考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解.docx

考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解.docx

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考研英语真题与答案详细讲解含答案译文词汇讲解

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblankand

markA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）

Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency（crimescommittedby

youngpeople）focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributing

influenee.Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthatthey

havelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers.Theoriesfocusingonthe

roleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,5asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantaged

families,6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,

aretentativeandare8tocriticism.

Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.For

example,changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthand

risingunemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.

Theresultingdiscontentmayin12leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.

Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parent

householdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervision

athome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.Thislackofparental

supervisionisthoughttobeaninflueneeonjuvenilecrimerates.Other__17_causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased__18_ofdrugs

andalcohol,andthegrowing19ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Allthese

conditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20

adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.

1.[A]acting

[B]relying

[C]centering

[D]commenting

2.[A]before

[B]unless

[C]until

[D]because

3.[A]interaction

[B]assimilation

[C]cooperation

[D]consultation

4.[A]return

[B]reply

[C]referenee

[D]response

5.[A]or

[B]butrather

[C]but

[D]orelse

6.[A]considering

[B]ignoring

[C]highlighting

[D]discarding

7.[A]on

[B]in

[C]for

[D]with

8.[A]immune

[B]resistant

[C]sensitive

[D]subject

9.[A]affect

[B]reduce

[C]chock

[D]reflect

10.[A]point

[B]lead

[C]come

[D]amount

11.[A]ingeneral

[B]onaverage

[C]bycontrast

[D]atlength

12.[A]case

[B]short

[C]turn

[D]essenee

13.[A]survived

[B]noticed

[C]undertaken

[D]experieneed

14.[A]contrarily

[B]consequently

[C]similarly

[D]simultaneously

15.[A]than

[B]that

[C]which

[D]as

16.[A]system

[B]structure

[C]concept

[D]heritage

17.[A]assessable

[B]identifiable

[C]negligible

[D]incredible

18.[A]expense

[B]restriction

[C]allocation

[D]availability

19.[A]incidence

[B]awareness

[C]exposure

[D]popularity

20.[A]provided

[B]since

[C]although

[D]supposing

SectionII

ReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweachtextby

choosing[A],[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）

Text1

Huntingforajoblatelastyear,lawyerGantRedmonstumbledacrossCareerBuilder,ajobdatabaseontheInternet.Hesearcheditwithnosuccessbutwasattractedbythesite's“personalsearchagent”.It'saninteracsv®rfeafeyerth®beteria

suchaslocation,title,andsalary,thenE-mailsthemwhenamatchingpositionisposted

inthedatabase.Redmonchosethekeywordslegal,intellectualpropertyand

Washington,D.C.Threeweekslater,hegothisfirstnotificationofanopening."Istruck

gold,”saysRedmon,whoEmailedhisresumetotheemployerandwonapositionas

in-housecounselforacompany.

Withthousandsofcareer-relatedsitesontheInternet,findingpromisingopenings

canhetime-consumingandinefficient.Searchagentsreducetheneedforrepeatedvisitstothedatabases.ButalthoughasearchagentworkedforRedmon,careerexpertsseedrawbacks.Narrowingyourcriteria,forexample,mayworkagainstyou:

youansweraquestionyoueliminateapossibility,”saysoneexpert.

Foranyjobsearch,youshouldstartwithanarrowconcept—whatyouthinkyou

wanttodo—thenbroadenit.“Noneoftheseprogramsdothat,”saysanotherexpert.

“There'snocareercounselingimplicitinallofthis.”Instead,thebeststrategyistheagentasakindoftipservicetokeepabreastofjobsinaparticulardatabase;when

yougetE-mail,consideritaremindertocheckthedatabaseagain.

"Iwouldnotre

agentsforfindingeverythingthatisaddedtoadatabasethatmightinterestme,

says

theauthorofajob-searchingguide.

Somesitesdesigntheiragentstotemptjobhunterstoreturn.WhenCareerSite

agentsendsoutmessagestothosewhohavesignedupforitsservice,forexample,itincludesonlythreepotentialjobs—thoseitconsidersthebestmatches.Theremaybe

morematchesinthedatabase;jobhunterswillhavetovisitthesiteagaintofind

them—andtheydo.“Onthedayafterwesendourmessages,weseeasharpincrease

inourtraffic,

saysSethPeets,vicepresidentofmarketingforCareerSite.

