英文交通词汇与术语释义.docx

英文交通词汇与术语释义.docx

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英文交通词汇与术语释义

英文交通词汇与术语释义目录

A1

Arterial1

AutomatedVehicleIdentification（AVI）1

AverageAnnualDailyTraffic（AADT）1

AverageDailyTraffic1

AverageWeekdayDailyTraffic（AWDT）1

B2

Benefit/Cost（B/C）ratio2

Bottleneck2

C2

Capacity2

CategoricalExclusion2

CentralBusinessDistrict（CBD）3

ChangeableMessageSign（CMS）3

CollectorDistributor（CD）3

CommuterRail（CR）4

Congestion/DemandManagement（CDM）4

CongestionManagementSystem（CMS）4

CongestionMitigationandAirQuality（CMAQ）improvementprogram4

CongestionPricing4

ControlofAccess（COA）5

CriticalMovementAnalysis（CMA）5

D5

DesignHourVolume（DHV）5

DirectionalDesignHourVolume（DDHV）5

DraftEnvironmentalImpactStatement（DEIS）5

E6

EnvironmentalAssessment（EA）6

EnvironmentalImpactStatement（EIS）6

EnvironmentalProtectionAgency（EPA）6

Expressway6

F6

FeasibilityStudy6

FederalHighwayAdministration（FHWA）7

FederalTransitAdministration（FTA）7

FinalEnvironmentalImpactStatement（FEIS）7

FlexibleOperationalCapability7

Freeway7

Frontageroad7

G8

Grade8

GradeSeparation8

H8

HighOccupancyVehicle（HOV）8

HighOccupancyVehicle（HOV）Lane8

HighSpeedRail8

HighwayAdvisoryRadio（HAR）9

HourlyVolume（HV）9

I9

Incident9

IntelligentTransportationSystem（ITS）9

IntelligentVehicleHighwaySystems（IVHS）9

IntermodalSurfaceTransportationEfficiencyAct（ISTEA）9

IntermodalTransportation10

Intermodalism10

K10

K-Factor10

L11

LevelOfService（LOS）11

LightRailTransit（LRT）orLightRail11

M11

MajorInvestmentStudy（MIS）11

MeasuresOfEffectiveness（MOE）11

MetropolitanPlanningOrganization（MPO）12

N12

NationalHighwaySystem（NHS）12

NationalTransportationSystem（NTS）12

Non-attainmentareas12

NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement（NAFTA）13

NoticeOfIntent（NOI）13

P13

ParkandPool（P&P）13

ParkandRide（P&R）13

PeakHourFactor（PHF）13

PeakHourTraffic（PHT）13

PersonTrip13

Program14

R14

RecordOfDecision（ROD）14

RightOfWay（ROW）14

S14

Single-OccupantVehicle（SOV）14

Social,EconomicandEnvironmental（SEE）14

StatewideTransportationImprovementProgram（STIP）15

StatewideTransportationPlan（STP）15

SurfaceTransportationProgram（STP）15

SurfaceTransportationProgramCategory4Cfor"UrbanMobility/Rehabilitation"（STP4C）15

T15

TexasDepartmentofTransportation（TxDOT）15

TexasNaturalResourcesConservationCommission（TNRCC）16

TransportationDemandManagement（TDM）16

TransportationImprovementProgram（TIP）16

TransportationManagementArea（TMA）16

TransportationStrategy17

TransportationSystemManagement（TSM）17

TransportationSystemsManagement（TSM）17

U17

UnifiedTransportationProgram（UTP）17

V18

VehicleMileofTravel（VMT）18

VehiclesPerDay（VPD）18

VehiclesPerHour（VPH）18

Volume-to-Capacityratio（V/C）18

W18

WeavingArea18

TRANSPORTATIONANALYSIS18

SoftwareforTrafficSimulationandAnalysis19

英文交通词汇与术语释义

A

Arterial

Amajorthoroughfare.

AutomatedVehicleIdentification（AVI）

systemorAutomaticVehicleMonitoringSystemorAutomaticVehicleLocationSystem.Asysteminwhichelectronicequipmentonavehiclesendssignalsbacktoacentralcontrolfacility,locatingthevehicleandprovidingotherinformationaboutitsoperationsoraboutitsmechanicalcondition.AVIisalsoreferredtoasAutomaticVehicleMonitoringSystemandAutomaticVehicleLocationSystem.

AverageAnnualDailyTraffic（AADT）

Thetotaltrafficforayeardividedby365.

AverageDailyTraffic

isdefinedasthetotaltrafficvolumeduringagivenperiod（from1to364days）dividedbythenumberofdaysinthatperiod.CurrentADTvolumescanbedeterminedbycontinuoustrafficcountsorperiodiccounts.Whereonlyperiodictrafficcountsaretaken,ADTvolumecanbeestablishedbyapplyingcorrectionfactorssuchasforseasonordayofweek.Forroadwayshavingtrafficintwodirections,theADTincludestrafficinbothdirectionsunlessspecifiedotherwise.

AverageWeekdayDailyTraffic（AWDT）

Thetotaltrafficforanaverageweekday.Anaverageweekdayisarepresentativeweekdaycomputedasthemathematicalaverageofseveraltypicalweekdaysselectedatrandomthroughouttheyear.Atypicalweekdayhasnoanomalysuchasheavytrafficduetoaspecialpubliceventorlighttrafficduetoinclementweather.AverageSaturdayandSundaydata,includingholidayservice,aredeterminedthesameway.

