职称英语补全短文.docx

职称英语补全短文.docx

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职称英语补全短文

四、补全短文

（一）Mobilephones（移动电话）

Mobilephonesshouldcarryalabeliftheyproved'tobeadangeroussourceofradiation,accordingtoRobertBell,ascientist.Andnomoremobilephonetransmittertowersshouldbebuiltuntilthelong-termhealtheffectsoftheelectromagneticradiationtheyemitarescientificallyevaluated,hesaid."Nobody'sgoingtodropdeadovernightbutweshouldbeaskingformorescientificinformation,"RobertBellsaidataconferenceonthehealtheffectsoflow-levelradiation

（1）

Areportwidelycirculatedamongthepublicsaysthatuptonowscientistsdonotreallyknowenoughtoguaranteetherearenoill-effectsonhumansfromelectromagneticradiation.AccordingtoRobertBell,thereare3.3millionmobilephonesinAustraliaaloneandtheyareincreasingby2,000aday

（2）

ASwell,thereare2,000transmittertowersaroundAustralia,manyinhighdensityresidentialareas.（3）Theelectromagneticradiationemittedfromthesetowersmayhavealreadyproducedsomeharmfuleffectsonthehealthoftheresidentsnearby.

RobertBellsuggeststhatuntilmoreresearchiscompletedtheGovernmentshouldbanconstructionofphonetowersfromwithina500metreradiusofschoolgrounds,childcarecentres,hospitals,sportsplayingfieldsandresidentialareaswithahighpercentageofchildren（4）Headdsthatthereisalsoevidencethatifcancersufferersaresubjectedtoelectromagneticwavesthegrowthrateofthediseaseaccelerates.

（5）AccordingtoRobertBell,itisreasonableforthemajortelephonecompaniestofundit.Besides,healsourgestheGovernmenttosetupawide-ranginginquiryintopossiblehealtheffects.

AHesaysthereisemergingevidencethatchildrenabsorblow-levelradiationataratemorethanthreetimesthatofadults.

BBytheyear20004itisestimatedthatAustraliawillhave8millionmobilephones:

nearlyoneforeverytwopeople:

C"Ifmobilephones'arefoundtobedangerous,theyshouldcarryawarninglabel'untilpropershieldscanbedevised,"hesaid.

DThenwhofinancestheresearch?

EForexample,Telstra,OptusandVodaphonebuildtheirtowerswhereitisgeographicallysuit-abletothemanddisregardtheneedofthecommunity.

FTheconclusionisthatmobilephonesbringsmoreharmthanbenefit

（C、B、E、A、D）

（二）Theworld’slongestbridge（世界上最长的桥）

Rumorhasitthat'alegendarysix-headedmonsterlurksinthedeepwatersoftheTyrrhenianSeabetweenItalyandtheislandofSicily.

（1）Whencompletedin2010,theworld'slongestbridgewillweighnearly300,000tons-equivalenttotheicebergthatsanktheTitanic–andstretch5kilometerslong."That'snearly50percentlongerthananyotherbridgeeverbuilt,''saysstructuralengineerShaneRixon.

（2）They'resuspensionbridges,massivestructuresbuilttospanvastwaterchannelsor.Asuspensionbridgeneedsjusttwotowerstoshoulderthestructure'smammothweight,thankstoheftysupportingcablesslungbetweenthetowersandanchoredfirmlyindeeppoolsofcementateachendofthebridge.TheMessinaStraitBridgewillhavetwo54,100-tontowers,whichwillsupportmostofthebridge'sload.Thebeefycablesofthebridge,each1.2meterindiameter,willholdupthelongestandwidestbridgedeckeverbuilt.

WhenconstructionbeginsontheMessinaStraitBridgein2005,thefirstjobwillbetoerect370meter-tallsteeltowers（3）Gettingthesecablesupwillbesomething'.It'snotjusttheir,length-totally5.3kilometersbuttheirweight（4）

Afterloweringvertical"suspender"cablesfromthemaincables,builderswillerecta60-me-wide54,630-tonsteelroadway,ordeck-wideenoughtoaccommodate12lanesoftraffic.deck'sweightwillpulldownonthecableswithaforceof70,500tons.Inreturn,thecablesyankupagainsttheirfirmlyrootedanchorswithaforceof139,000tons-equivalenttotheweightofabout100,000cars.Thoseanchorsareessential（5）

ASomeenvironmentalistsareagainsttheprojectonbiologicalgrounds.

BWhatdotheworld'slongestbridgeshaveincommon?

CIftrue,onedayyoumightspythebeastwhilezippingacrosstheMessinaStraitBridge.

DThey'rewhatwillkeepthebridgefromgoinganywhere.

EThesecondjobwillbetopulltwosetsofsteelcablesacrossthestrait,eachsetbeingabundleof44,352individualsteelwires.

FTheywilltipupthescalesat166,500tons-morethanhalfthebridge'stotalmass.

（C、B、E、F、D）

（三）Reinventingthetable（重新发明元素周期表）

Anearthscientisthasrejiggedtheperiodictable'tomakechemistrysimplertoteachtostudents.

（1）ButBruceRailsbackfromtheUniversityofGeorgiasaysheisthefirsttocreateatablethatbreakswithtraditionandshowstheionsofeachelementratherthanjusttheelementsthemselves.

"Igottiredofbreakingmyarmstryingtoexplaintheperiodictabletoearthstudents,"hesays,criss-crossinghishandsintheairandpointingtodifferentbitsofatraditionaltable.