Eventhosewhoaren'thuntingforjobsmayfindsearchagentsworthwhile.Some

usethemtokeepaclosewatchonthedemandfortheirlineofworkorgather

informationoncompensationtoarmthemselveswhennegotiatingforaraise.Although

happilyemployed,RedmonmaintainshisagentatCareerBuilder.“Youalwayskeep

eyesopen,”hesays.Workingwithapersonalsearchagentmeanshavinganothersetof

eyeslookingoutforyou.

21.HowdidRedmonfindhisjob?

[A]Bysearchingopeningsinajobdatabase.

[B]Bypostingamatchingpositioninadatabase.

[C]Byusingaspecialserviceofadatabase.

[D]ByE-mailinghisresumetoadatabase.

22.Whichofthefollowingcanbeadisadvantageofsearchagents?

[A]Lackofcounseling.

[B]Limitednumberofvisits.

[C]Lowerefficiency.

[D]Fewersuccessfulmatches.

23.Theexpression

“tipservice”（Line4,Paragraph3）mostprobably.means

[A]advisory.

[B]compensation.

[C]interaction.

[D]reminder.

24.WhydoesCareerSite

'sagentoffereachjobhunteronlythreejoboptions?

[A]Tofocusonbetterjobmatches.

[B]Toattractmorereturningvisits.

[C]Toreservespaceformoremessages.

[D]Toincreasetherateofsuccess.

25.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

[A]Personalsearchagentsareindispensabletojob-hunters.

[B]SomesiteskeepE-mailingjobseekerstotracetheirdemands.

[C]Personalsearchagentsarealsohelpfultothosealreadyemployed.

[D]Someagentsstopsendinginformationtopeopleoncetheyareemployed.

Text2

Overthepastcentury,allkindsofunfairnessanddiscriminationhavebeen

condemnedormadeillegal.Butoneinsidiousformcontinuestothrive:

alphabetism.

This,forthoseasyetunawareofsuchadisadvantage,referstodiscriminationagainst

thosewhosesurnamesbeginwithaletterinthelowerhalfofthealphabet.

IthaslongbeenknownthatataxifirmcalledAAAAcarshasabigadvantageover

Zodiaccarswhencustomersthumbthroughtheirphonedirectories.Lesswellknownis

theadvantagethatAdamAbbotthasinlifeoverZo?

Zysman.Englishnamesarefairlyevenlyspreadbetweenthehalvesofthealphabet.YetasuspiciouslylargenumberoftoppeoplehavesurnamesbeginningwithlettersbetweenAandK.

ThustheAmericanpresidentandvice-presidenthavesurnamesstartingwithBand

Crespectively;and26ofGeorgeBush'spredegeBs（fEish（eirclbddsurnames

inthefirsthalfofthealphabetagainstjust16inthesecondhalf.Evenmorestriking,six

ofthesevenheadsofgovernmentoftheG7richcountriesarealphabeticallyadvantaged

central

（Berlusconi,Blair,Bush,Chirac,ChretierandKoizumi）.Theworld'thseetopbankers（Greenspan,DuisenbergandHayami）areallclosetothetopofthealphabet,evenifoneofthemreallyusesJapanesecharacters.Asaretheworld'sfiverichestmen（Gates,Buffett,Allen,EllisonandAlbrecht）.

Canthismerelybecoincidenee?

Onetheory,dreamtupinallthesparetimeenjoyedbythealphabeticallydisadvantaged,isthattherotsetsinearly.Atthestartofthefirstyearininfantschool,teachersseatpupilsalphabeticallyfromthefront,tomakeiteasiertoremembertheirnames.Soshort-sightedZysmanjuniorgetsstuckinthebackrow,andisrarelyaskedtheimprovingquestionsposedbythoseinsensitiveteachers.Atthetimethealphabeticallydisadvantagedmaythinktheyhavehadaluckyescape.Yettheresultmaybeworsequalifications,becausetheygetlessindividualattention,aswellaslessconfideneeinspeakingpublicly.

Thehumiliationcontinues.Atuniversitygraduationceremonies,theABCsproudlygettheirawardsfirst;bythetimetheyreachtheZysmansmostpeopleareliterallyhavingaZZZ.Shortlistsforjobinterviews,electionballotpapers,listsofconferencespeakersandattendees:

alltendtobedrawnupalphabetically,andtheirrecipientsloseinterestastheyploughthroughthem.

26.WhatdoestheauthorintendtoillustratewithAAAAcarsandZodiaccars?

[A]Akindofoverlookedinequality.

[B]Atypeofconspicuousbias.

[C]Atypeofpersonalprejudi