernment:

theExecutiveBody

I.

1.A2.C3.A4.A5.A6.B7.B8.D

II.

1.administrative2.civilservants3.TheCabinet4.No.10DowningStreet5.Commons

III.

1.F2.F3.T4.T5.T

IV.PoliticalPartiesandElectioninBritain

I.

1.C2.D3.B4.D

II.

1.two-party,theLabour,theConservative2.constituency3.majority4.Liberal,Conservative

5.thegovernment;thePrimeMinister6.OfficialOpposition7.18

III.

1.associate2.incapable3.empower4.responsive5.compulsory6.eligible

Chapter6CultureoftheUnitedKingdom

I.CustomsandHabits

I.

1.C2.D3.A

II.

1.D）occasions2.H）embarrassing3.G）well-educated4.A）equal5.J）beauties

6.B）deserve7.F）attach8.E）sympathy9.C）respects10.I）principle

II.TheFamily

I.

1.F2.T3.T4.T5.F

II.

1.G）compared2.E）honeymoon3.D）worn4.F）harming5.H）key

6.A）umbrella7.J）challenge8.I）possibilities9.B）symbolic10.C）traditional

III.PubCultureinBritain

I.

1.F2.F3.T

II.

1.D）specific2.A）native3.C）remote4.F）indifferent5.B）feature

6.G）fetch7.J）attracts8.I）higher9.E）promote10.H）opportunity

IV.CuisineinBritain

I.

1.dinner2.brunch3.fishandchips4.hightea

II

1.c2.b3.a

III.

1.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.C7.A8.C9.B10.D11.B12.C13.C14.B15.D16.A17.B18.C19.D20.B

V.HolidaysandFestivalsinBritain

I.

1.SantaClaus2.thebirthofJesusChrist;Easter3.TheChristmasPantomime;theprincipalboy;theDame（后面这两个空去掉也行，文中没有出现）

4.BoxingDay

II.

1.B2.B4.D5.C6.C7.C8.D9.A10.B

III.

1.H）shows2.B）different3.D）based4.G）characters5.I）pretty

6.E）played7.C）form8.J）kicks9.A）contains10.F）audience

VI.SportsinBritain

I.

1.B2.A3.B4.D5.B

II.

1.flatracing;steeplechasing

2.theRoyalAscot

3.huntsaboteurs

III.

1.G）responsible2.E）majority3.C）upturn4.H）victory5.A）trend

6.I）total7.B）hosted8.F）minor9.J）leading10.D）represent

VII.ReligioninBritain

I.

1.Christianity2.HolyBible3.Islam

II.

1.B2.A3.A4.A5.C

III.

1.G）individual2.D）arisen3.B）name4.F）belonging5.I）opposed

6.J）scientific7.H）appeals8.E）scientist9.C）unique10.A）religious

VIII.MassMediainBritain

I.

1.C2.B3.C4.A5.A6.B（和第二题重复了，删掉就行）

II.

1.F2.F3.F4.T

III.

1.H）decades2.B）annually3.I）competition4.A）pastime5.J）basis

6.F）published7.C）local8.D）aimed9.G）monthly10.E）judge

PartIITheUnitedStatesofAmerica

Chapter1History

Chapter2History

KnowledgeFocus

I.

1.Columbus2.English3.13,theUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependence,America’sIndependenceDay4.AmericanRevolutionaryWar/AmericanWarofIndependence5.Reconstruction,Freedmen/ex-slaves/freedslaves,Federal6.RoaringTwenties

II.

1.T2.FtheFrenchandIndianWar（theSevenYear’sWar）3.T4.FthesecondContinentalCongress5.FtheUSConstitution6.T7.T8.T9.FTheunemploymentdecreasedyetandremainedfairlyhigh10.Ffirst11.T12.FBushandAlGore13.FnosupportofNATOoranexplicitUNmandateformilitaryintervention14.T15.FaffiliatedTerroristorganizationscontinuedtooperateinYemenandotherremoteareas

III.

LanguageFocus

I.

1.unhealthy,exposedto2.respondedwith,sparked,resistance3.convened,coordinate,grievances,petitioned,redress4.abolished,flourished,Mounting,agrarian,industrial5.defining,permanent,sealed,bondage6.eloquent,delivered7.discrimination,privileges,available8.crucial,struggle,backlash9.spreading,elimination,inaccurate,liberation

II.

（1）Proclaiming

（2）endowed（3）unalienable（4）rejecting（5）sovereign（6）transformations（7）significant（8）responsible（9）independence（10）revolt（11）regulations（12）first（13）touched（14）inspire

Chapter3GovernmentandPolitics

KnowledgeFocus

I.

1.federalism,theseparationofpowers,andrespectfortheConstitutionandtheruleoflaw.

2.legislativebranch,executivebranchandjudicialbranch

3.theBillofRight

4.Theseparationofpowers

5.theHouseofRepresentatives,theSenate

6.35,naturalborn,14,four-year,twice

7.winnertakesall/first-past-the-post

II.

1.T2.T3.Fthreelevels:

federal,stateandlocal4.T5.Fanexecutivevetocanbeoverriddenbyatwo-thirdsmajorityvoteinbothhouses6.FonlytheCongress7.T8.FthePresidentisnotdirectlyelectedbythepeople9.FRepresentativesservetwo-yearterms（Senatorsareelectedtosix-yeartermsbythepeopleofeachstate.）10.T11.T12.FtheVicePresidentservesasthePresidentoftheSenateandmaycastthedecisivevoteintheevent13.T14.T15.T16.FthenumberofSupremeCourtJusticesisalsolefttoCongress17.FCongresscannotabolishtheSupremeCourt18.FtheDemocraticParty19.T20.FTheonlyexceptiontothisisthedisenfranchisementofconvictedfelons,andinsomestatesformerfelonsaswell.

LanguageFocus

I.

1.vested2.apportioned,proportion3.staggered4.subsequent,exceeds5.contempt6.referred,oversees7.meritsandflaws,opponents,compel8.calendar9.precedence10.overturn

II.

1.interdependent,delineated,specified,ensures,independent,infringing,inthehandsof

2.sole,enact,confirm,substantial3.assigned,revenue,inthecaseof

4.confirm,ratify,exceptions,involves5.extensive,compel,deem

6.enumerated,discretion7.promotes,affordable

8.advocate,tempered

III.

1.through2.on3.for4.at5.over6.to7.with

IV.

1.safeguards2.hold3.removed4.resignation5.insulates6.apply7.concerns8.interpret9.constrained

Chapter4EconomyoftheUnitedStates

KnowledgeFocus

I.

1.TheUnitedStatesisamarket-orientedeconomy.Dueinparttotheamountofbothpublicandprivateinvestment,theeconomyoftheUnitedStatesisregardedasatypeofmixedeconomy.

2.AcentralfeatureoftheU.S.economyistheeconomicfreedomaffordedtotheprivatesectors.TheU.S.businessfirmsenjoygreaterflexibilityindecisionstoexpandcapitalplant,tolayoffsurplusworkers,andtodevelopnewproducts.Thisisenhancedbyrelativelylowlevelsofregulationandgovernmentinvolvement,aswellasacourtsystemthatgenerallyprotectspropertyrightsandenforcescontracts.

3.AlthoughtheU.S.isoftenreferredtoasafreemarketeconomy,thisisnotentirelytrue,sincetherearegovernmentregulationsprotectingcertainsectors,notablyenergyandagriculture.Thefederalgove