英语单词中英文解释.docx

英语单词中英文解释.docx

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英语单词中英文解释

compulsion 

/kəmˈpʌlʃn;kəmˋpʌlʃən/n~（todosth）1[U]compellingorbeingcompelled强迫;强制;被迫:

Irefusetoactundercompulsion,iebecauseIamforcedto.我决不能让人逼着做事.*Youneedfeelundernocompulsiontoaccept,iedonothavetoaccept.你不必勉强接受.

[C]urge（esptobehaveinanirrationalway）thatonecannotresist（不能克制的）慾望,冲动,要求（尤指不合情理的行为）:

acompulsiontodestroythings毁物慾.

shouldhavedone只用于谈论过去情况，主要有两个用法：

■用于推测过去已经发生的情况。

如：

Heshouldhavearrivedbynow. 此时他本该到了。

用于指本该发生而实际上未发生的情况。

如：

Youshouldhavetoldmesobefore. 你早就应该告诉我。

wouldhavedone:

本应该那样做却没有做

wouldnothavedone：

本不应该做的事却做了

多数情况下用于虚拟语气中．

otherthan不同于,除了,与…不同；与…不同方式

There’snobodyhereotherthanme.除了我这里没别人.

Youcan’tgetthereotherthanbyswimming.你只能靠游泳游到那边去.

ratherthan用来表示“是...而不是...”,通常连接两个并列成分

eg:

Heisanartistratherthanaphilosopher.

他是位艺术家而不是位哲学家.

set`offbegin（ajourney,race,etc）开始（旅行﹑赛跑等）:

Whattimeareyouplanningtosetofftomorrow?

你打算明天几点钟启程?

*They'vesetoffonajourneyroundtheworld.他们已经开始环游世界.*Ifyouwanttocatchthattrainwe'dbettersetoffforthestationimmediately.你要是想赶上那班火车,咱们就最好马上动身去火车站.setsthoff（a）cause（abomb,mine,etc）toexplode使（炸弹﹑地雷等）爆炸:

Dobecarefulwiththosefireworks;theslightestsparkcouldsetthemoff.这些烟火要格外小心,稍有火星就能引起爆炸.（b）causeorpromptsth引起或激发某事物:

Paniconthestockmarketsetoffawaveofselling.股票市场上人心惶惶,掀起抛售浪潮.（c）makesthappearmoreattractivebycontrast（通过对比）使某事物更有吸引力:

Thatjumpersetsofftheblueofhereyes.在这件毛衣衬托下,她眼睛的蓝色显得更漂亮了.setsboff（doingsth）causesbtostart（doingsth）使某人开始做（某事物）:

Don'tsethimofftalkingpoliticsorhe'llgoonallevening.可别让他谈起政治来,要不然他一谈就得一个晚上.*Herimitationsalwayssetmeoff（laughing）.她模仿别人的动作,每次都把我逗得哈哈大笑.

duck2 

/dʌk;dʌk/v

[I,Ipr,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr,Tn.p]move（espone'shead）downquickly,toavoidbeingseenorhit迅速低下（尤指头）（以免被看见或被打中）:

Isawthegunandduckedunderthewindow.我见到枪就迅速俯在窗下.*Duckyourheaddown!

低下头!

[Tn,Tn.pr]push（sb）underwaterforashorttime使（某人）浸入水中片刻:

Hersistersduckedherintheriver.她的姐妹把她按到河里.

[Ipr,Tn]（infml口）~（outof）sthavoidordodge（aduty,responsibilityetc）躲避,推脱,推委（任务﹑责任等）:

It'shisturntowashupbuthe'lltryandduckoutofit.轮到他刷锅洗碗,他却想法儿逃避.

Herloveforhimblindedher（tohisfaults）.她非常爱他以至（对他的缺点）丧失了判断力.

shut 

/ʃʌt;ʃʌt/v（-tt-,pt,ppshut）

（a）[Tn]move（adoor,lid,window,etc）intoapositionwhereitblocksanopening关上（门﹑盖子﹑窗户等）:

shutthedoorsandwindowsatnight夜晚把门窗都关上*shutthedrawer关上抽屉*Ican'tshutthesuitcaselidwhenit'ssofull.衣箱装得很满,我盖不上盖子了.*Heshutthedooronher/inherface,iewouldn'tletherin.他把她关在门外了.（b）[I]（ofadoor,etc）moveorbeabletobemovedintosuchaposition（指门等）关上,能关闭:

Thewindowwon'tshut.这窗户关不上.*Thesupermarketdoorsshutautomatically.超级市场的门是自动关的.

grey 

（alsoespUSgray）/greɪ;ɡre/adj

（a）ofthecolourbetweenblackandwhite;colouredlikeashes,slate,lead,etc灰色的;灰白的:

greyeyes,hair,etc灰色的眼睛﹑头发等*agreysuit灰色西装.（b）[usupred通常作表语]havinggreyhair有灰色头发;有花白头发:

Shehasturnedquitegreyrecently.她近来头发多已斑白.*I'mgoinggrey.我的头发开始白了.（c）dull;cloudy灰暗的;阴沉的:

agreyday阴沉的一天.

ease1 

/iːz;iz/n[U]

freedomfromwork,discomfort,painoranxiety安逸;舒适;无痛苦;无忧虑:

alifeofease安逸舒适的生活*easeofmind心情舒畅*Theinjectionbroughthimimmediateease.他经注射後疼痛顿消.Cf参看easy12.

