Day 7 阅读理解7说明文.docx
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Day7阅读理解7说明文
Day7阅读理解（7）（说明文）
Passage1
文体：
说明文词数：
403限时：
8分钟
Twonewstudiessuggestthatmodernrunningshoescouldincreasetheriskofinjuriestorunners.
Onestudyinvolvedsixty-eighthealthyyoungwomenandmenwhoranatleasttwenty-fourkilometersaweek.Therunnerswereobservedonatreadmillmachine（跑步机）.Sometimestheyworerunningshoes.Othertimestheyranbarefoot（赤脚）.
ResearchersfromtheJKMTechnologiesCompanyinVirginia,theUniversityofVirginiaandtheUniversityofColoradodidthestudy.
Theyfoundthatrunningshoescreatemorestressthatcoulddamageknees,hipsandanklejointsthanrunningbarefoot.Theyobservedthattheeffectwasevengreaterthantheeffectreportedearlierforwalkinginhighheels.ThestudyappearedintheofficialscientificjournalofTheAmericanAcademyofPhysicalMedicine.
TheotherstudyappearedinthejournalNature.ItcomparedrunnersintheUnitedStatesandKenya.TheresearcherswerefromHarvardUniversityinMassachusetts,MoiUniversityinKenyaandtheUniversityofGlasgowinScotland.
Theydividedtherunnersintothreegroups.Onegrouphadalwaysrunshoeless.Anothergrouphadalwaysrunwithshoes.Andthethirdgrouphadchangedtoshoelessrunning.
Runnerswhowearshoesusuallycomedowntheirheelfirst.Thatputsgreatforceonthebackofthefoot.Butthestudyfoundthatbarefootrunnersgenerallylandonthefrontormiddleoftheirfoot.Thatwaytheyeaseintotheirlandingandavoidstrikingtheirheel.
Harvard’sDanielLiebermanledthestudy.Hesaysthewaymostrunningshoesaredesignedmayexplainwhythosewhowearthemlandontheirheel.Theheeloftheshoeisbiggerandheavierthanotherpartsoftheshoe,soitwouldseemmorelikelytocomedownfirst.Also,theheelgenerallyhasthickmaterialunderittosoftenlandings.
Buttheresearchersdonotsuggestthatrunnersimmediatelystartrunningbarefoot.Theysayittakessometraining.Andtherecanberisks,likerunningwhenyourfeetaretoocoldtofeelifyougetinjured.
ThestudywaspartlysupportedbyVibram,whichmakesakindoffootwearthatitsaysislikerunningbarefoot.Thefindingshavegottenalotofattention.Buttheresearcherssaytherearemanyproblemsinthewaythepresshasreportedintheirpaper.SotheyhavetriedtoexplaintheirfindingsonaHarvardWebsite.
1.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?
A.Walkinginhighheelscouldcauselessseriouseffectsthanrunningbarefoot
B.Twonewdiscoveriesencouragepeopletoruninhighheels.
C.Runninginshoesispartlygoodtorunners.
D.Twonewstudiesproverunningwithoutshoesislessriskytorunnersinmostcases.
2.Whichpartofourbodycouldbeinjuredifweruninrunningshoes?
A.Toes.B.Hips.C.Feet.D.Legs.
3.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?
A.Thewaythatwerunbylandingonthefrontormiddleofourfootcouldavoiddamagingourheel.
B.Weshouldstartrunningbarefootinnotime.
C.Runninginmodernrunningshoescouldcausemoreseriouseffectsthanrunninginhighheels.
D.Wewon’tbeinjuredifwerunbarefoot.
4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardtheuseofthemodernrunningshoes?
A.Persuasive.B.Negative.
C.Objective.D.Supportive.
