考研历年英二真题阅读文.docx

考研历年英二真题阅读文.docx

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考研历年英二真题阅读文

考研历年英二真题阅读文

　　考研历年英二真题阅读文1

　　Text3

　　Thepowerandambitionofthegiantsofthedigitaleconomyisastonishing-AmazonhasjustannouncedthepurchaseoftheupmarketgrocerychainWholeFoodsfor$l3.5bn,buttwoyearsagoFacebookpaidevenmorethanthattoacquiretheWhatsAppmessagingservice,whichdoesnthaveanyphysicalproductatall.WhatWhatsAppofferedFacebookwasanintricateandfinelydetailedwebofitsusersfriendshipsandsociallives.

　　FacebookpromisedtheEuropeancommissionthenthatitwouldnotlinkphonenumberstoFacebookidentities,butitbrokethepromisealmostassoonasthedealwentthrough.Evenwithoutknowingwhatwasinthemessages,theknowledgeofwhosentthemandtowhomwasenormouslyrevealingandstillcouldbe.Whatpoliticaljournalist,whatpartywhip,wouldnotwanttoknowthemakeupoftheWhatsAppgroupsinwhichThereaMaysenemiesarecurrentlyplotting?

ItmaybethatthevalueofWholeFoodstoAmazonisnotsomuchthe460shopsitowns,buttherecordsofwhichcustomershavepurchasedwhat.

　　Competitionlawappearstobetheonlywaytoaddresstheseimbalancesofpower.Butitisclumsy.Foronething,itisveryslowcomparedtothepaceofChangewithinthedigitaleconomy.Bythetimeaproblemhasbeenaddressedandremedieditmayhavevanishedinthemarketplace,tobereplacedbynewabusesofpower.Butthereisadeeperconceptualproblem,too.Competitionlawaspresentlyinterpreteddealswithfinancialdisadvantagetoconsumersandthisisnotobviouswhentheusersoftheseservicesdontpayforthem.TheusersoftheirServicesarenottheircustomers.Thatwouldbethepeoplewhobuyadvertisingfromthem-andFacebookandGoogle,thetwovirtualgiants,dominatedigitaladvertisingtothedisadvantageofallothermediaandentertainmentcompanies.

　　Theproducttheyresellingisdata,andwe,theusers,convertourlivestodateforthebenefitofthedigitalgiants.Justassomeantsfarmthebugscalledaphidsforthehoneydewtheproducewhentheyfeed,soGooglefarmsusforthedatathatourdigitallivesyield.Antskeeppredatoryinsectsawayfromwheretheiraphidsfeed;Gmailkeepsthespammeoutofourinboxes.Itdoesntfeellikeahumanordemocraticrelationship,evenifbothsidesbenefit.

　　31.AccordingtoParagraph1,FacebookacquiredWhatsAppforits.

　　[A]digitalproducts

　　[B]userinformation

　　[C]physicalassets

　　[D]qualityservice

　　32.LinkingphonenumberstoFacebookidentitiesmay.

　　[A]worsenpoliticaldisputes

　　[B]messupcustomerrecords

　　[C]posearisktoFacebookusers

　　[D]misleadtheEuropeancommission

　　33.Accordingtotheauthor,competitionlaw.

　　[A]shouldseverthenewmarketpowers

　　[B]mayworsentheeconomicimbalance

　　[C]shouldnotprovidejustonelegalsolution

　　[D]cannotkeeppacewiththechangingmarket

　　34.CompetitionlawaspresentlyinterpretedcanhardlyprotectFacebookusersbecause.

　　[A]theyarenotdefinedascustomers

　　[B]theyarenotfinanciallyreliable

　　[C]theservicesaregenerallydigital

　　[D]theservicesarepaidforbyadvertisers

　　35.Theantsanalogyisusedtoillustrate.

　　[A]awin-winbusinessmodelbetweendigitalgiants

　　[B]atypicalcompetitionpatternamongdigitalgiants

　　[C]thebenefitsprovidedfordigitalgiants’customers

　　[D]therelationshipbetweendigitalgiantsandtheirusers

　　考研历年英二真题阅读文2

　　Text3

　　Evenintraditionaloffices，"thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago，"saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehnShestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIparachutedbacktoFortune500companiesin1990，wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikeJourney,mission,passion.Thereweregoals，therewerestrategies，therewereobjectives，butwedidnttalkaboutenergy;wedidnttalkaboutpassion."

　　Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery"team"-oriented-andnotbycoincidence."LetsnotforgetsDorts-inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica，itsstillabigdeal.Itsnotexplicitlyconscious;itstheideathatImacoach，andyouremyteam，andwereinthistogethec.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies，butmostthinkofthemselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin".