（2）Buthehasadded'contourlinestochargedensity,helpingtoexplainwhichionsreactwithwhich.

"Geochemistsjustwantanintuitivesenseofwhat'sgoingonwiththeelements,"saysAlbertfromtheUniversityofCambridge.（3）

（4）Heexplainsthatsulphur,forexample,showsupinthreedifferentspots-oneforsulphide,whichisfoundinminerals,oneforsulphite,andoneforsulphate,whichisfoundinseasalt,forinstance.

Hehasalsoincludedsymbolstoshowwhichionsarenutrients,andwhicharecommoninsoilorwater.（5）

ATherehavebeenmanyattemptstoredesigntheperiodictablesinceDmitriMendeleevdrewitupin1871.

BRailsbackhasstillorderedtheelementsaccordingtothenumberofprotonstheyhave.

C"Iimaginethiswouldbegoodforundergraduates.

D"Railsbackhaslistedsomeelementsmorethanonce.

EAndthesizeofelement'ssymbolreflectshowmuchofitisfoundintheEarth'scrust.

FThetraditionalperiodictablewaswelldrawn.

（A、B、C、D、E）

（四）Don’trelyonplanktontosavetheplanet（不要靠浮游生物拯救这个地球）

Encouragingplanktongrowthintheoceanhasbeentoutedbysomeasapromisingwaytoremovecarbondioxidefromtheatmosphere

（1）

Addingirontopatchesofoceancanmakeplanktonbloomtemporarily.Themicroscopicorganismssuckupdissolvedcarbondioxidefromthewater,whichinturnisreplacedbycarbondioxidefromtheair.

（2）

JorgeSarmientofromPrincetonandhiscolleaguesdevelopedacomplexcomputermodeltoanalysehowfactorssuchasoceanchemistryandwatercirculationwouldaffecttheprocessif160,000squarekilometresofoceanwereseededwithironforamonth.（3）

Intheirscenario,whichcoversanarea10timesasbigasthelargestexperimentofthiskindeverproposed,fertilisingtheoceanremoves1milliontonnesofcarbonfromtheatmosphere—just0.2percentofthecarbondioxidehumankindspewsouteachmonth.

Roughestimatesinthepasthavepredictedsimilarlydisappointingresults.（4）saysSallieChisholm,anenvironmentalengineerfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology."Butthetake-homemessageisthesame（5）

AItsopponentsargue,however,thatitwillstopglobalwarming.

BItsopponentsfearthatitwilldamagethemarineecosystem,andnowacomputermodelshowsthatthetrickwouldalsoberemarkablyinefficient.

CAsplanktondieandsettleontheoceanfloor,theircarbonissupposedlylockedupinthesea

bed.

DTheyfoundthat100yearslateronlybetween2and-11percent,oftheextracarbonthatwasoriginallytakenupbyplanktonhadactuallybeenremovedfromtheatmosphere.

E"Thesearenewerandbettermodels

FOceanfertilisationisnottheanswertoglobalwarming.

（B、C、D、E、F）

（五）Themagicofsound（奇妙的声音）

Musicisoneofthemostbeautifulformsofartisticexpressionseverinvented.Inmoviesandplays,musichasanaddedfunction:

itnotonlymovespeoplebutalsocanshockpeople.Isittruethatanordinarymusicalinstrumentcanbesopowerful?

Oureardrumscanwithstandsoundwithin20to80decibels.Oncesoundexceedsthislimit,evenbeautifulmusicwillbecomeear-splittingnoise3andharmhealth.Astrongblastofhighsoundcantwistandbreakasolidironsheet.

（1）

Thenoisefromaplane'sengineisover140decibels.However,thesoundofafluteisatmostafewdecibels.

（2）Ithasbeenproventhatpeoplewhohaveworkedinanenvironmentwithahighsoundintensityforalongtimesuffervaryingdegreesofheartdiseaseoralteredbrainwaves.

Inmovies,sometimestheherocanproduceasoundthatordinarypeoplecan'thearandonlythosewhohavethesameabilitycanfeel.Innature,thereisactuallysoundthatisbeyondourhearing.Inphysics,thesoundthatexceeds20,000Hziscalledultrasonic.（3）Itdoesnoharmtohealth.

Soundlessthan20Hziscalledinfrasonicwaves.Whenwemove,theairwillvibrate.（4）Asthefrequencyofinfrasonicwavesisclosetothatofpeople'sinternalorgans,infrasonicwavemaycauseresonanceinhumanbodies.Asaresult,people'svisionmayweakenandinternalorgansmayrupture.However,whetheraninfrasonicwavecanbeusedasaweapondependsonitsintensity.Ifitsintensityisverylow,itwon'tdamageinternalorgansoraperson'shealth.（5）Whenwindblowsataforceof3or4overthesea,itwillproduceinfrasonicwavesdecibels.Onlytyphoonscanproduceinfrasonicwavesofover100decibels.Atpresent,scientistscanonlyproduceinfrasonicweaponsinthelabwiththehelpofadvancedscientifictoolsandpowerfulelectricpower

AHighsoundof150decibelscankillahealthyrat.

BThevibrationofaircanproduceinfrasonicwaves.

CWecannotplayhigh-pitchedmusicwithordinarymusicalinstruments.

DIftheintensityofinfrasonicwaveexceeds160decibels,itisextremelyharmful.

EDolphins,whalesandbatscanmakesuch