高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature牛津译林版必修5.docx

高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature牛津译林版必修5.docx

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高考英语一轮复习Unit3Scienceandnature牛津译林版必修5

Unit3Scienceandnature

课时练1　阅读理解提速练

[学生用书P303（单独成册）]

阅读理解

A

（2019·湖南部分重点中学考前演练）

WELCOMETOTHERONALDREAGAN

PRESIDENTIALLIBRARYANDMUSEUM

Visitthelimited－time“Interactive!

TheExhibition”attheRonaldReaganPresidentialLibraryandMuseumandsavemorethan30%onmuseumadmissionticketswithanaudiotour.

WHEN

ThroughFeb.28

WHAT’SINCLUDED

D|S19（reg.D|S28）．..AdmissionforonepersontotheRonaldReaganPresidentialLibraryandMuseum,including“Interactive!

TheExhibition”withanaudiotour.Pleasenote:

thevirtualreality（虚拟现实）experiencewillbeanadditionalcostandparticipantsmustbe10yearsoldorabove.

WHYWELOVEIT

•Theexhibitionisahands－onexperiencefocusingonmovies,TV,musicandthearts

•Experiencevirtualreality,1980svideogames,robots,3Dprinting

•ClimbaboardAirForceOne,viewtheexpensivecomfortablepresidentialcarandaMarineOnehelicopter

•ExploreReagan’slegacy（遗产）：

StepintoanOvalOfficecopyandseeapieceoftheBerlinWall

•Theaudiotourhasmorethan50stopsandoriginalmaterialnotcopiedintheexhibits

WHATYOUNEEDTOKNOW

Thisisaseason－specificevent.Allsalesarefinal.Norefunds（退款）orexchanges.Notvalidaftertheexpirationdate.ValidanyregularmuseumoperatingdaythroughFeb.28.Museumhoursare10a．m.－5p．m.,sevendaysaweek.Validforoneperson.Cannotcombinewithotheroffers.Mustuseinonevisit.Ticketsincludeadmissionto“Interactive!

TheExhibition”andtheentiremuseum’sgalleriesandgrounds.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇应用文，介绍了罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的开放时间、游览内容、票价优惠等信息。

1．Whatcanvisitorsdowhilevisitingthelibraryandmuseum?

A．FlyonAirForceOne.

B．Experiencevirtualrealityforfree.

C．Approachtechnologyofdifferenttimes.

D．Learnaboutthepresident’sdailyroutine.

C　解析：

细节理解题。

根据WHYWELOVEIT部分中的“Experiencevirtualreality,1980svideogames,robots,3Dprinting”可知，在参观该地时，游客可以体验虚拟现实、20世纪80年代的电子游戏、机器人、3D打印，即他们可以体验不同时期的科技。

故选C。

2．Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheadmissionticket?

A．Itcanbeenjoyedwithotheroffers.

B．Itallowslimitlessvisitstothemuseum.

C．Itisn’taccessibletochildren.

D．Itcannotbechangedoncesold.

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据最后一段中的“Allsalesarefinal.Norefunds（退款）orexchanges.”可知，所有的门票出售都是最终的、不可改变的，不提供退款或更换服务。

故选D。

3．Whattypeofwritingisthispassage?

A．Anotice.

B．Anofficialreport.

C．Anadvertisement.

D．Atourreview.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据文章的形式和内容可以判断出，本文是有关罗纳德·里根总统图书馆和博物馆的广告。

故选C。

B

（2019·武汉武昌区调研）Everynowandthen,aproductcomesalongthatprovesitselfacompletegamechanger,asisthecasewithanewBritishbrandandinvention,Eyejusters—thereadingglassesthatyoucanfocusyourself—forlessthan￡70!

With6in10peoplewearingglassesintheUK,thosewithperfectvisionareincreasinglyintheminority.Andofthosewhodorequireglasses,manyfindthemselvesrequiringtwoorthreepairsofglassesinordertocompletedifferenttasksthroughouttheday.Aswellasbeinganaddedexpenseontopofeverythingelse,thisalsomeanscarryingaround（andtryingnottolose）thoseextrapairs!