　　Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning-and，asKhuranapointsout，increaseallegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationofterminologythathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations：

Termslikevision，values，passion，andpurpose，"saidKhurana

　　Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasinglylouddebatesoverwork-lifebalanceThe"mommywars"ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcanthaveitallandbookslikeSherylSandbergsLeanIn，whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeandthehomeButifyourworkisyour"passion,"youIIbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit，evenifthatmeansgoinghomefordinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed

　　Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak：

Everyonemakesfunofit，butmanagersloveit，companiesdependonit，andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbitAsNunbergsaid，"Youcangetpeopletothinkitsnonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit."Inaworkplacethatsfundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaningofficespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthowyourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare

　　31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome________

　　[A]moreemotional

　　[B]moreobjective

　　[C]lessenergetic

　　[D]lessenergetic

　　[E]lessstrategic

　　32."team"-orientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto________

　　[A]historicalincidents

　　[B]genderdifference

　　[C]sportsculture

　　[D]athleticexecutives

　　33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto________

　　[A]revivehistoricalterms

　　[B]promotecompanyimage

　　[C]fostercorporatecooperation

　　[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

　　34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn_________

　　[A]voicesforworkingwomen

　　[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

　　[C]triggersdcbatesamongmommies

　　[D]praisesmotivatedemployees

　　35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?

　　[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit

　　[B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense

　　[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental

　　[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit

　　考研历年英二真题阅读文3

　　Text3

　　Scientistshavefoundthatalthoughwearepronetosnapoverreactions,ifwetakeamomentandthinkabouthowwearelikelytoreact,wecanreduceoreveneliminatethenegativeeffectsofourquick,hard-wiredresponses.

　　Snapdecisionscanbeimportantdefensemechanisms;ifwearejudgingwhethersomeoneisdangerous,ourbrainsandbodiesarehard-wiredtoreactveryquickly,withinmilliseconds.Butweneedmoretimetoassessotherfactors.Toaccuratelytellwhethersomeoneissociable,studiesshow,weneedatleastaminute,preferablyfive.Ittakesawhiletojudgecomplexaspectsofpersonality,likeneuroticismoropen-mindedness.

　　Butsnapdecisionsinreactiontorapidstimuliaren’texclusivetotheinterpersonalrealm.PsychologistsattheUniversityofTorontofoundthatviewingafast-foodlogoforjustafewmillisecondsprimesustoread20percentfaster,eventhoughreadinghaslittletodowitheating.Weunconsciouslyassociatefastfoodwithspeedandimpatienceandcarrythoseimpulsesintowhateverelsewe’redoing,Subjectsexposedtofast-foodflashesalsotendtothinkamusicalpiecelaststoolong.

　　Yetwecanreversesuchinfluences.Ifweknowwewilloverreacttoconsumerproductsorhousingoptionswhenweseeahappyface（onereasongoodsalesrepresentativesandrealestateagentsarealwayssmiling）,wecantakeamomentbeforebuying.Ifweknowfemalejobscreenersaremorelikelytorejectattractivefemaleapplicants,wecanhelpscreenersunderstandtheirbiases-orhireoutsidescreeners.

　　JohnGottman,themarriageexpert,explainsthatwequickly“thinslice”informationreliablyonlyafterwegroundsuchsnapreactionsin“thicksliced”long-termstudy.WhenDr.Gottmanreallywantstoassesswhetheracouplewillstaytogether,heinvitesthemtohisislandretreatforamucklongerevaluation;twodays,nottwoseconds.

　　Ourabilitytomuteourhard-wiredreactionsbypausingiswhatdifferentiatesusfromanimals:

dogecanthinkaboutthefutureonlyintermittentlyorforafewminutes.Buthistoricallywehavespentabout12percentofourdayscontemplatingthelongerterm.Althoughtechnologymightchangethewaywereact,ithasn’tchangedournature.Westillhavetheimaginativecapacitytoriseabovetemptationandreversethehigh-speedtrend.

　　31.Thetimeneededinmakingdecisionsmay____.

　　[A]varyaccordingtotheurgencyofthesituation

　　[B]provethecomplexityofourbrainreaction

　　[C]dependontheimportanceoftheassessment

　　[D]predeterminetheaccuracyofourjudgment

　　32.Ourreactiontoafast-foodlogoshowsthatsnaodecisions____.

　　[A]canbeassociative

　　[B]arenotunconscious

　　[C]canbedangerous

　　[D]arenotimpulsive

　　33.Toreversethenegativeinfluencesofsnapdecisions,weshould____.

　　[A]trustourfirstimpression

　　[B]doaspeopleusuallydo

　　[C]thinkbeforeweact

　　[D]askforexpertadvice

　　34.JohnGottmansaysthatreliablesnapreactionarebasedon____.

　　[A]criticalassessment

　　[B]‘‘thinsliced’’study

　　[C]sensibleexplanation

　　[D]adequateinformation