英语高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题含答案.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题含答案

（英语）高考英语阅读理解解题技巧及练习题（含答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Notre-Dame,thecathedral（大教堂）thatservesasoneofParis'smostbelovedmonuments,isonfire.AccordingtoTheNewYorkTimes,thefirebeganaround6:

30p.m.localtime,whentouristsurgentlyrushedoutofthebuilding.WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic（灾难性的）.

   CNNreportsthatover400firefightershavebeensenttofightthefire,butthattheymaybeunabletosavethecathedral.Builtinthe12thcentury,Notre-DamehousesseveralrelicsimportanttoCatholics（天主教徒）.NBCNewsreportsthatrelicsfromSaintGenevieveandSaintDenismaybeenlost,togetherwitharelicbelievedtobefromJesusChrist'scrownofthorns,butitstatesthatauthoritiesnowbelievethatthecathedralhasbeensavedfrom“totaldestruction”.

   Notre-Dameisvisitedbyareported30,000peopleadayand13millionpeopleperyear.Itsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss."Thisisjusthorrible",MohamedMegdoul,33,afilmproducerandwitnesstothefiretoldTheTimes,speakingthroughtears."Athousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.Thisbelongedtothewholeworld,andnowit'sdisappearing."

   FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacronexpressedhissadnessonTwitter."Notre-DameofParisinflames,"readsanEnglishtranslationofhisstatement."Emotionforawholenation.ThoughtsforallCatholicsandforalltheFrench.Likeallourcountrymen,I'msadtogethertoseethispartofusburn."Otherpoliticians,includingMelanisTrump,LondonMayorSadiqKhan,U.K.PrimeMinisterTheresaMayalsosharedtheirsadnessonTwitter.

（1）WhatdoweknowaboutNotre-Dameaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ithasbeencompletelydestroyedbythefire.

B.It'sahugepoliticallosstotheworld.

C.It'sonlymeaningfultoCatholics.

D.Thereasonofthefireremainedtobefoundout.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinthethirdparagraphimply?

A.ThehistoryofFranceisdestroyedbecauseofthefire.

B.Thelossthefirecausedishuge.

C.ThedamageofNotre-Dameisbeingwipedoff.

D.Thecathedralhasbeensavedfrom"totaldestruction".

（3）What'sthepurposeofwritingthepassage?

A.ToreportadisasterofNotre-Dame.

B.Toexpresspeople'ssadnessofthedestruction.

C.ToemphasizethevalueofNotre-Dame.

D.Toshowtheconcernsfromtheworldwide.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“WhileAndreFinot,aspokesmanforthecathedral,toldTheTimes,thatthecauseofthefireisstillunknownandthatnoonehasbeenhurtwhiledamagetothebuildingappearscatastrophic（灾难性的）”这起火灾的原因还不得而知,对建筑的破坏是灾难性的，并没有说建筑被完全破坏了。

故选D。

（2）考查句义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Itsdestructionrepresentsaglobalculturalloss‘Athousandyearsofhistoryisbeingwipedaway.’”可知,它的毁灭代表了全球文化的损失。

MohamedMegdoul说道：

这很糟糕，一千年的历史就这样被破坏殆尽。

wipeaway“擦掉，破坏殆尽”。

由此判断出这就话显示了火灾造成的损失是巨大的。

故选B。

（3）考查写作意图。

纵观全文可知，本文是一篇新闻报道，文章报道了举世闻名的法国巴黎圣母院发生火灾的相关信息。

因此本文的目的在于报导巴黎圣母院遭遇的巨大灾难。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和写作意图三个题型的考查，是一篇新闻报道，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．Directions:

Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.

   AtinycluefoundinancientdepositshasunlockedbigsecretsaboutGreenland'spastandfutureclimate.JustbeyondthenorthwestedgeofthevastGreenlandIceSheet,researchershavediscoveredlakemudthathavesurvivedthelasticeage.Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（间冰期）innorthwestGreenland.

   Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought."Asfarasweknow,ithasneverbeenfoundinGreenland.Wethinkthisisthefirsttimeanyonehasreporteditinancientdepositsormodernlakesthere,"Axfordsaid."Wewerereallysurprisedtoseehowfarnorthitmigrated（迁徙）."

   ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.ThosemodelscouldthenimprovepredictionsofhowGreenland'sicesheetmightrespondtoman-madeglobalwarming.Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel."NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,"saidYarrowAxford,anassociateprofessorintheteam."OneofthebiguncertaintiesinclimatescienceishowfasttheEarthchangeswhenitgetswarmer.GeologygivesusanopportunitytoseewhathappenedwhentheEarthwaswarmerthantoday,"saidAxford.

   Peoplemightbesurprisedtoseehowtoday'sGreenlandlookedduringthelasttwointerglacialperiods.DuringtheLastInterglacial,globalsealevelsincreasedby15to30feet,largelyduetothinningofGreenlandandAntarctica'sicesheets.However,nowresearchersbelievenorthernGreenland'sicesheetexperiencedstrongerwarmingthanpreviouslythought,whichcouldmeanthatGreenlandismoreresponsibleforthatsea-levelrise.