（idm习语）（stand）at`ease（asamilitarycommand用作军事口令）（stand）withfeetapartandhandsbehindtheback稍息.Cf参看attention4.（be/feel）at（one's）`ease（be/feel）comfortableandunworried;（be/feel）completelyrelaxed（感到）舒适而无忧虑;（感到）完全松弛:

Ineverfeelateaseinhiscompany.我跟他在一起总是感到很不自在.*Finishtheworkatyourease,ieinyourowntime.你可以从容地把这项工作做完（在你方便时）.illatease=>ill1.put/setsbat（his,her,etc）`easemakesbfeelcomfortable,freefromembarrassment,etc使某人感到舒适﹑不拘束等:

Hehadbeendreadingtheirmeetingbutherwarmwelcomesoonputhimathisease.他对彼此相见一直忐忑不安,可是她热情相迎使他很快就无拘无束了.put/setsb'smindatease/rest=>mind1.,takeone's`easestopworkingorworrying;relax不再工作或忧虑;休息;轻松;放心:

Shesatdownandtookhereasebythefire.她坐在火旁休息一下.with`easewithoutdifficulty容易地;无困难地:

Hepassedthetestwithease.他轻而易举地考及格了.

sneakn（infml口）cowardlydeceitfulperson（esponewhoinformsonothers）怯懦而惯於欺骗的人（尤指告密者）.

sneakadj[attrib作定语]actingordonewithoutwarning;secretandunexpected出其不意的;秘密而突如其来的:

asneakattack偷袭*asneakpreview不公开试映*asneaklookataletter偷看信.

sneakersn[pl]（US;Britinfml口）=plimsolls:

Heworeoldjeansandapairofsneakers.他穿着旧牛仔裤和胶底运动鞋.

sneakingadj[attrib作定语]（espofanunwantedfeeling）secretandunexpressed（尤指不应有的情感）私下的,暗地的:

haveasneakingrespect,sympathy,etcforsb暗地里敬佩﹑同情...某人*Ihaveasneaking（ieunprovedandvaguebutpossiblyright）suspicionthathestolemywallet.我心想准是他偷了我的钱包.

rug 

/rʌg;rʌɡ/n

thickfloor-mat（ususmallerthanacarpet）厚地毯（通常比carpet小）:

a`hearth-rug壁炉前的小地毯.

（a）faintlightaftersunsetorbeforesunrise日落後或日出前的微光;曙光;暮色:

Icouldn'tseetheirfacesclearlyinthetwilight.我在曙色朦胧中看不清他们的脸.（b）periodofthis黎明或薄暮时分:

farmerswalkinghomeattwilight黄昏时走回家的农民*Twilightisadangeroustimefordrivers.黎明或黄昏是司机容易出事的时间.

the~（ofsth）（rhet修辞）periodofdecreasingimportanceorstrength;decline衰落时期;没落:

thetwilightofhiscareer他事业的衰退时期*[attrib作定语]histwilightyears他的暮年.

hauln

1actofhauling拖;拉;运送.

2（ususing通常作单数）distancetobetravelled移动的距离:

short/medium/longhaulaircraft短程[中程/远程]运输飞机*Ourcampisonlyashorthaulfromhere.我们的营地近在咫尺.

3（a）quantityoffishcaughtinanetatonetime一网的捕鱼量:

Thefishermenhadagoodhaul.渔民捕得满满一网鱼.（b）（fig比喻）amountgainedbyeffort经努力获得的数量:

Thethiefgotawaywithahugehaul.那个贼偷走了大量财物.

4（idm习语）alonghaul=>long1.

jolt 

/dʒəult;dʒolt/v

[I,Ipr,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr,Tn.p]（causesb/sthto）movewithsuddenjerkymovements（使某人[某物]）颠簸着移动:

Theoldbusjoltedalong（aroughtrack）.旧公共汽车（沿凹凸不平的小路）颠簸而行.

（phrv）joltsbinto/outofsthmakesbactbygivinghimasuddenshock使某人受到震惊而采取行动:

Hewasjoltedoutofhislethargyandintoactionwhenherealizedhehadonlyashorttimetofinishthearticle.他意识到须在很短时间就得把文章写完,立即动手写起来.

>joltn（espsing尤作单数）

1suddenbumporshake;jerk震动;摇晃;颠簸:

stopwithajolt停止时震动了一下.