Eyejustersallowyoutoinstantlychangethelens（镜片）strengthofyourglasseswithhiddendials,tuckedjustinsidetheframesthemselves.EyejustersworkbythewearersimplyturningtheconcealedeyeDialstochangethefocustofityourneeds.Thelensesadjustfrom＋0.00to＋3.00D．Theyalsohaveantiscratchtechnologyandarelightweightindesignsoyouaren’tpayingthepriceofcomfortforconvenience.

ThecreatorofEyejusters,OwenReading—whocameupwiththeideaforEyejusterswithfriendDavidCrosby,whostudiedphysicsatOxfordwithhim,explained,“Lotsofpeopleneedreadingglassesbuttheyneedglasseswithlotsofdifferentstrength.Theymighthaveapairwith＋1prescriptionstrengthlensesforthecomputer，＋2sforreadingand＋3sforreallycloseupstuff.Eyejustersreplacetheneedformultiplepairsofreadingglasses,bycoveringthewholerangefromzeroto＋3,whichisthestrongestyouwillfindinoverthecounterproducts.”

Headded,“Ifyouwearreadingglasses,theseareamuchmoreflexiblealternative.Youcanputthemonandjustturnthedialuntilwhatyouwanttoseecomesintofocus.Theyaremuchlikeusingbinoculars（双筒望远镜）．”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种视力调节器，人们可以调整镜片焦距以达到不同的目的。

4．Whichhastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedpart“ontopof”inPara.2?

A．Joanstaysontopofthenewsbyreadingnewspapers.

B．Asubmarinecanrununderwateraswellasontopofwater.

C．WhenIturnedthecorner,Iwasrightontopofthepostoffice.

D．Hepromisedtohelpusandontopofthathelentusmanybooks.

D　解析：

词义猜测题。

画线部分上文讲的是，很多人需要两三副眼镜来完成不同的任务，而画线部分所在句子“Aswellasbeinganaddedexpenseontopofeverythingelse,thisalsomeanscarryingaround（andtryingnottolose）thoseextrapairs！

”是说这不但是一笔额外的费用，还意味着到哪里都要带着额外的眼镜（还得注意别把它们弄丢了）。

由此可以推断，ontopof的意思是“除……之外”，所以D项表达的含义与画线部分最接近。

5．EyejustersarepopularforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPTtheir________．

A．newbrand　　　　　　

B．antiscratchtechnology

C．lightweight

D．lowprice

A　解析：

细节理解题。

此题可用排除法。

题干中的关键词是popular与EXCEPT，这就需要找到文中提到的视力调节器的几个优点，并逐一排除。

根据第一段最后的“forlessthan￡70”可知，它的价格低，排除D项；根据第三段最后一句中的“Theyalsohaveantiscratchtechnologyandarelightweightindesignsoyouaren’tpayingthepriceofcomfortforconvenience.”可知，它有抗抓痕技术，还很轻便，排除B项和C项。

故选A项。

6．HowcanyoumakeEyejustersservedifferentpurposes?

A．Byfoldingglasses.

B．Byadjustinglenses.

C．Bycombiningglasses.

D．Bychanginglenses.

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第三段首句“Eyejustersallowyoutoinstantlychangethelens（镜片）strengthofyourglasseswithhiddendials,tuckedjustinsidetheframesthemselves.”可知，人们通过调整镜片的焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选B。

7．WhoneedEyejustersmostaccordingtoOwenReading?

A．Peoplehavingperfectvision.

B．Peoplewearingreadingglasses.

C．Peoplechangingglassesconstantly.

D．Peoplepreferringcomfortableglasses.

C　解析：

推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句可知，为了完成一天之内不同的任务，很多人需要两三副眼镜。

Eyejusters这种新型的眼镜正好可以弥补这个缺陷，可以通过调整镜片焦距来达到不同的目的，所以选C。

C

（2019·长春质监）Canexerciseduringchildhoodprotectyouagainstmemorylossmanydecadeslater？

Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain,inratsatleast.

“Thisisananimalstudy,butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant—notjustforphysicaldevelopment,butforthewholelifelongtrackofcognitive（认知的）developmentduringageing，”saysMartinWojtowiczoftheUniversityofToronto,Canada.“Inhumans,itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer’sdisease（阿尔茨海默病）,possiblytothepointofpreventingit.”

