14Mckinsey-新员工培训手册(内有全部麦肯锡的工具和方法介绍)英文.ppt

14Mckinsey-新员工培训手册(内有全部麦肯锡的工具和方法介绍)英文.ppt

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Organization:

OverviewofCoreFrameworks,LocalTrainingModuleForFirst-yearAssociatesAssociateHandbook,FOREWORDANDOBJECTIVE,ThisOrganizationPractice（OP）documentprovidesanoverviewforuseinlocaltrainingsessionsforfirst-yearassociates.Itispartofa“seriesonfunctionalareas.”TheobjectiveoftheseriesistointroduceMcKinseypractitionerstothebasicsineachofourfunctionalareasofexpertise.AllthedocumentsintheseriesarecomprehensiveinnatureanddescribethecurrenttoolsandframeworksinthatfunctionalareaAttheendofthisdocument,youcanfindasectiondescribingaselectionofthecoredocumentsandhandbooksthatcangiveyoufurtherdetailsonsomeoftheframeworksdescriedhere.AllofthesedocumentsarenowonPDNet;andhardcopiesofthemcanberequestedfromPDNetExpress,whichwilldeliverthemin24hoursThecontentsofthisdocumenthavebeenadaptedforlocaltrainingsessionsthrough“SwitchingTracks”OPsfirst-yearmodulevideotape,whichcommunicatesthebasicconceptsinaconciseandvisualwayusinganactualclientTheScandinavianRailroadCompany.Itis40minuteslongandshouldbepresentedin3shortsegments.Betweenthesesegments,thefacultymemberrunstheattachedexercises,addsanycommentaryhe/sheconsidersnecessarytoclarifytheconcepts,andprovidespersonalexperienceonselectedtopics.AcopyofthevideotapeandmoderatorsguidewithexercisescanberequestedfromtheFirm,Thisdocumentseekstoanswer4questions,SECTION1Whydoassociatesneedtoconsiderorganizationalissuesineveryengagement?

SECTION2Whatframeworksdoweusetohelpourclientsimproveorganizationalperformance?

SECTION3Whatroledoesanassociateplayinorganizationwork?

SECTION4Wherecananassociatefindoutmore?

McKinseysmissionistohavelastingandsubstantialimpactonourclients.Tosucceed,weneedtoworkallthreeofthecriticalelements:

choosethebeststrategy,developworld-classoperations,aligntheorganization.Thesethreeelementsbothreinforceandconstraineachother.Thebeststrategyisonlyrelevantifitisoperationallyandorganizationallyfeasible.Theoptimalorganizationaldesigndependsuponthestrategicrequirementandtheoperationalmethodsoftheclient.Thisdocumentfocusesononevertexofthistriangularrelationship.Itwouldbewrong,however,tobelievethatyoucanachievetheimpactweseekbyfocusingononevertex.Weneedtoconsiderallthreeineverystudy.,CRITICALELEMENTSFORIMPACT,Successfulstrategy,Efficientoperations,Effectiveorganization,Weonlyachieveimpactwhentheorganizationsweservearesuccessfulinimplementingthestrategiesandoperationalmethodswepropose.However,arecentsurveyofengagementsinwhichclientsfailedtoimplementproposedstrategiesfound,inthreecasesoutoffour,thattheclientorganizationwasnotchange-readyorevencapableofimplementingthestrategyweproposed.Toensurethatwehaveimpact,weneedtoconsiderorganizationalissuesaswedevisestrategies.Wemustchoosestrategiestheclientsarereadyandabletoimplementorcomplementourstrategyworkwithinvestmentinbuildingtheorganizationsskillssothattheorganizationcanstepuptothechallengethesuperiorstrategyposes.,3OUTOF4STRATEGIESTHATFAILDOSOBECAUSEOFTHEORGANIZATIONSINABILITYTOEXECUTE,100%=340responses,Percent,McKinseyrecommendationsflawed,Clientnotchange-readyorcommitted,Organizationlackedthecapabilitiestoexecutestrategy,Other,Thedemandfororganizationalworkisincreasing.Trendsinthemarketplaceandtheevolvingnatureofourclientslargelyexplainthisincreaseindemand.Thepaceofchangeinthemarketplaceisaccelerating.Astrategicchoiceoranoperationalinnovationevokesarapidreactionfromcompetitor.Rarelycanadurablecompetitiveadvantagebefoundinthesechoices.Ratheritisthedevelopmentofauniqueorganizationalcapabilitywiththeinherentflexibilityandcommitmenttosustainworld-classperformancethatprovidesdurablecompetitiveadvantageinthesetimesofrapidchange.Theclientsweservearechangingaswell.Theyhaveincreasinglyhiredin-housestrategiccapabilities.MosthavebuiltstrategyshopsclosetotheCEO.Few,however,havethein-housecapabilityandobjectivitytodotheorganizationalworkrequiredtomakechangehappen.,ORGANIZATIONALWORKGROWINGINIMPORTANCE,EvolvingmarketplaceQuickeningpaceofstrategicadaptationDurablecompetitiveadvantageoftenrootedinuniqueorganizationalcapabilitiesEvolvingplayersManybusinessesacquiringin-housestrategiccapabilityMakingchangehappenremainsthe“neglectedart”,McKinseysengagementmixPercentoftime,Increasingdemandforhelpwithorganizationissuesandchangemanagement,Source:

