美国文学简史期末复习资料.docx
《美国文学简史期末复习资料.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国文学简史期末复习资料.docx（13页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。
美国文学简史期末复习资料
i.TheColonialPeriod
1.关键词:
AmericaPuritanism
2.Calvinism特点:
totaldepravity,Unconditionalelection,Limitedatonement,Irresistiblegrace,Perseveranceofthesaints
3.AnneBradstreet（P17）:
aPuritanpoetbeknownas“TheMuse”
4.ThomasPaine:
oneofcontinual,unswervingfightfortherightsofman.
5.works:
“CommonSense”“AmericanCrisis”“TheRightsofMan”“TheAgeofReason”理性时代
6.PhillipFreneau（P22）:
美国文学史上的重要人物
7.dawningnationalism代表人物
Poems:
TheWildHoneysuckle野生的金银花
firstmodernAmerican&thelastmedievalman
8.JonathanEdwards（Calvinism）
9.acriticalroleinshapingtheFirstGreatAwakening
10.works:
“TheFreedomoftheWill”《自由意志论》“TheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSinDefended”《伟哉原罪论辩》“TheNatureofTrueVirtue”“AmericanDream”“Self-made”
11.BenjaminFranklin（puritanism）
12.“PoorRichard’sAlmance”“autobiography”新文学形式
13.“18thcenturyenlightenment”
ii.Romanticism
1.WashingtonIrving（1783-1859）
2.①titles:
“thefatherofAmericanliterature”
3.“theAmericanGoldsmith”
4.②works:
TheSketchBook（markedthebeginningofAmericanRomanticismandthebeginningofshortstoriesasagenreinAmericanliterature）
5.RipVanWinkle（P47—P48）
TheLegendofSleepyHollow
6.JamesFenimoreCooper（1789-1851）
7.①OneofthefirstwritertowriteAmericanWestwardmovement
8.②“TheLeatherstockingTales”（novel）
9.firstis“ThePioneers”
10.---Plot:
---themeconflictbetweenNattyBumppoandJudgeTemple-
---character:
NattyBumppo---innocent,simple,honestandgenerous,forfreedom,againstcivilization,wildernessisgood
JudgeTemple---just,reasonable,forcivilizationandlaw
③Writingstyle:
intriguingplot
majesticlandscapedescriptions
richimagination
woodencharacterization
notauthenticdialect
iii.NewEnglandTranscendentalism---theculminationofAmericanRomanticism
iv.BeginningoftheTranscendentalism---1836,Nature,Emerson（1830s–theCivilWar）
v.Features：
a:
emphasizingonspiritortheOver-soul；b:
stressingtheimportanceoftheindividual；c:
offeringafreshperceptionofnatureassymbolicoftheSpiritorGod.
1.RalphWaldoEmerson：
ThefounderoftheTranscendentalistclubandtheeditorforatimeofthejournaltheDial
2.Works:
Nature---“theManifestoofAmericanTranscendentalism”“theBibleofNewEngland”:
ThePoet（fromNature）
TheAmericanScholar---“IntellectualDeclarationofIndependence”
3.HenryDavidThoreau
4.Masterpiece:
Walden（Failurefirst,successinthe20thcentury）
5.Content---afaithfulrecordofhisreflectionincommunicatingwithnature
6.NathanielHawthorne
7.“TheScarletLetter”
8.Plot（P74）
Theme:
---（generaltheme）evilandsinexistinhumanheartandwillbepunishedoneday
moral,emotionalandpsychologicaleffectofthesinonthepeopleingeneral
---（specifictheme）ahymnonthemoralgrowthofthewomanHesterwhensinnedagainst
symbolism象征主义:
“A”—Adultery—able—angel
“pearl”—treasure
9.HermanMelville
10.works:
MobyDick（1851）---littleresponse,famousuntilthe20thcentury
11.Content:
---（generalcontent）anencyclopediaofeverything
