学年湖北省十堰市高二下学期第一次月考英语试题Word版.docx
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学年湖北省十堰市高二下学期第一次月考英语试题Word版
英语
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第Ⅰ卷
第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)(略)
第二部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)
第一节(共15小题:
每小题2分,满分30分)
阅读下列短文,从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Peoplehavebeenactinglikepeople—inotherwords,they’vebeenmakingtools,creatingceremonies,andsharingfood—foralongtime.That’stheconclusionofarecentstudyfromSouthAfrica’ssoutherncoast.
There,inacavelyingabovethesea,researchersfromArizonaStateUniversityhavefoundevidencethathumanswerebehavinginsurprisinglycomplexwaysasearlyas164,000yearsago.Ourspecies,Homosapiens,appearedanestimated200,000yearsago.
ThecaveheldthreeimportantcluesaboutthebehavioroftheseStoneAgepeople.
First,theresearchersfoundtheremainsofallkindsofshellfish.Thepeoplewholivedinthecaveprobablycollectedthesecreaturesfromrockyshoresandtidepoolsandbroughtthemtothecavetoeat.
TheresearchersproposetheearlyAfricansmovedtotheSouthAfricancoastbetween195,000and130,000yearsago.Aroundthattime,theclimateinlandturnedrelativelycoldanddry.Therefore,therewerefewerplantsandanimalstoeatawayfromthecoast.
Whentheseancientpeoplemovedtothecoast,theyprobablyexperiencedamajorculturalshift,theresearcherssuspect.That’sbecauseobservationsofmodernhuntergatherersocietiessuggestthatmenaremorelikelytohuntforbiganimalswhenpeopleliveinland.Onthecoast,womenplayamoreimportantroleinprovidingfoodbygatheringplantsandshellfish.
Asforthesecondclue,theresearchersunearthed57piecesofreddishpigment(颜料).Theresearchersthinkthatthecavehabitantsusedthepaintforcoloringtheirbodiesorforotherceremonies.Symbolicbehaviorisaclearlyhumanfeature.
Finally,thesearchdiscoveredover1,800stonetools,includingwellcraftedblades(刀片).Thesebladescameinvarioussizes.Thesmallestwerejustlessthanahalfinchwide.Ancientpeoplemayhaveattachedthesebladestotheendofasticktomakespearsorothertools.
21.WhydidtheearlyAfricansmovetotheSouthAfricancoastaccordingtothetext?
A.Toavoidcoldanddryweather.
B.Tolookforenoughfoodtoeat.
C.Toseektheculturaldevelopment.
D.Tocollectmoreshellfishtomaketools.
22.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unearthed”inParagraph7mean?
A.Introduced.B.ProducedC.Used.D.Found.
23.Accordingtothetext,wecanlearnthatthecavehabitants.
A.mightmaketoolswithkindsofblades
B.couldhuntforfishintheseabyship
C.madealivingmainlybyeatingshellfish
D.knewhowtousecolorsforpaintinghouses
B
TheInternationalDayofDisabledPersons,aninternationalobservancedeclaredbytheUnitedNationssince1992,isobservedonDecember3,aimingtopromoteanunderstandingofdisabilityissuesandgetsupportfortherightsofpeoplewithdisabilities.Thedaytakesplaceannuallyandfocusesonadifferentissueeachyear.InSouthAfrica,December3alsomarksthebeginningoftheDisabilityAwarenessMonth.
Sincethefirstcelebration,peoplewithdisabilitieshavegainedrecognitionoftheirrightsbystatesacrosstheglobeandoftheirrightfulplaceinsociety.Butthereisstillmuchworkaheadofustoturnthoselegalrightsintoatruerevolution,inwhichdiversityisfullyacceptedandlived.
Theestimatedonebillionpeoplelivingwithdisabilitiesworldwidefacemanyobstructionsofinclusioninmanykeyaspectsofsociety.Asaresult,peoplewithdisabilitiescan'tenjoytheequalrightsasnormalpeople,whichincludeemployment,educationaswellassocialandpoliticalparticipation.Therighttoparticipateinpubliclifeisessentialtocreatestabledemocracies(民主国家),activecitizenshipandreduceinequalitiesinsociety.
Inmanycases,peoplewithdisabilitiesmustbeabletofulfilltheirroleinsociety.Itisimportanttofocusontheabilityandnotonthedisabilityofanindividual.Itisimportanttonotethatdisabilityispartofthehumancondition,andthatallofuseitherareorwillbecomedisabledtoonedegreeoranotherduringthecourseofourlives.
Bypromotingempowerment(授权),realopportunitiesfordisabledpeoplearecreated.Thissupportstheminsettingtheirownpriorities.Empowermentinvolvesinvestinginthem—injobs,health,nutrition,education,andsocialprotection.Whendisabledpeopleareempowered,theyarebetterpreparedtotakeadvantageofopportunities,andtheycanmorereadilyaccepttheircivicresponsibilities.
24.WhatistheInternationalDayofDisabledPersonsmeantfor?
A.Toraisemoneyforthedisabled.
B.Tostressthevalueofthedisabled.
C.Tomakeaninternationalcelebration.
D.Tomakeable-bodiedpeoplecareaboutthedisabled.
25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“obstructions”inParagraph3mean?
A.Chances.B.Barriers.C.Types.D.Regrets.
