英语50套高中英语阅读理解及解析.docx

英语50套高中英语阅读理解及解析.docx

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英语50套高中英语阅读理解及解析

【英语】50套高中英语阅读理解及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Durian（榴莲）isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome（基因组）andfindout,

   Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.

   Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.

   However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.

   Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.

   Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.

（1）Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?

A. Onionsnearby.                                                 

B. Twogenecopies.

C. Rotteningredientsinit.                                   

D. Volatilesulfurcompounds.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?

A. Developed.                        B. Escaped.                        C. Predicted.                        D. Tolerated.

（3）Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A. Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.                         

B. Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.

C. Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.         

D. Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.

（4）What'sthebesttitleforthetext?

A. What'sDurian?

B. TheInfluenceoftheSmell

C. TheDistributionofDurian                               D. TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian

【答案】

（1）D

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃，这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果，同时传播种子。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds（含硫化合物）,becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知，研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物（South-Type），在水果中非常活跃，发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据倒数第二段内容可知，研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。

通过基因图，发现了这种水果的基因庞大，有46000条基因。

在这些基因的帮助下，他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的，并发现榴莲与可可树有关。

A项develop“使进化”，与划线词evolved是同义词。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,”可知，并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的，有些榴莲是不可以吃的。

由此可推断出选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果，但没有人知道原因。

新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。

最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。

由此可知，本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，，推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

WISHYOUWEREMORECREATIVE?

   Iwanttoaskyouafavor.Ihaveapairofpants.Tellme:

HowmanydifferentwayscanIputapairofpantstouse?

Nowimagineyou'reanarchitect.Samequestion.Nowimagineyou'reBillGates.Ascubadiver.Amedievalknight.Youstillhavethepants.Whatalternativeusescometomind?

   Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself-isanexercisethat,accordingtopsychiatristSriniPillay,MD,isessentialtobeingcreative.

   Onegreatirony（讽刺）aboutourcollectiveaddictiontocreativityisthatwetendtoframeitinuncreativeways.Thatistosay,mostofusmarrycreativitytoourconceptofself:

Eitherwe're"creative"orwearen't,withoutmuchofamiddleground."I'mjustnotacreativeperson!

"adiscouragedstudentmightsayinartclass,whileanothermightblamehertalentatpaintingforherdifficultiesinmath,makingacomment"I'mveryright-brained."

   Dr.Pillay,anassistantprofessoratHarvardUniversity,hasspentyearsoverturningtheseideas.Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto"believeinyourself."Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:

Believeyouaresomeoneelse.

   Hepointstoastudyshowingtheimpactofstereotypeonone'sbehavior.Theauthors,psychologistsDenisDumasandKevinDunbar,dividedtheircollegestudentsubjectsintotwogroups,instructingonegrouptothinkofthemselvesas"eccentricpoets"andtheothertoimaginetheywere"rigidlibrarians".Theresearchersthenpresentedthemallwithordinaryobjects,includingafork,acarrot,andapairofpants,andaskedthemtocomeupwithasmanydifferentusesaspossibleforeachone.Theformergroupcameupwiththewidestrangeofideas,whereasthelatterhadthefewest.

   Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta"productofcontextandperspective".Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.

   Dr.Pillay'sworktakesthisastepfurther:

Hearguesthatsimplyidentifyingyourselfascreativeislesspowerfulthantakingthebrave,creativestepofimaginingyouaresomebodyelse.Thisexercise,whichhecallspsychologicalHalloweenism,referstotheconsciousactionof"wearing"anotherself.Anactormayemploythistechniquetogetintocharacter,butanyonecanuseit.AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.Mostpeoplespendnearlyhalfoftheirdaysinastateof"unfocus."Thisdoesn'tmakeuslazy;itmakesushuman.

   Imaginingyourselfinanewsituation,oranentirelynewidentity,neverfeltsoproductive.You'remakingyourselfmorecreative,andyou'regivingyourselfpermissiontodosomethingyou'dotherwisefeelguiltyabout.

