职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文.docx

职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文.docx

《职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文.docx（7页珍藏版）》请在冰点文库上搜索。

职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文

2014年职称英语考试理工类a级补全短文

TheFrenchsurprisedeventhemselveswhentheybannedtobaccoadsthreeyearsago,andcreatedsmoke-freezonesinpublicspaces.Eventhen,___

（1）___seemedalittletooAmerican.NowsomeFrenchlawmakersarepreparingtoendtheactasreformthatsimplycan’tworkinacountry__

（2）___.

Lawornolaw,smokersandnonsmokersmingle__（3）__,whoseownersgenerallyignorerequirementstocreateseparateno-smokingsections.Frenchsmokers__（4）___,inhospitalsanddirectlyunderno-smokingsigns.Therearestifffinesforviolatingthesmoke-freeareas,buttheyareneverimposed."Wehavemoreimportantthingstodo",saysaParisofficial.

The1992law’smostcontroversialprovisionisthetobacco-adban.Anexceptionhasbeenmadeformotorsports,whichareunderwrittenbytobaccofirms.AndfansshoutedangrilywhenFrenchTVblackedoutasoccergamefromabroadbecauseof"secondary"tobaccoandliquoradsatthelocalstadium.Still,those__（5）___credittheadbanfora15percentdropinsmokingamongFrenchteensinthelastthreeyears.

EXERCISE:

A）withoutapparentfrictioninPariscaféandrestaurants

B）lightupintrainstations

C）doinggreatharmtothesmoker’shealth

D）theattempttolegislategoodhealth

E）whoareagainstsmoking

F）thathasalwaysaidedlife’spettyvices

KEY:

DFABE

Whenamagazineforhigh-schoolstudentsaskeditsreaderswhatlifewouldbelikeintwentyyears,theysaid:

Machineswouldberunbysolarpower.Buildingswouldrotatesotheycouldfollowthesuntotakemaximumadvantageofitslightandheat.Wallswould"radiatelight"and"changecolorwiththepushofabutton."Foodwouldbereplacedbypills.Schoolwouldbetaught"byelectricalimpulsewhilewesleep.''Carswouldhaveradar.Doesthissoundliketheyear2000?

Actually,________andthequestionwas,"whatwilllifebelikein1978?

"

Thefutureismuchtooimportanttosimplyguessabout,thewaythehighschoolstudentsdid,soexpertsareregularlyaskedtopredictaccurately.Bycarefullystudyingthepresent,skilledbusinessmen,scientists,andpoliticiansaresupposedlyabletofigureoutinadvancewhatwillhappen.Butcanthey?

Oneexpertoncitieswrote:

_______,butwouldhavespaceforfarmsandfields.Peoplewouldtraveltoworkin"airbuses",largeall-weatherhelicopterscarryingupto200passengers.Whenapersonlefttheairbusstationhecoulddriveacoin-operatedcarequippedwithradar.Theradarequipmentofcarswouldmaketrafficaccidents"almostunheardof".Doesthatsoundfamiliar?

Iftheexperthadbeenaccurateitwould,becausehewaswritingin1957.Hissubjectwas"Thecityof1982".

Iftheprofessionalssometimessoundlikehigh-schoolstudents,it'sprobablybecause_________.Buteconomicforecasting,orpredictingwhattheeconomywilldo,hadbeenaroundforalongtime.Itshouldbeaccurate,andgenerallyitis.Buttherehavebeensomebigmistakesinthisfield,too.Inearly1929,mostforecasterssawanexcellentfutureforthestockmarket.InOctoberofthatyear,_______,ruiningthousandsofinvestorswhohadputtheirfaithinfinancialforeseers.

Oneforecasterknewthatpredictionsaboutthefuturewouldalwaysbesubjecttosignificanterrors.In1957,H.J.RandoftheRandCorporationwasaskedabouttheyear2000,"Onlyonethingiscertain,"heanswered."Childrenborntoday_______."

A.thestockmarkethaditsworstlossesever

B.willhavereachedtheageof43

C.thearticlewaswrittenin1958

D.Citiesofthefuturewouldnotbecrowded

E.thepredictionofthefutureisgenerallyaccurate

F.futurestudyisstillanewfield

Key:

CDFAB

Supermarketisatypeofretailinginstitutionthathasamoderatelybroadproductassortmentspanninggroceriesandsomenonfoodlines,thatordinarilyemphasizespriceineitheranoffensiveordefensiveway.Asamethod,supermarketretailingfeaturesseveralrelatedproductlines,ahighdegreeofself-service,largelycentralizedcheckout,andcompetitiveprices.Thesupermarketapproachtoretailingisusedtosellvariouskindsofmerchandise,____

（1）____.

Thetermsupermarketusuallyreferstoaninstitutioninthegroceryretailingfield.Mostsupermarketsemphasizeprice.Someusepriceoffensivelybyfeaturinglowpricesinordertoattractcustomers.Othersupermarketsusepricemoredefensivelybyrelyingonleaderpricingtoavoidapricedisadvantage.Sincesupermarketstypicallyhaveverythingrossmargins,theyneedhighlevelsofinventoryturnovertoachievesatisfactoryreturnsoninvestedcapital.