26.Whatisthemainproblemfordisabledpeople?
A.Thenumberofthemistoolarge.
B.Fewofthemseeklegalrights.
C.Theycan'tbefullyacceptedbysociety.
D.Theythinkpoorlyoftheirroleinsociety.
27.Whatisindicatedinthelastparagraph?
A.Theauthorisworriedaboutthedisabled.
B.Thedisabledwillhaveabrighterfuture.
C.Whatsocietyhasdoneisfarfromenough.
D.Thedisabledmustfighthardfortheirrights.
C
WhenIfirststartedtakingphotographsofthenightsky,IneverthoughtI’dendupdoingitforaliving.I’dalwaysbeeninterestedinphotography.IusedtodrivemyfamilyandfriendscrazybecauseIwasalwaystakingphotographsofthem.ThenonedayIsawaposteroftheEarthtakenfromouterspace.Posterslikethatwerereallypopularinthe1970s.Ihadseenlotsofthem,buttherewassomethingdifferentaboutthisone.Itattractedmeanditendedupchangingmylife!
Ithasn’talwaysbeeneasythough.IremembertryingtotakeapictureoftheHaleBoppCometforaphotographycompetitionin1997.Icheckedwiththeexpertsatthelocalweatherstationtomakesuretheyweren’texpectingcloudsorstrongwinds.At3:
30amIsetthecameraonatripod(三脚架)inmygarden,andthenIbeganthecountdownto4:
00am,whenthecometwasscheduledtoappear.Irecallthinking,“Ifeverythinggoesasplanned,thephotowillshowthecometasalineoflightmovingacrossabackgroundofstars.”Butsuddenlyeverythingwasterriblywrong!
At3:
59a.m.,justasIwasmakingthefinaladjustments,outthebushescameastreak(条纹)ofblackheadingstraightformyfeet,andbeforeIknewit,thecamera,thetripodandIwereontheground!
Thestreakofblackwasmyneighbour’scatTiddlesoutforhislate-nightexercise,andhehadruinedtheonlychanceIhadforthenext2,000yearsoftakingphotographsofthespectacular(壮观的)comet!
Butmissedphotoopportunitiesaside,astrophotographyisagreatjob,anditcanalsobeanenjoyablehobby.Surprisingenough,youdon’tneedanyspecialequipment:
justa35mmcamera,atripodandsomeslow-speedfilm.Butyoumustremembertotakecareofyourequipment.
28.Inthetexttheauthormainlydescribes .
A.howhewastrainedtobeaweatherexpert
B.howhetookphotographsforposters
C.howhetookphotographsofpeople
D.howhebecameanastrophotographer
29.Whatchangedtheauthorcompletely?
A.Takingfamilyphotographsforaliving.
B.Takingupastrophotographyasahobby.
C.AnattractiveposteroftheEarthtakenfromouterspace.
D.Apopularphotographofthecomet.
30.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?
A.Theauthorwantedtotakeapictureofthecometforacompetition.
B.Theauthorshowedpeoplehowthecometmovedacrossthesky.
C.Thecometwasexpectedtoappearat3:
30am.
D.Thecometonceappearedintheyearof2000.
31.Whatdestroyedtheauthor’slastopportunitytotakethepictureofthecomet?
A.Unexpectedclouds.B.Alineoflight.
C.Aneighbour’scat.D.Strongwinds.
D
LargecloudsofdustblowingofftheSaharadesertcaneasilybeseenfromspace.
JosephProsperoiswiththeUniversityofMiamiintheUnitedStates.HehasstudiedAfricandustformanyyears.“AtmosphericdustAfricandustisoneofthemostprominent(显著的)atmosphericfeatures,secondonlytoclouds,”hesaid.
Inthe1970s,JosephProsperofoundthatalargeamountofdustcanblowallthewayacrosstheAtlanticOcean.“Itisobviousthatthereisalotofdust.WhenitrainsinBarbadosorevenhereinMiamiduringthesummermonths,youactuallygetalayerofmudinthebottomofabucket(桶).”
Africanduststormscanharmairqualityacrosstheocean.Butnewresearchshowsthatthestormsalsocandosomegood.ScientistsobservedSaharandustbysatelliteasitblewacrosstheAtlantic.
HongbinYuisanatmosphericscientistattheUniversityofMaryland.Hefoundthatanaverageof28millionmetrictonsofdustfallinSouthAmerica’sAmazonRiverbasineachyear.“Yes,itissurprisingbecauseofthehugeamountofdustandphosphorus(磷).”Phosphorusisafertilizerthatplantsneedtogrow.HongbinYufoundthattheAmazonreceivesabout22thousandmetrictonsofSaharandusteachyear.Hesaysthedustisanimportantprovideroffertilizer.“Thesoilhaslimitedphosphorusanditalsocanbewashedoutbyrainandflooding.”
Infact,thephosphorusfallingfromtheskyisaboutthesameastheamountthatriverscarryawayeachyear.Thethickrainforestandthedesertdustarejoinedtogetherononesmallplanet.
32.AccordingtoJosephProspero,atmosphericdust .
A.issimilartoclouds
B.canbeeasilynoticed
C.iscarriedbyrainwater
D.isactuallycalledAfricandust
33.WhatcanwelearnaboutSaharandust?
A.Itpollutestheair