B

Benefit/Cost（B/C）ratio

B/Cisusedtocomparethebenefitversusthecostofproposedalternatives.Forhighwayprojects,benefitsmayincludereducedfuelconsumption,traveltime,andairpollution;costsmayincludeconstruction,rightofway,andmaintenance.

Bottleneck

Highwaysectionsthatexperienceoperationalproblemssuchascongestion.Bottlenecksmayresultfromfactorsotherthanreducedroadwaywidth.Forexample,theclosespacingofexitandentrancerampscancauseweavingpatternsthatresultincongestion.Alessobviousexampleisasteepfreewaygradethatcanslowtrucksandcausealocalized"bottleneck."

C

CapitalAreaMetropolitanPlanningOrganization（CAMPO）（formerlyATS）

CAMPOistheMetropolitanPlanningOrganization（MPO）fortheAustinarea.

Capacity

Capacityreferstoarateofvehicularorpersonflowthatcanbeexpectedtotraverseapointoruniformsectionofalaneorroadwayduringaspecificperiod,whichismostoftenapeak15-minuteperiod,andwhichisnotthemaximumvolumethatcanbeaccommodatedduringanhour,underprevailingroadway,traffic,andcontrolconditions.CapacityandLevelofService（LOS）areanalyzedseparatelyandarenotsimplyrelatedtoeachother;bothmustbefullyconsideredtoevaluatetheoveralloperationofafacility.CapacityanalysismaybeusedinthecomputationofVolume-to-Capacity（V/C）ratios.Insomecases,theV/CratioisusedtodefineLOS.

CategoricalExclusion

Examplesofcategoricalexclusionsareactionswhich,basedonpastexperiencewithsimilaractions,donotinvolvesignificantenvironmentalimpacts.Theyareactionswhichdonotdoanyofthefollowing:

inducesignificantimpactstoplannedgrowthorlanduseforthearea;requiretherelocationofsignificantnumbersofpeople;haveasignificantimpactonanynatural,cultural,recreational,historicorotherresource;involvesignificantair,noise,orwaterqualityimpacts;havesignificantimpactsontravelpatterns;orotherwise,eitherindividuallyorcumulatively,haveanysignificantenvironmentalimpacts.

CentralBusinessDistrict（CBD）

Thedowntownretailtradeandcommercialareaofacityoranareahavinghighlandvalues,trafficflow,andconcentrationofretailbusinessoffices,entertainment,lodging,andservices.

ChangeableMessageSign（CMS）

ACMSisusedtoadvisedriversoftrafficorroadwayconditionsaheadand,insomecases,recommendalternateroutes.TheCMSalsoreducesdriverfrustrationbyprovidingadvancewarning.ACMSisalsoreferredtoasaVariableMessageSign（VMS）.

CollectorDistributor（CD）

ACDfreewaysystemseparateslocalandthroughtrafficbyuseofCDroadwaysandthroughroadways（"mainlanes"or"coreroadway"）.TheCDroadwayislocatedbetweenthemainlanesandafrontageroadorlocalstreetsystem.Onthemainlanes,trafficflowisimprovedsinceweavingiseliminatedandaccesspointsarereduced;theCDroadwayprovidesneededfreewayaccesspoints.ACDroadwayisdifferentfromafrontageroadbecauseaccesstoadjacentpropertiesisnotpermitted.ACDroadwaycancomplementanexistingfrontageroadsystembyinclusionoframpsconnectingtheCDroadwaytothefrontageroad;thefrontageroadisthenbetterabletohandletrafficaccessingadjacentproperties.Fortraffictravelingbetweenafreewaysystemandmoredistantpoints,"directconnect"rampscanbeusedto"directlyconnect"theCDroadwaytomajorthoroughfares（leadingtomajortrafficgenerationareas）and,thereby,bypassfrontageroadsorlocalstreetsadjacenttothefreeway.ThisCDroadwayanddirectconnectramparrangementeliminatesmergingandweavingmovementsthatwouldotherwiseoccurbetweenthefreeway,frontageroad,andlocalroads.Duringpeaktraffic,thisarrangementcanprovidetheaddedbenefitofkeepingopenthosesectionsoffreewaylanesapproachingexitrampssincegreaterstoragelengthforexitingtrafficqueues（linesofvehicleswaitingtheirturn）ismade;increasedqueuestorageismadebythegreaterlengthofthedirectconnectramps,thereductionofturbulenceinthequeue（noaccesstoadjacentproperty）,andtherelocationofthequeueawayfrom,insteadofparallelwiththefreeway.ACDsystemwithdirectconnectrampscanpromoteintermodalismsinceitprovidesforeasiermovementoftransitvehicleslikebuses.BusescaneasilytraveldirectlybetweentheCDroadwayandlocalstreetswithouthavingtomergeandweaveonandoffoffrontageroads.TheCDroadway'soperatingspeedisgenerallylowerthanthemainlanessincetheCDroadwayhasmoreentranceandexitareas.Itisworthnotingthatafreeway'soptimaltrafficcarryingcapacityoccursataround45mph.Becauseofthisloweroperatingspeed,theCDroadwaymaybedesignedwithalowerdesignspeedwhichallowsformoreflexibledesign.Ingeneral,afreewaysystemwithhightrafficvolumes,inacity-typearea,canhaveitsoveralltrafficcarryingcapacityandflowoperationsimprovedbyuseofaCDsystem.CDsystemsarecurrentlyinoperationinseveralcitiesacrossthenation.

CommuterRail（CR）

CommuterRailisurbanpassengertrainserviceforshortdistance（local）travelbetweenacentralcityandadjacentsuburbsandlonghaul（regional）passengerservicebetweencities.Itdoesnotincludeheavyrails