定语从句解释和练习.docx

定语从句解释和练习.docx

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定语从句解释和练习

AttributiveClauses定语从句

I.在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。

被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词（antecedent）。

定语从句一般放在先行词之后。

II.e.g.ThetrainwhichhasjustleftisforBeijing.

Thisistheteacherwhowillgiveusatalkonthenon-finiteverb.

III.定语从句分为限制性定语从句（RestrictiveAttributiveClauses）和非限制性定语从句（Non-RestrictiveAttributiveClauses）两种。

e.g.Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.

（限制性定从，拿掉从句剩下部分意思就不清楚）

ThisnotewasleftbyXiaoWu,whowashereamomentago.（非限制性定从,通常用

逗号隔开,对所修之词作进一步说明,拿掉从句其它部分仍可成立）

Thisisaplace（which）Ihavelongwantedtovisit.（限制性定从）

TheywillflytoHongkong,wheretheyplantostayfortwoorthreedays,andthengoontoTokyo.（非限制性定从）

Shealwaysgivesmeapples,whichisverykindofher.（非限制性定从）

HaveyoueverbeentoChina,whichhasalonghistoryof5000years?

（独一无二的专有名词，后面的定从一般只用非限制性）1.定语从句修饰"人"时,一般用关系代词who,that,whom和whose。

它们在从句中分别做主语、宾语和定语。

e.g.Anoldfriendofminewhoservesinthearmycametoseemeyesterday.（Subject）

Isshethegirlthatsellsflowers?

（Subject）

Thisistheman（that）Ireferredto.（Object）

Wecan'tsay:

ThisisthemantothatIreferred.

Butwecansay:

ThisisthemantowhomIreferred.

Whoisthestudent（whom/that）Mr.Lipraisedatthemeeting?

（Object）

IknowaladywhosehusbandisaNobelPrizewinner.（Attribute.）

Shehaseightchildren,threeofwhomlivedtogrowup.（Prepositionalobject）

2.修饰"物"时，一般用关系代词that和which,它们在从句中可做主语和宾语。

e.g.Itisaquestionthatneedscarefulconsideration.（Subject）

Thebookwhich/thatisontheshelfisveryuseful.（Subject）

Therose（that/which）yougavemeisverybeautiful.（Object）

Youcantakeanybook（that）youlike.（Object）

Thetool（that）heisworkingwithiscalledawrench.（Object）

Wecan'tsay:

Thetoolwiththatheisworkingiscalledawrench.

Butwecansay:

Thetoolwithwhichheisworkingiscalledawrench.

Itnowhas20,000hectaresofland,morethantwo-thirdsofwhichareundercultivation.

3.修饰表示"时间"的词时，用关系副词when,它在定语从句中作时间状语。

4.e.g.October1st,1949wasthedaywhenthePeople'sRepublicofChinawasfounded.（when=onwhich）

Thisisthehourwhentheplaceisfullofchildren.

But:

MaythefourthisthedaywhichweChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

Comeanytimeyoulike.（"when"canbeomittedinsomesentences）4.修饰表示"地点"的词时，用关系副词where,它在定语从句中作地点状语。

e.g.Iknowofaplacewherewecanswim.

ThisisthevillagewhereChairmanMaolived.（where=inwhich）

But:

Thisisthevillage（which）ChairmanMaovisited.

5.在reason后的定语从句可由关系副词why引起,它在从句中作原因状语。

e.g.Thatisthereason（why）Ilikeher.

Doyouknowthereason（why）healwaysfailsintheexams?

But:

Thereasonwhichhegivesfornotcomingisthathismotherwon’tlethim.

6.另外,as也可作关系代词，引起定语从句,常和such,same等连用。

e.g.Suchpeopleas（Peoplesuchas）youdescribearerarenowadays.

Theycommittedsuchfascistatrocitiesashadseldombeenknowninhistory.

Heopposedtheidea,ascouldbeexpected.

