信息系统外文文献及译文.docx

信息系统外文文献及译文.docx

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信息系统外文文献及译文

南京工程学院

英文文献及译文

作者：

邵亚雯学号：

209090712

系部：

经济管理学院

专业：

信息管理与信息系统

题目：

社区自助歌曲点播平台的开发与设计

指导者：

金卫健讲师

2010年4月

InformationTechnologySupportSystemofSupplyChainManagement

HUAJIANG，JINGYANG

SchoolofEconomyandManagement;SchoolofKeXin

HeBeiuniversityofengeneering

HanDan056038

CHINA

Abstract:

-Effectivesupplychainmanagementisbuiltonthebasisofthehighqualityofinformationtransmissionandsharing,Thiswillrelyheavilyoninformationtechnologytoprovidereliablesupport.Inthispaper,againstthecharacteristicsofthesupplychaininformationflow,discusstheimpactofinformationtechnologyonsupplychainmanagementandsupportsystemwhichinformationtechnologyforminthesupplychainmanagement.

Key-Words:

-Supplychainmanagement;Informationtechnology;SupportSystem;Informationflow;Supplychain;Information

1Introduction

SupplyChainManagement（SCM）riseisattributedtoenterprisestryingtoeliminateproductionandinventoryplansmisleadingasinformationslowtransmissionorerrors.In1990s,someofcomputermanufacturerssuchasHP,orP&Gwhichproducthouseholdappliancesbeginintegrateinformationsystemsofdown-upstream,hopetoarchievepurposesforrapidresponsiontothedemandofmarketandlowerinventorybycorrectandrapidtransmission,analysisandintegrationofinformation.Therefore,effectivesupplychainmanagementisbuiltonthebasisofthehighqualityofinformationtransmissionandsharing,Thiswillrelyheavilyoninformationtechnologytoprovidereliablesupport.

Intoday'sage,informationhasbecomeakeyfactorinthedecisiontothesurvivalanddevelopmentofenterprises,anybusinessmustfacetheissueofhowtointegrateinformation.Informationisfromboththeverticalinformationoftheupstreamanddownstreamfirmsandthehorizontalinformationoftheinternalenterprise,aswellasinformationofthemacrolevel.Howtotransmitandshareinformation,tocoordinateeconomicbehavioroftheupstreamanddownstreamenterprisesandfunctionalbehaviorofinteralenterprisewhichisthecorequestionssupplychainmanagementistodealwith.Comparedwiththeindividualenterprises,supplychainasanextendedenterprise,showsowncharacteristicsbyitswayofinformationflowandacquisition.

2TheCharacteristicsoftheSupplyChainInformationFlow

2.1Widecoverage

Theinformationofthesupplychaincoversfromalllinksofsuppliers,manufacturerstodistributorsandthenretailersinthesupplychain.Informationflowdistinctintoinformationflowofdemandandsupply,thesearetwodifferentflowsofinformationflow.Whendemandinformation（suchascustomerorders,productionplanning,procurement,etc.）takesdirectionfromthedemand-sidetothesupply-sidemovement,ittriggeredlogistics.Meanwhilesupplyinformation（suchasstoragelists,theinventoryrecordsforsales,deliverlists）,togetheragainalongwithmaterialsforthedirectionofthesupplychainfromsupply-sidetodemand-sidemovement.TheinformationflowofindividualenterprisesmainlyconfinedtotheinternalInvoicingrecords（seefigure1）.

2.2Moreaccesschannels

Asbusinessesinthesupplychainisacollaborationrelationshipandcommunityinterests,informationofthesupplychainhavesomanychannelstoobtain.demandinformationisn’tonlyfromthecustomersbutalsodistributorsandretailers;thesupplyInformationisfromvarioussuppliers,Theseinformationflowandshareinallenterprisesthroughthesupplychaininformationsystems.Forindividualenterprises,asithaven’tformedtheCommunityinterestswithupstreamanddownstreambusinesses,soitistotallydependentonowncollection.

2.3High-qualityinformation

Becauseofspecialization,thequalityofthesupplychainwassuperiortotheinformationofthesingleenterprise,Forexample,distributorsandretailerscanbespecificallyresponsibleforthecollectionofdemondinformation,thesupplierswillcollectsupplyinformation,Productmanufacturerscollectinformationofproducts.