   Findinglakedepositsolderthanabout10,000years,however,hasbeenhistoricallyverydifficultinGreenland.Tomeasuretheseancienttemperatures,researcherslooktoicecores（冰核）andlakedeposits.Sinceiceandlakedepositsformbyagradualbuilduponannuallayersofsnowormud,thesecorescontainhistoryofthepast.Bylookingthroughthelayers,researcherscanobtainclimatecluesfromcenturiesago.

（1）Whyaretheremainsoffliesmentionedinthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.TheyserveasevidencethatthereisstilllifeintheNorthwestGreenland.

B.TheywereoneofthemanyancientlivesthatwereleftintheGreenlandmud.

C.TheyareindicatorsthatGreenlandwasmuchwarmerthanpreviouslythought.

D.TheyhelptheresearchersrealizethattherewasonceawarmperiodintheArctic.

（2）ThenewinformationaboutGreenlandisimportantbecause______________.

A.researchershavenoideahowtomeasureGreenland'swarmingspeed

B.itcanhelpresearchersbetterpredictGreenland'sresponsetowarming

C.peopleshouldbemoresensitivetothechangesintheiceinGreenland

D.itisuncertainhowfasttheEarthchangeswithman-madeglobalwarming

（3）Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

A.Itiseasierfortoday'sscientiststofindancientlakedeposits.

B.PeoplearesurprisedatthelandscapefeatureofGreenlandtoday.

C.Researchersmeasurethechangingtemperaturesbydirectlyexaminingmud.

D.Greenlandholdsenoughicethatmightonedaythreatenlifeincoastalcities.

（4）Whichdoyouthinkisthebesttitleofthepassage?

A.GreenlandUsedtoBeMuchGreener

B.EarthOnceExperiencedWarmPeriods

C.CoastalCitiesWarnedofComingDisasters

D.NorthwestGreenland,APerfectDestination

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）D

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了在古代沉积物中发现的一条微小线索揭开了格陵兰岛过去和未来气候的大秘密。

就在广阔的格陵兰冰原的西北边缘，研究人员发现了在最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥。

现在研究人员认为，格陵兰北部的冰盖经历了比之前认为的更强烈的变暖。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Themud,andremainsofcommonfliesinit,recordtwointerglacialperiods（间冰期）innorthwestGreenland.”在格陵兰岛西北部，泥浆和常见苍蝇的残骸记录了两次间冰期；以及第二段中的“Althoughresearchershavelongknownthesetwoperiods—theearlyHoloceneandLastInterglacial—experiencedwarmingintheArctic,themixofflyspeciesshowsthatGreenlandwasevenwarmerthanpreviouslythought.”尽管研究人员很早就知道这两个时期——全新世早期和最后一次间冰期——在北极经历了变暖，但混合的蝇类表明格陵兰岛甚至比之前认为的还要热。

可知，在前两段中提到苍蝇的残骸是为了证明格陵兰岛的温度比之前认为的要高得多。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“ThisnewinformationcouldhelpresearchersbettermeasureGreenland'ssensitivitytowarming,bytestingandimprovingmodelsofclimateandicesheetbehaviour.”可知，这些新信息可以帮助研究人员更好地测量格陵兰岛对气候变暖的敏感性。

故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Afterall,Greenlandcovers80percentoftheArcticcountryandholdsenoughicetoequal20feetofglobalsealevel.‘NorthwestGreenlandmightfeelreallyremote,butwhathappenstothaticesheetisgoingtomattertoeveryoneineverycoastalcityaroundtheworld,’” 可知，格陵兰岛覆盖了这个北极国家的80%，拥有相当于全球海平面20英尺的冰。

“格陵兰西北部可能真的感觉很遥远，但冰盖的变化将关系到世界上每个沿海城市的每个人。

”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

本文通过最新的发现——最后一个冰河时代幸存下来的湖泥及湖泥中的苍蝇残骸及其相关研究说明格陵兰岛之前可能更暖和。

因此，本文的最佳标题应为“格陵兰岛曾经更加绿色”。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Itisbadtohavefoodstuckbetweenyourteethforlongperiodsoftime.Thisisbecausefoodattractsgerms;germsproduceacid,andacidhurtsyourteethandgums.Flossing（使用牙线）helpstoremovethefoodthatgetsstuckbetweenyourteeth.Thisexplainswhyflossinghelpstokeepyourmouthhealthy,butsomedoctorssaythatflossingcanalsobegoodforyourheart.

   Itmayseemstrangethatsomethingyoudoforyourteethcanhaveanyeffectonyourheart.Doctorshavecomeupwithafewideasabouthowflossingworkstokeepyourhearthealthy.Oneideaisthatthegermsthathurtyourteethcanleavethemouthandtravelintoyourblood.Germsthatgetintothebloodcanthenattackyourheart.Anotherideaisbasedonthefactthatwhentherearetoomanygermsinyourmouth,thebodytriestofightagainsttheregerms.Forsomereason,thewaythebodyfightsthesemouthgermsmayendupweakeningtheheartovertime.

   Noteverydoctoragreesabouttheseideas.Somedoctorsthinkthatthelinkbetweengoodflossinghabitsandgoodhearthealthisonlyacoincidence.Theincidence（发生率）oftwoormoreeventsiscompletelyrandom,astheydonotadmitofanyreliablecauseandeffectrelationshipbetweenthem.Forexample,everytimeIwashmycar,itrains.Thisdoesnotmeanthat