HeisfromShantou,asIknowfromhisaccent.

Ihavethesametroubleasyou（have）.

III.修饰物时，that和which的用法区别:

1.Wecanonlyuse"that"inthefollowingsituations:

1）.Whentheantecedentsare"all,everything,nothing,something,anything,theone,little,few,much,etc."

e.g.AllthatwehavetodoforourstudentsistosuggesthowtheycanlearnEnglishbythecomparativemethod.

Isthereanythingthatbelongstoyou?

2）.Whentheantecedentsaremodifiedbyordinalnumeralsorthesuperlativedegree:

e.g.ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas"ATaleofTwoCities"byCharlesDickens.

ThisisthemostinterestingbookthatIhaveeverread.

2.Wecanonlyuse"which"inthefollowingsituations:

1）.afterthepreposition:

e.g.Thisisthehouseaboutwhichwewrotetoyou.

2）.inthenon-restrictiveattributiveclauses:

e.g."TheTempest",whichwaswrittenbyShakespeare,isreadallovertheworld.

定语从句练习ExercisesforAttributiveClauses

1.Pointouttheattributiveclausesandstatethefunctionoftherelative

pronounsandadverbs:

1）.Bringmethemagazinewhichliesontheshelfinthedrawingroom.2）.Imettheclevergirlwhomyouhaveoftenpraised.3）.Itisthelargestpowerstationthathaseverbeenbuiltinthisprovince.4）.ThetowntowardswhichwearemovingistheoneIusedtolivein.5）.YesterdayIsawyourbrother,whotoldmethegoodnewsofyourmother'srecoveryfromherillness.6）.EverythingthatwesawattheWestLakewascharmingandbeautiful.7）.Wereachedalittlehut,wherewetookshelterfromtherain.8）.NexttermIintendtotakeEnglishpoetry,whichisasubjectIhavelongwantedtostudy.9）.DumaswasafamousFrenchnovelist,whoseworksiswidelyreadinChina.

10）.Thedinnerpartywasheldinalargehallonthethirdfloor,whichwasalreadycrowdedwithpeoplewhenweentered.11）.Ifeeljustthesameasyoudo.12）.Theyhaveinvitedmetovisittheircountry,whichisverykindofthem.13）.I'vegottwobooksthatdealwithmusic,bothofwhichIlikeverymuch.14）.Buthelpneverstoppedcomingfromthedayshefellill.15）.Doyouknowthereasonwhytheydidn'tcometoourparty?

1.Correctthemistakesinthefollowingsentences:

1）.ThebookthatIborroweditfromthelibraryiswellwritten.2）.ThisistheplacewhereDengXiaopingvisited.3）.Thehousestoodattheplacewhichtheroadsmeet.

4）.DidyouseetheyoungmanwhomwaschosentheLeaguesecretary?

5）.Weshallvisittheuniversitywheremyfatherteachesthere.

6）.Canyouthinkofanyonewho'shouseisonapileofrocks?

7）.ThedaywhichIwastostartarrivedatlast.

8）.Ihaveknownthereasonwhichsheissoworried.

9）.Thisisthegirlwhopractiseplayingthepianoeveryday.

10）.Shetoreupmyphoto,thatupsetme.

11）.Hehasfoundthebookaboutthattheteachertoldhim.

12）.Everythingwhichremainscanbedividedbetweenyou.

13）.IsshethegirlwhohergrandfatherwasaRedArmyman?

14）.Thegirlstudiesmusicplaystheviolinverywell.

15）.Thehouseonwhereweliveisverylarge.

16）.Doyouknowthedriverwhomcausedthetrafficaccidentwhereamanwaskilled?

17）.Unclewantedtomeettheboy,thathadfoundhislostwallet.

18）.Thisistheonehundredthletterwhichshehasreceivedfromthatboy.

2.Puttheparticipialphrasesintoattributiveclauses:

1）.Whoisthegirlfacingus?