Supermarketsoriginatesintheearly1930s.Theywereestablishedbyindependents____

（2）____.Supermarketswereanimmediatesuccess,andtheinnovationwassoonadoptedbychainstores.Inrecentdecadessupermarketshaveaddedvariousnonfoodlinestoprovidecustomerswithone-stopshoppingconvenienceandtoimproveoverallgrossmargins.

Todaystoresusingthesupermarketmethodofretailingaredominantingroceryretailing.However,differentnamesareusedtodistinguishtheseinstitutions____（3）____:

Asuperstoreisalargerversionofthesupermarket.Itoffersmoregroceryandnonfooditems____（4）____.Manysupermarketchainsareemphasizingsuperstoresintheirnewconstruction.

Combinationstoresareusuallyevenlargerthansuperstore.They,too,offermoregroceriesandnonfoodsthanasupermarketbutalsomostproductlinesfoundinalargedrugstore.SomecombinationstoresarejointventuresbetweensupermarketsanddrugchainssuchasKrogerandSav-on.

Formanyyearsthesupermarkethasbeenunderattackfromnumerouscompetitors.Forexample,agroceryshoppercanchooseamongnotonlymanybrandsofsupermarketsbutalsovarioustypesofinstitutions（warehousestores,gourmetshops,meatandfishmarkets,andconveniencestores）.Supermarketshavereactedtocompetitivepressures____（5）____:

Somecutcostsandstressedlowpricesbyofferingmoreprivatebrandsandgenericproductsandfewcustomerservices.Othersexpandedtheirstoresizeandassortmentsbyaddingmorenonfoodlines（especiallyproductsfoundindrugstores）,groceriesattunedtoaparticularmarketarea（foodsthatappealtoaspecificethnicgroup,forexample）,andvariousservicedepartments（includingvideorentals,restaurants,delicatessens,financialinstitutions,andpharmacies）.

Abysizeandassortment

Bthanaconventionalsupermarketdoes

Cincludingbuildingmaterials,officeproducts,and,ofcourse,groceries

Dattractingmorecustomerswiththeirlowprices

Eprimarilyineitheroftwoways

Ftocompetewithgrocerychains

KEYS:

CFABE

Publicrelationsisabroadsetofplannedcommunicationsaboutthecompany,includingpublicityreleases,designedtopromotegoodwillandafavorableimage.

Publicitythenispartofpublicrelationswhenitisinitiatedbythefirm,__

（1）__.Sincepublicrelationsinvolvescommunicationswithstockholders,financialanalysts,governmentofficials,andothernoncustomergroups,itisusuallyplacedoutsidethemarketingdepartment,perhapsasastaffdepartmentoroutsideconsultingfirmreportingtotopmanagement.Thisorganizationalplacementcanbealimitationbecausethepublicrelationsdepartmentorconsultantwilllikelynotbeintunewithmarketingefforts.Poorcommunicationandnocoordinationmaybetheconsequences.__

（2）__,thisinfluencegenerallymaybelessthanthatprovidedbytheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemix.

Publicitymaybeintheformofnewsreleases___（3）___.Publicityontheotherhandshouldnotbedivorcedfromthemarketingdepartment,asitcanprovideausefuladjuncttotheregularadvertising.Furthermore,__（4）__;somecanresultfromanunfavorablepressasareactiontocertainactionsorlackofactionsthatarecontroversialorevendownrightill-advised.

Thepointwewishtoemphasizeisthatafirmisdeludingitselfifitthinksitspublicrelationsfunction,whetherwithinthecompanyoranoutsidefirm,cantakecareofpublicimageproblemsandopportunities.Manyfactorsimpactonthepublicimage.Manyofthesehavetodowiththewaythefirmdoesbusiness,__（5）__.Publicrelationsanddirectedpublicitymayhelphighlightfavorablenewsworthyevents,andmayevensucceedintoningdowntheworstofunfavorablepublicity,buttheothercomponentsofthepublicimagemixcreatemorelastingimpressions.

EXERCISE;

A）thathavefavorableovertonesforthecompanyinitiatedbythepublicrelationsdepartment

B）notallpublicityisinitiatedbythefirm

C）usuallyintheformofpressreleasesorpressconferences

D）suchasitsproductquality,theservicingandhandlingofcomplaints,andthetenoroftheadvertising

E）whatitmeanstothecompanyis

F）Althoughthebasicpurposeofpublicrelationsistoprovidepositiveinfluenceonthepublicimage

KEY:

CFABD

AlbertEinstein,whosetheoriesonspacetimeandmatterhelpedunravelthesecretsoftheatomandoftheuniverse,waschosenas"PersonoftheCentury"byTimemagazineonSunday.

Amanwhoseverynameissynonymouswithscientificgenius,Einsteinhascometorepresent_

（1）_thefloweringof20thcenturyscientificthoughtthatsetthestagefortheageoftechnology.

"Theworldhaschangedfarmoreinthepast100yearsthaninanyothercenturyinhistory.Thereasonisnotpoliticaloreconomic,buttechnological-technologies_

（2）_,"wrotetheoreticalphysicistStephenHawkinginaTimeessayexplainingEinstein'ssignificance."Clearly,noscientistbetterrepresentsthoseadvancesthanAlbertEinstein."

Timechoseasrunner-upPresidentFranklinRoosevelttorepresentthetriumphoffreedomanddemocracyoverfascism,andMahatmaGandhiasaniconforacenturywhencivilandhumanrightsbecamecrucialfactorsin