Passage2
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说明文词数：
335限时：
7分钟
Ifyouseeagroupofpeopledancingandsingingonthestreetorintherailwaystation,youdon’tneedtofeelsurprised.Theyareaflashmob（快闪族）,whichisagroupofpeoplewhocometogethersuddenlyinapublicplace,dosomethingunusualforabriefperiodoftime,andthenquicklybreakup.TheyareusuallyorganizedwiththehelpoftheInternetorotherdigitalcommunicationnetwork.Atapredeterminedtime,theygatherandperformsomedistractions（消遣）suchaswavingtheirhandsandexchangingbooks.Then,theyquicklybreakupbeforethepolicecanarrive.Usingmobilephones,theflashmobcanchangeitslocationifthefirstonehasbeenreplacedforanyreason.
BillLasik,senioreditorofHarper’sMagazine,organizedthefirstflashmobinManhattaninMay,2003andthefirstsuccessfulflashmobcametogetheronJune3,2003—afterthefirstattemptwasfoiledatMacy’sdepartmentstore.Lasikclaimedthattheactivitywasdesignedtomakefunofhipsters（赶时髦的人）,andcallattentiontotheculturalatmosphere.
Flashmobgatheringscansometimesshockpeople.Suchanactivitymightseemamusinganduntrue,butitalsomightfrightenpeoplewhoarenotawareofwhatistakingplace.Undoubtedly,flashmobscanserveasgoodpoliticaltoolsinanydirection.Theyalsohavegreateconomicpotential,suchasusingflashmobstoadvertiseaproduct.
Theflashmobisnowbecomingmoreandmorepopular.Peopleuseittodomanythings.Forexample,in2009,MichaelJackson’sfanstookpartinaflashmobtorememberhim.HundredsofhisfansgatheredsinginganddancingMichael’sfamoussong“BeatIt”together.Flashmobsgivepeoplefromallwalksoflifeanopportunitytocometogethertocreateamemory.
1.Theunderlinedword“foiled”inParagraph2canbereplacedby______.
A.forgottenB.prevented
C.announcedD.confirmed
2.Whatcanyoulearnabouttheflashmobfromthepassage?
A.Theflashmobusuallybreaksupquicklyforlackingenoughtime.
B.Oncetheplacefortheactivityisdetermined,itcan’tbechanged.
C.Theflashmobcanbemadeuseofinmanyfieldsjustforfun.
D.Itgivespeoplethechancetocometogethertodosomethingunusual.
3.Themainpurposeofthepassageis______.
A.toentertainB.toencourage
C.toinformD.topersuade
4.Thewriter’sattitudetowardtheflashmobis______.
A.negativeB.objective
C.favorableD.doubtful
Passage3
文体：
说明文词数：
366限时：
7分钟
Evergetthatfeelingyou’rebeingwatched?
Well,ifyou’readog-owner,youmayhaveapoint.Dogsareabletowatchpeople’sinteractionswithoneanothertodeterminewhoholdsyummiertreats,accordingtoanewstudy.Thisstudyjoinsothersthatshowdogsaregoodobserversofhumanbehaviorsandfeelings.Itoffersevidencethatdogsuseinformationnotonlyfrompeople’sdirectinteractionswiththem,butalsotheirinteractionswithoneanother.
Inthestudy,dogswatchedamanaskingtwowomenforsomeoftheircorns.Bothwomengavethemancornswhenheasked,butinresponsetoonewoman,themanshowedhisenthusiasmandsaidthecornsweresodelicious.Inresponsetotheotherwoman,hegavethecornsbackandcalledthemgross（inSpanish；thestudywasconductedinArgentina）.Aftertheseinteractions,themanleftandanassistantholdingthedogletthedoggo.Whilemanydogsdidn’tapproacheitherwoman,thedogsthatdidhaveapreferencetendedtopreferthewomanwiththeyummierfood.
Otherstudiesofdogs’people-watchingabilityhavefounddogsareabletotellthedifferencebetweenhappyandsadfacesoftheirowners.Theypreferpeoplewhogiveothersfoodwhenaskedtopeoplewhodon’tgiveothersfood.Andinonestudy,dogsturnedtowardcryingpeoplemoreoftenthantowardtalkingpeople.
Sohowmuchdodogsreallyunderstandthehumansaroundthem?