Wojtowicz’steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups,andplacedrunningwheelsinthecagesofonegroupforaperiodofsixweeks.Aroundfourmonthslater—whentheratshadreachedmiddleage—theteamtaughtalltheratstoconnectanelectricshockwithbeinginaspecificbox.Whenplacedinthebox,theyfrozewithfear.

Twoweekslater,theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations：

exactlythesameboxinthesameroom,thesameboxwiththeroomarrangeddifferently,andacompletelydifferentboxinadifferentroom.

Theratswithoutaccesstoarunningwheelwhentheywereyoungnowfrozethesamepercentageoftimesineachofthesesituations,suggestingtheycouldn’trememberwhichonewasdangerous.Butthosethathadbeenabletorunintheiryouthfroze40to50percentlessinbothchangedboxsettings.

“Theresultssuggesttheamountofphysicalactivitywhenwe’reyoung,atleastforrats,hasinfluenceonthebrainandcognitivehealth—intheformofbettermemories—whenwe’reolder，”saysArthurKramerofNortheasternUniversityinBoston,whohasfoundthat,inhumans,exercisepromotesthegrowthofnewbraincells.

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一项科学研究，从而得出早期锻炼对大脑终身有好处的结论。

8．Thestudyshowsthat________．

A．physicalactivityisimportantforphysicalhealth

B．usingtherunningwheelsisofbenefittotherats’growth

C．physicalactivitycanpreventhumans’Alzheimer’sdisease

D．themoreexercisearathaswhenyoung，thebettermemoryitwillpossesswhenolder

D　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第一段内容尤其是第二句“Exerciseearlyinlifeseemstohavelifelongbenefitsforthebrain，inratsatleast.”可知，早期锻炼似乎对大脑终身有好处，至少对老鼠来说是这样的。

故选D项。

9．HowareParagraph3and4mainlydeveloped?

A．Byanalyzingcauses.

B．Bygivinganexample.

C．Bydescribingtheprocess.

D．Byshowingdifferences.

C　解析：

写作手法题。

根据第三段的“Wojtowicz’steamdivided80youngmaleratsintotwoequalgroups...Aroundfourmonthslater...theyfrozewithfear.”和第四段的“Twoweekslater，theteamtestedtheratsinthreesituations”可知，本文第三、四段描述了Wojtowicz的研究小组对老鼠进行实验的过程。

C项意为“通过描述过程”，故选C项。

10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A．Exercise.　　　　　B．Development.

C．Benefit.D．Study.

A　解析：

代词指代题。

根据第二段的“butitshowsthatphysicalactivityatayoungageisveryimportant”及“Inhumans，itmaydelaytheappearanceofAlzheimer’sdisease（阿尔茨海默病）”可知，身体活动很重要，对人类来说，它可能会推迟阿尔茨海默病的出现。

因此“it”在文中指的是“physicalactivity”，A项与其同义，故选A项。

11．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheanimalstudy?

A．Negative.B．Objective.

C．Critical.D．Doubtful.

B　解析：

观点态度题。

通读全文可知，作者介绍了对老鼠进行实验的过程及其结果，并引用数据进行说明，由此可知作者对动物研究的态度是很客观的。

B项意为“客观的”，故选B项。

D

（2019·云南质检）Inasciencefictionfuture,we’llarriveatthehotelinourdriverlesstaxi，checkinatthereceptiondeskstaffedbyandroids,andthenfollowtherobotporter（行李员）asitcarriesourbagstoourroom.

However,thisisalreadyasciencefact.

Robotsarealreadyworkinginsomehotels—theHennnaHotelinSasebo，Japanismannedentirelybymachines.

InaMarriotthotelinGhent,Belgium,ahumanoidrobotnamedMariohasbeenworkingsinceJune2015.Hewelcomesguestsin19languages.

Anotherrobothasjusttakenupaconcierge（接待员）positionataHiltonMcLeanhotelinVirginia.

Sotheriseofthehotelmachinesseemsunstoppable,butwillguestsreallywanttostayinrobotrunh