（1）What'sthefunctionofthequestionsinparagraph1?

A. Toleadinthetopic.                                         

B. Tomakeacomparison.

C. Tostateanopinion.                                         

D. Toaskafavor.

（2）ThestudyledbyDenisDumasandKevinDunbarproves     

A. creativityisanindividualcharacteristic          

B. librariansaremorecreativethanpoets

C. ordinaryobjectscanimprovecreativity         

D. yourcreativityisdeterminedbyyourself

（3）AccordingtoDr.Pillay,Halloweenismworksbecause      .

A. itisanactofunconsciousfocus                     

B. certainbrainareasbegintoacttogether

C. peopleareinastateoflaziness                      D. allactorsemploythistechnique

（4）Ifyouwanttobemorecreative,youaresupposedto    .

A. focusonaspecifictask                                    B. believeinyourowntalent

C. pretendtobesomeoneelse                           

D. turntoberight-brained

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）B

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，论述了如何让自己更有创造力，给读者展示了一种心理学理念心理角色扮演：

遇见更有创造力的自己。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段可知作者问读者一条裤子可以有多少种不同的用法?

并让读者假设自己是一名建筑师，比尔盖茨，带水肺的潜水员，一个中世纪的骑士等等思考同样的问题；再根据第二段”Whatyoujustpracticed--theconsciousactof"wearing"anotherself--isanexercisethat…isessentialtobeingcreative.“可知作者接着说刚才你所练习的有意识地"穿戴"另一个自我的行为是一种对保持创造力至关重要的练习。

这说明作者在第一段问这些问题就是为了引出下文中的"创造力"话题，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第六段”Theseresultssuggestthatcreativityisnotanindividualcharacteristicbuta‘productofcontextandperspective’.Everyonecanbecreative,aslongasheorshefeelslikeacreativeperson.“可知DenisDumas和KevinDunbar的研究结果表明创造力不是个体特征，而是"环境和视角的产物"。

每个人都可以有创造力，只要他或她觉得自己是一个有创造力的人。

也就是说一个人的创造力是取决于自己的。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第七段中的”AccordingtoDr.Pillay,itworksbecauseitisanactofconsciousunfocus,acollectionofbrainregionsthatspringintoactionwhenyou'renotfocusedonaspecifictaskorthought.“可知据皮莱博士说，心理万圣节之所以有效，是因为它是一种有意识的分散注意力的行为，当你不专注于某一特定任务或思想时，大脑中一系列区域就起作用。

这说明心理万圣节有效是因为大脑的某些区域大脑协同工作，故选B。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的”Hebelievesthatthekeytounlockingyourcreativepotentialistochallengethestereotyped（陈词滥调的）advicethaturgesyouto‘believeinyourself.’Infact,youshoulddotheopposite:

Believeyouaresomeoneelse.“可知想象自己处在一个新的环境中，或者是一个全新的身份，你会感到从未有过的高效，你让自己更有创造力。

由此推断所以要变得有创造力的话，要想象自己有一个全新的身份，也就是把自己想象成另外一个人。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Astudyshowedthattheexperienceschildrenhaveintheirfirstfewyearsareimportant.Theseexperiencesaffectthedevelopmentofthebrain.Whenchildrenreceivemoreattention,theyoftenhavehigherIQs.Babiesreceiveinformationwhentheysee,hearandfeelthings,whichmakesconnectionsbetweendifferentpartsofthebrain.Thereareahundredtrillion（万亿）connectionsinthebrainofathree-year-oldchild.

   ResearcherJuditGervaintestedhowgoodnewbornsareatdistinguishingdifferentsoundpatterns.Herresearchersproducedimagesofthebrainsofbabiesastheyhearddifferentsoundpatterns.Forexample,oneorderwasmu-ba-ba.Thisisthepattern"A-B-B".Anothe