That’snottotallysettledyet.Inastrangetwist,totheArgentinestudyabove,whentheresearcherstriedanexperimentinwhichtheyputtwoplatesofcornsonatableandhadamanreacttoeachplate,dogsdidn’tpreferentiallyapproachthetastierplateafterward.Youcouldsaydogswatchfortheinteractionbetweentwopersons,notjusthowapersonreacts.Yetapreviousstudyfounddogswillchooseboxesthatpeoplereactedtohappily,butnotboxespeoplereactedtowithadisgustedface.
Well,eitherway,youcanbesureFluffsiskeepinganeyeonyou,tothebestofherability.ThestudywaspublishedinthejournalPLOSOne.
1.Whatdoesthemainstudyinthispassageshow?
A.Dogspreferyummierfoods.
B.Dogscanreadhumanactionsandfeelings.
C.Dogscaninteractwithhumanseasily.
D.Dogsliketocopyhuman’sbehavior.
2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“gross”probablymean?
A.Healthy.B.Disgusting.
C.Yummy.D.Hot.
3.WhichisoneoftheproceduresoftheArgentinestudy?
A.Themanhaddifferentreactionstothefoodreceived.
B.oneofthewomendidn’tgivethefoodtotheman.
C.Theassistantaccompaniedthedogstogetthefood.
D.Manydogswenttooneofthewomen.
4.WhatcanbeconcludedfromParagraph4?
A.Interactionsbetweentwopersonsconfusedogs.
B.Dogsneverunderstandthereactionofoneperson.
C.Thefindingsofsomestudiesarecontroversial.
D.Dogshavegoodinteractionswithoneanother.
答案及解析
Passage1
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
一项新的研究表明，穿着跑鞋跑步其实对身体并不好，赤脚跑步反而可以在一定程度上避免奔跑带来的损伤。
1.D【解析】主旨大意题。
第一段Twonewstudiessuggestthatmodernrunningshoescouldincreasetheriskofinjuriestorunners.点出了文章的主题：
穿跑鞋跑步会增加受伤的风险。
在下文的试验中多次提到赤脚跑步的损伤较小。
由此可推断本文的主旨大意是赤脚跑步对运动员来说风险较小。
故选D项。
2.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据第四段第一句Theyfoundthatrunningshoescreatemorestressthatcoulddamageknees，hipsandanklejointsthanrunningbarefoot.可知，应选B项。
3.A【解析】推理判断题。
根据第八段第三至四句Butthestudyfoundthatbarefootrunnersgenerallylandonthefrontormiddleoftheirfoot.Thatwaytheyeaseintotheirlandingandavoidstrikingtheirheel.可知，赤脚跑步是前脚掌先落地，这样可以避免给脚后跟造成更多的压力。
故A项正确。
4.C【解析】推理判断题。
通篇文章作者都在引用研究结果和专家意见，故只是在客观陈述事实，而没有发表个人意见。
故选C项。
Passage2
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
本文介绍了快闪族的特征和由来，并介绍了当前流行的快闪族活动。
1.B【解析】词义猜测题。
根据第二段第一句可知，比尔·拉西克于2003年5月在曼哈顿组织了第一个快闪族活动，但是快闪族第一次成功地聚在一起是在2003年6月3日。
由此可推断比尔·拉西克第一次组织的快闪族活动没有成功，foiled意为“被阻止”。
故选B项。
2.D【解析】细节理解题。
根据最后一段最后一句可知，快闪活动可以给人们提供聚在一起创造难忘的回忆的机会，即做些不同寻常的事情。
故D项正确。
3.C【解析】推理判断题。
作者写这篇文章的目的是向我们介绍快闪族。
故选C项。
4.C【解析】推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知，快闪活动使人们有机会聚在一起做些不同寻常的事情。
由此推断作者对快闪族持赞成态度。
故选C项。
Passage3
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。
一项研究表明，狗能够通过观察对人的行为和情感作出判断。
1.B【解析】细节理解题。
根据第一段第四句Thisstudyjoinsothersthatshowdogsaregoodobserversofhumanbehaviorsandfeelings.可知，这项研究表明狗能够通过观察判断人类的行为和情感。
故选B项。
2.B【解析】词义猜测题。
根据
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