2（fig比喻）surprise;shock惊奇;震惊:

Thenewsoftheaccidentgaveheranunpleasantjolt/quiteajolt.她听到出事的消息吃了一惊[大吃一惊].

joltyadjjolting震动的;摇晃的;颠簸的.

eventful 

adjective

fullofthingsthathappen,especiallyexciting,importantordangerousthings:

aneventfulday/life/journey

/seɪl;sel/v

（a）[Ipr,Ip]travelonwaterinaship,yacht,etcusingsailsorenginepower;moveforwardonice,asandybeach,etcinawheeledvehiclewithsails（乘船或机帆船﹑游艇等）作水上旅行;（坐带帆的轮式运载工具）在冰上或沙滩上滑行:

sailup/alongthecoast向[沿]海岸航行*sailintotheharbour驶入海港*anoiltankersailingby驶过的油轮.（b）[I]（usu通常作gosailing）travelonwaterinaboatwithsails,espasasport乘帆船航行;（尤指）帆船运动.=>Usageattravel用法见travel.

[I,Ipr]~（from...）（for/to...）（ofashiporthecrewandpassengers）beginavoyage（指船或船员和乘客）起航:

Whendoestheshipsail?

这船何时起航?

*Hehassailed（fromSouthampton）forNewYork.他已乘船（从南安普顿）去纽约了.

[Tn]travelbyshipacrossoron（asea,anocean,etc）乘船在（海洋等）上或越过（海洋等）旅行:

sailtheAegeaninacruiser乘游艇在爱琴海上旅游.

[I,Tn,Tn.pr,Tn.p]（beableto）control（ashiporboat）（能）驾驶（船）:

Doyousail?

你会驾驶船吗?

*Shesailsherownyacht.她驾驶自己的游艇.*Hesailedtheboatbetweentheislands.他驾驶着船在两岛之间航行.

/fens;fɛns/n

structureofrails,stakes,wire,etc,esponeputroundafieldorgardentomarkaboundaryorkeepanimalsfromstraying栅栏;篱笆;围墙.=>illusatApp1见附录1插图,pagevi.

（idm习语）comedownononesideofthefenceortheother=>side1.sitonthefence=>sit.

>fencev

1[Tn]surround,divide,etc（sth）withafence用栅栏﹑篱笆﹑围墙等将（某物）围着或隔开等:

Farmersfencetheirfields.农人用篱笆把田地围起.*Hislandwasfencedwithbarbedwire.他的土地用铁丝网围着.

ringer 

noun

=BELL-RINGER

（AmE）ahorseorpersonthattakespartinaraceillegally,forexamplebyusingafalsename

ringer

[英][ˈrɪŋə（r）][美][ˈrɪŋɚ]

n.

套环，投环;

lousy 

/ˈlauzɪ;ˋlaʊzɪ/adj（-ier,-iest）

infestedwithlice多蝨的.

（infml口）verybadorill极坏的;极不适的:

alousyholiday极糟的假日*Ifeellousy.我觉得很不舒服.

[pred作表语]~withsth/sb（sl俚）havingmorethanenoughofsth/sb大量;多:

InAugusttheplaceislousywithtourists.八月里这地方游客多如牛毛.

heck 

/hek;hɛk/interj,n（infmleuph口,婉）（usedtoexpressmildannoyanceorsurpriseorforemphasis用以表示轻度的懊恼或惊讶,或用以加强语气）hell:

Ohheck,I'mgoingtobelate.糟糕,我要迟到了.*Wehadtowaitaheckofalongtime.我们可等了很长时间.

elegant 

/ˈelɪgənt;ˋɛləɡənt/adjtastefulandstylishinappearanceormanner（相貌或仪态）优雅的,文雅的,高雅的:

anelegantwoman,coat,styleofwriting文雅的女人﹑高雅的外衣﹑优美的写作风格*elegantmanners优雅的仪态.>elegance/ˈelɪgəns;ˋɛləɡəns/n[U].elegantlyadv:

Healwaysdresseselegantly.他总是穿得很讲究.

havethegracetodosthbepoliteenoughtodosth出於礼貌而做某事:

Hemighthavehadthegracetosayhewassorry!

他本可以出於礼貌说声抱歉的嘛!

insb'sgood`gracesapprovedofandfavouredbysb为某人赞同和喜爱:

I'mnotinhergoodgracesatthemoment.我此刻尚未讨得她的欢心.asavinggrace=>save1.with（a）bad/good`gracereluctantlyandrudely/willinglyandcheerfully勉强而粗鲁地[欣然而情愿地]:

Sheapologizedwith（a）badgrace.她很勉强地道了歉.*Theywithdrewtheirobjectionswithasgoodagraceastheycouldmanage.他们极力装出情愿的样子撤回了反对意见.yearofgrace=>year.

back4 

/bæk;bæk/v

[I,Ipr,Ip,Tn,Tn.pr,Tn.p]（causesthto）movebackwards（使某物）後退:

back（acar）outof/intothegarage,ontotheroad,into（iehitting）atree开倒车驶出[驶入]车房﹑驶上公路﹑撞着一棵树.

[Ipr,Tn]~（on/onto