3InformationTechnologyandSupplyChainManagement

Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyprovidesaneffectivesupporttosupplychainmanagement.Aboutsomeissueshowtothankoftheimpactofinformationtechnologyonsupplychainmanagement,andhowtouseinformationtechnologyinsupplychainmanagement,andsoon,throughstudies,itbasicallycanbesummedupinthreeaspects:

3.1Enhancethesharingofinformationonthesupplychaincaneffectivelyimprovesupplychainmanagement

Whenmembersofthesupplychainbasedonlyoninformationfromneighbormemberoflowerlevelstomakedecision,thesystemwillhaveaphenomenonofmagnificationofdemand.Thereasonforthissituationisnottheirrationalofallmembers,butrationaldecision-makingintheactualcircumstancesofunclearinformation,includeddemandforecastintheunbalanceddemand,increasingordersintheexpectedshortage,increasingEOQforthefixedorderscostsandeffectsofbatch.Theoccurrenceofthisphenomenonwillhaveanegativeimpactonallmembersofthesupplychain.Toeliminateorcontainthisphenomenon,withinthescopeofthesupplychain,wecantakeappropriatecountermeasures,suchastostrengtheninformationsharing,shortenthedelaytime,coordinatepurchasingandsimplifymarketingbehaviorandsoon.

3.2Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologyenhancesinternalcollaborationinthesupplychain

Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologymakesenterprisesmoreaccessibletouseinformationtechnologytoexchangeandcollaboratewithothermembersofandsupplychain,thereforetheusecostsrelativelylower,sothatenterprisescanchoosemoresuppliestogetcheapersupplyandservicesinthesamelevelofinformationusecosts.Inotherwords,therelationshipbetweenenterprisesandtheirsupplierswilllikelybecomeunreliableandunstable,butthenumberofsupplierswhichsuccessfulenterpriseschoosedon’tincrease,butreduce.Infact,"betweenenterprisesandtheirsuppliersandcustomers,itisnecessarytoestablishacollaborativerelationship"thatithasaclearrequirementintheJIT,itjusthasnotbeengivensufficientattention.

3.3Thedevelopmentofinformationtechnologycanhelptobuildamoreperfectuserdemandmodel

Theend-userisanimportantcomponentofthesupplychain,theresponsesituationtocustomerdemandisaveryimportantsupplychainmanagementevaluation.Bettergrasppingthedemandsofusersisthebasisofsupplychainmanagement.Manyarticlesusedsimilarassumptionforavarietyofneedsanddistribution,butdemandisrandom,itsreleaseisnotasidealaswegenerallyassumed.Therefore,itisnecessarytoconsiderthedemandforecastinthesupplychaininventorycontrolproblems,choosedifferentmodelaccordingtodifferentcircumstances,establishanappropriatedemandmodel.

4InformationTechnologySupportSystemofSupplyChainManagement

Theestablishmentofthesupplychaininformationsystemsneedsalargenumberofinformationtechnologytosupport,wediscussinformationtechnologysupportsystemintheformingofsupplychainmanagementfromthemainareasofsupplychainmanagement.

Themainareasofsupplychainmanagementinvolved:

products（services）design,manufacturing,marketing,customerservice,logisticsandsoon.Itisasynchronized,integratedproductionplanasaguide,throughusedifferenttypesofinformationtechnologytoimprovetheperformanceintheseareas（seefigure2）.

Informationtechnologytosupportthesupplychaincanbedividedintotwolevels.

4.1Thefirstlevel

Thefirstleveliscomponentwithtechnologyofidentificationcode,automaticidentificationanddatacollectiontechnology,electronicdatainterchangetechnology,InformationtechnologyonthebasisofInternettechnology.

4.1.1TechnologyofIdentificationCodes

Aunifiedinformationcodingisthebasisoftheexchangeandsharingofdataamongsupplychaintradingpartners.Withoutit,automaticidentificationtechnologyandelectronicdatainterchange（EDI）cannotberealized.Throughstandardizationtechnologyofinformationcodingappliedtothesupplychainmanagementsystem,itisrealizedthatautomateddatacollectionintheactivitiesofsupplychainsystemsandexchangeofdataandsharingofresourcesbetweensystems.Itcanpromotetheefficientfunctioningofthesupplychainactivities.

4.1.2AutomaticIdentificationandDataCollectionTechnology

Automaticidentificationanddatacollection（AIDC）hasbecometheidealtechnologyofdealingwiththelogisticsinformationinprocesstosupplychainmanagement.Throughautomaticidentificationtechnology,automaticdataidentificationanddatacollection,itisensuredthatHigh-speedandaccuratedataacquisitionandreal-timecontrolinthelinksofsupplychain.Atpresent,inthesupplychainmanagement,themostcommonlyAIDCtechnologyisbarcodetechnologyandradiofrequencyidentificationtechnology.Barcodetechnologycanfacilitatethetimelycapturetheneedsoftheconsumer,improvesalesresults,astakeplaceimmediatelyautomaticretrievalofinformationintheactivities.Barcodealternativekeyboardinputandimprovetheaccuracyofdatacollection,theapplicationoftechnologysolvethe"bottleneck"problemsofthedataentryanddatacollection.

RadioFrequencyIdentification（RFID）technologyisarelativelynewautomaticidentificationtechnology.RFIDtechnologycanbecharacterizedasnon-contactidentification（identificationdistancefromafewcentimeterstotensofmeters）,identificationofhigh-speedmovingobjects,resistanceofharshenvironment,secrecy,itcanalsoidentifyanumberofidenti