---（specificcontent）atragedyofmanfightingagainstoverwhelmingpowerinanindifferentevenhostileworld
12.EdgarAllanPoe
13.Theme:
Thedeathofbeauty
Senseofloss
Works:
Poem---“TheRaven”“ToHelen”“AnnabelLee”
Writingstyle:
Musical
Repetitionofwords
Paralleledstructure
Melancholyatmosphere（tone）
Shortstory---TheFalloftheHouseofUsher
Plot:
（P112）
Theme:
thefallofthehouse---theannihilation（disintegration）andofperson
14.EmilyDickinson
15.Subjectandtheme:
1（almostonethird）Deathandimmortality
2“Mylifeclosedtwicebeforeitsclose”
3“BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath”
4theme:
Everyonecan’tliveforever.Onlyafterdeathcanwegetimmortality（immortalityofsoul）
5“IheardaFlyBuzz-WhenIdied”
6theme:
skeptical&ambivalentaboutdeath
7reluctancetodeath
8Love
9“WildNights-Wildnights”（P99）
10nature（bothbenevolentandcruel）
“I’lltellyouhowthesunrose”
11emphasisoffreewillandhumanresponsibility
12“Tofightaloud”
13“Atriumphmaybe”
14soul（convictionofhersovereignty）
15“IknowthatHeexists”
“TheBrainiswiderthanthesky”
Theme:
influenceofTranscendentalism
Humanbeing’smind（soul）isasdivineasGod
16beauty,truthandgoodnessareultimatelyone
“Idiedforbeauty-butwasscare”
“Tellallthetruthbuttellitslant”（P102）
Writingstyle:
emotional,original,againsttradition
Choiceofwords,verbalconstruction（capitalizedanddash）,spelling,fulloffreshimages,brief,direct,plainwordsbutnoteasytoread
Influence:
precursortotheImagistmovement
16.WaltWhitman
17.Works:
“LeavesofGrass”草叶集（9editionsfrom1855to1892,Famousuntilthe5thedition）
18.PoemsinLeavesofGrass:
19.“SongofMyself”（mostfamousone）
“OutoftheCradleEndlesslyRocking”（1859）
“WhenLilacs紫丁香LastintheDooryardBloom’d”（1865）
“OCaptainMyCaptain!
”
Writingstyle:
freeverse（noregularrhyme,butmusical）
vi.过渡时期
HarrietBeecherStowe
work:
UncleTom’sCabin---ThegreatestmanifestoofAmericananti-slavery（最有名的反奴隶制作品）
Content:
afaithfulrecordofAmericanblackpeople'smiserablelife.
vii.Realism镀金时代GildedAge
1.WilliamDeanHowells豪厄尔斯
2.①title:
“championofliteraryrealisminUS”“firstpresidentofAmericanAcademyofArtsandLetters”
3.②works:
4.essay---CriticismandFiction
5.novel---TheRiseofSilasLapham
6.Plot:
P120-121
Character:
SilasLapham---commonBostonianofthelate19thcentury,averageAmericahappywithhisfamilyandproudofhissuccessintheworld
Theme:
house---symbolofLapham’ssuccess（inmaterial）andaspirationforthepolitesociety
theburningofthehouse---financialfallandmoralrise
7.HenryJames
8.①themes:
exchangesbetweenAmericansandEuropeans美国和欧洲文化的冲突
9.②写作手法：
a.eliminatestheauthorandgivesthereadertheillusionofbeingpresentatthesceneofaction让读者置身于情境中
10.b.withoutcommentsorexplanations:
Dramatize,onlydramatize,ishislesson作者只设定情境
11.③Threedistinctiveperiods:
12.a.1865-1882novels
13.TheAmerican（1877）美国人
TheEuropeans（1878）欧洲人
ThePortraitofaLady（1881）淑女本色贵妇的肖像
DaisyMiller（1878）短篇小说
b.1882-1895plays
c.1895-1990novels
TheTurnoftheScrew（1898）短篇小说碧庐冤孽（螺丝在旋紧）
TheWingsoftheDove（1902）鸽之翼
TheAmbassadors（1903）大使（奉使记）
TheGoldenBowl（1904）金碗
14.MarkTwain（LocalColorism）
15.①Works:
TheAdventureofTomSawyer
16.TheAdventureofHuckleberryFinn汤姆索亚历险记的续集，海明威称赞“allmodernAmericanliteraturecomes”
17.②theme:
racism&slavery
18.intellectual&moraleducation
Thehypocrisyofcivilized”society
③realname:
SamuelLanghorneClemens
④背景:
MississippiRiver
viii.Naturalism（是现实主义的高级阶段）
Time:
attheendofthe19thcentury
Subjectofnaturalist:
detaileddescriptionoflivesofthelowandtheabnormal,frankdescriptionofhumanpassionandsexuality,andportrayalofmenoverwhelmedbynature
Themeofnaturalists:
pessimistic,deterministic
自然主义的起源：
EmileZola“surroundingandheredity遗传candecideone’sdestiny”
写作手法：
ironic讽刺,lesssympathy,moreseriousthanrealism,deterministic决定论
1.StephenCrane
2.①Works:
（novels）Maggie:
AGirloftheStreets（1893）andTheRedBadgeofCourage（1895）（shortstories）“TheOpenBoat”
3.②Writingstyle:
psychologicaldescription,visualbeautywithsymbols
4.FrankNorris
5.①works:
（Novel）McTeague麦克提格（1899）首部全面展示自然主义的作品
theOctopus章鱼（bestwork）（1901）railway
Writingstyle:
richmaterial
freshimagery
poeticmodeoffiction
preciseandexactword
（Essayofliterarycriticism）TheResponsibilitiesoftheNovelists（1903）
6.O.Henry（aprolificAmericanshort-storywriter）多产短篇小说家
1Realname:
WilliamPorter
2TheGiftoftheMagi
3Writingstyle:
short,interestingandcleverplot,good-naturedhumor,surprisingend,keenobservationofdetails,slangandcolloquialexpressions
7.TheodoreDreiser西奥多·德莱塞
8.works:
SisterCarrie（1990）《嘉丽妹妹》
JennieGerhardt（1911）《珍妮姑娘》（姐妹篇）
TheFinancier（1912）《金融家》
“TrilogyofDesire”（欲望三部曲）TheTitan（1914）《巨头》
TheStoic（1947）《斯多葛》
The"Genius"（1915）《天才》--autobiographicalnovel
AnAmericanTragedy--greatestandmostsuccessfulPoliticalcommentaryset
9.JackLondon
10.Works:
---ReflectionofhisInvolvementinthesocialistmovement:
TheIronHeel,ThePeopleoftheAbyss
---ReflectionofhisbeliefinDarwinism:
TheCalloftheWild（1903）适者生存,TheSeaWolf（1904）
---Reflectionoftheconflictingview:
autobiographicalnovelMartinEden（1909）
ix.Modernism
Twoliteraryperiods
•1920s---TheFirstWorldWar（adecadeofgreatjoyandhappenings）
•1930s---TheGreatDepression
1.EzraPound---thefounderofImagistmovement（深受中国文化的影响）
2.works:
translationsofLipo’spoems“TheRiver-Merchant’sWife”翻译李白的《长干行》
3.InaStationoftheMetro
Theapparitionofthesefacesinthecrowd;
Petalsonawet,blackbough.—EzraPound
4.T.S.Eliot
5.Poems
TheWasteLand（1922）---spiritualcrisisofpostwarEurope,likeamanifestoofthe“Lostgeneration”
TheLoveSongofJ.AlfredPrufrock（1917）---apoemwithanotablemodernemotionalcolor，意识流，现代主义情感色彩
6.WallaceStevens
7.Basictheme:
interrelationshipbetweenrealityandart,powerofimagination
Works:
“AnecdoteoftheJar”古坛轶事
8.WilliamCarlosWilliams
9.Works:
Famouspoem:
Paterson帕特森（1946–58）.
Subject:
everydaycircumstancesoflifeandthelivesofcommonpeople.
Writingstyle:
unusualmetersandstyles,easyandenjoyabletoread
10.CarlSandburg---OneofThegreatestpoetsinthe“ChicagoRenaissance”---ChicagoPoems
11.RobertFrost
12.Subject:
thepeopleandlandscapeofNewEngland.
（Misconceptionofhimasalyricpoetorasanauthenticpainteroflocallandscape）
Theme:
（universalandabstract）thecomplexityofhuman
升级会员 