2）.Peopleholdingsuchviewsoughttobecriticized.

3）.Hereareafewpicturesshowingushowtooperatetheinstrument.

4）.Thereisaspecialroomreservedfortheaged,formothersandchildren.5）.Thereactor,builtontheworld'slatestdesigns,isthebiggestinAsia.6）.Didyouseethemantalkingtothedean?

7）.Wemustkeepasecretofthethingsbeingdiscussedhere.8）.Thosewerethechiefproblemsconfrontingus.9）.Theexaminationnevertakenbeforewasveryimportanttous.10）.HowIregretthedayshavingbeenwastedindoingtheuselesswork!

4.Choosethebestanswer:

1）.Smallpox,___oncekilledthousandsofpeopleeveryyear,hasnowbeenwipedout.a.whichb.thatc.whatd.as2）.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,___isbecomingverypopularinChina.a.thatb.itc.whichd.what3）.It'safamilyofthreechildren,___arestudyingmusic.a.allofwhomb.eitherofwhomc.someofwhod.anyofwhom4）.IsJoanthewoman___Maryislearningtoplaythepiano?

a.fromwhob.withwhomc.ofwhomd.withher5）.Theymustalsomakeuseofsuchformsofstruggle___permittedbylaw.a.whichisb.whoarec.thatisd.asare6）.Thisistheplace___ComradeLeiFengoncelived.a.whereb.whichc.onwhichd.that7）.Shehurriedbackhomeandtoldherfatherall___.a.whathappenedb.whichwashappened

c.thatwashappenedd.thathadhappened

8）.I'veboughtthesamekindofelectricfan___youboughtlastweek.a.whichb.thatc.liked.as9）.Isawtheman___yousaidwasaway.a.whob.whomc.whosed.as10）.Itwasyesterday___wemetyourteacheratthepostoffice.a.whenb.thatc.whomd.which11）.Westillremembertheday___wespentdoingtheexperiment.a.whenb.whichc.whatd.onwhich

12）.Thehouse___LuXunoncevisitedisoverthere.

a.whereb.inwhichc.thatd.when

13）.Thisisthesameperson___cameyesterday.

a.whob.whomc.thatd.as

14）.Heisnotsuchafool___helooks.

a.whob.whomc.thatd.as

15）.Agirl___Tomhadspokengotthejob.

a.whenb.thatc.aboutwhod.aboutwhom

16）.TheCuriesfoundanoldbuilding___theyusedastheirlabandworkshops.

a.whenb.inwhichc.whered.which

17）.Paulisoneoftheboys___praisedatthemeeting.

a.whowereb.whowasc.whomwasd.whowasbeen

18）.Thereason___shewaslatewasthatshehadtakenawrongbus.

a.whyc.thatc.whend.where

19）.Fromtimetotimewemustlookupwords___.

a.wedon'tknowtheirmeanings.b.whichwedon'tknowthemeanings.

c.whosemeaningswedon'tknow.d.meaningofwhichwedon'tknow.

20）.Thebook___isnotinthelibrary.

a.thatIneeditb.Ineeditc.whatIneedd.Ineed

21）.Idid___tohelpthepoor.

a.allwhatIcouldb.allwhichIcould

c.allIcouldd.allthethingswhatIcould

22）.Isthisbook___youwant?

a.thatb.whichc.theoned.onethat

23）.Thedictionary___isnotinthelibrary

a.whichyoureferred.b.tothatyoureferred.

c.youreferredtod.whichyoureferredit

24）.Itwasintheroom___wehadourlessonslastnight.

a.whenb.thatc.whichd.inwhich

25）.Thatwastheday___Annleftschool.

a.onwhichb.whichc.onthatd.that

5.Joineachpairofthesentencesintoanattributiveclause:

1）.Whereisthebeautifulpicture?

Youboughtitlastweek.

2）.Thenurseisverykind.Shelooksaftermylittles