Surveyof23MGMsacrosstheFirm,Therecentevolutioninourclientshasnotbeenmissedbyourcompetitors.Eachofourcompetitorshasrecentlyintroducedabrandedorganizationalelementtotheirportfolio.Theirorganizationalexpertisefiguresprominentlyintheirmarketingcampaigns.,COMPETITORSHAVEBRANDEDORGANIZATIONTOOLS,McKinseysconsultingapproachmustevolveasourclientsevolve.Thesechangesprovokeashiftinthenatureofourworkandanevolutionoftheroleoftheassociateonengagements.Theincreaseddemandfororganizationalworkimpactsassociatesdirectly.Associatesaredrawnintoleadershiprolesonlargerteamsatanearlierpointintheircareers.ThisplacesgreateremphasisontheneedforassociatestodevelopquitesoonafterjoiningMcKinsey-superbteamleadershipskills.,EVOLUTIONINMcKINSEYSAPPROACH,*Surveyof23MGMsacrosstheFirm,Beforewediveintotheorganizationmaterials,weshouldannounceonecriticalcaveat:

theframeworksyouareabouttoseeareonlyasgoodasthejudgmentandinsightusedtofillthemout.Theframeworksareoftenmerechecklists,usefultoolstoensureyoudonotoverlookakeydimension.TheOPcanprovideinterviewguidesandquestionnairesthatyoucanusetofleshouttheframeworks,aswellasappliedexamplesinarangeofsettings.However,almostallorganizationalissuesare“situationdependent”,andalmostallclientsettingsareunique.Yourjudgment,insight,creativity,andorganizationalacumenwilldeterminewhetheryouaddvalueintheclientsetting.,ACRITICALCAVEAT,“Garbagein,garbageout”,OrganizationalpracticeframeworksChecklistsSurveys,questionnairesAppliedexamples,Garbage,Goodjudgment,keeninsight,creativity,organizationalacumen,Garbage,Clientimpact,Aseriesofframeworksareavailabletohelpclientsidentifyandaddressorganizationallimitsoneffectivenessorobstaclestochange.Theyalsopointtowardsolutions.Theseframeworkshelpteamsanswertwofundamentalquestions:

Whatchangeisneeded?

Howshouldtheclientimplementthechange?

TheOPhasderivedasetofsixattributesthatcharacterizehigh-performingorganizations（HPO）.Byassessingwhetheryourclientorganizationexhibitsthesesixattributes,youcandiagnosewhetheranorganizationalperformancegapexistsaswell.Additionally,the7-Sswillhelpyouidentifystrengthsanddeficienciesintheorganization.The7-Ssfocusteamsonaligningstructure,staff,systems,andstyletopromotebehavioralchangeandbuildskillsinpivotaljobholders.Bycontrastingtherequiredskillset（atboththeorganizationandthepivotaljobholderlevel）withthecurrentskillset,youcanoftenclarifytheorganizationalgapthatexists.Youcompletethediagnosticbyfillingoutthechangeboard.Thatexercisehelpsteamsunderstandtheorganizationalskilldeficitsorresistancetochangesotheycandeliberatelyplantobuildthenecessaryskillsandwillingnesstochangeintheorganization.Oncethegapshavebeenidentified,theteamneedstolayoutachangeprogramtoclosethegaps.Thetransformationtrianglehighlightsthethreecriticaldimensionsofanyeffectivechangeprogram-topdown,bottomup,cross-functional.Theproperbalanceamongthesedimensionsdependsonthegap,theclientsetting,andthecompetitivecontext.Everychangeprogramcontainssomemixofsixfundamentalenergizingelements.Eachmustbeconsideredaswedesignchangeprograms.Thissectionofthehandbookwilldiscusseachframeworkinturn.,COREFRAMEWORKS,High-performingorganizationattributes,7-Sframework,Winningformula,Pivotaljobs,Designlevers,Organizationalstructure,Staff,Managementsystems,Leadershipstyle,Changeboard,Agenda/platform,DirectionsettingStructuringBottom-upenergizing,Transformationtriangle,Energizingelements,TheOPundertookastudyof10high-performingcompanies,trueindustryleaders,thatweknewverywell.Thecompanieshadsustainedpace-settingperformanceintheirrespectiveindustriesover2decades.These10HPOssharedsixmanagementattributes,eachofwhichfocusesonperformance.BycomparingyourclientorganizationtotheseHPOs,youmayidentifyopportunitiestoimproveyourclientorganization.,“HIGH-PERFORMANCECOMPANY”ATTRIBUTES,Drivenbyleaders,Alignedbysimplestructuresandcoreprocesses,Basedonworld-classskills,Rejuvenatedbywell-developedpeoplesystems,Builtbyrelentlesspursuitofbefore-the-factstrategies/vision,Energizedbyanextraordinarilyintense,performance-drivenenvironment,Thefirstthreeofthesixcommonmanagementattributes:

Drivenbyleaders.Theleadersofthesecompanieshadveryhighperformanceaspirations.Fortheseleaderstherewasnosuchnotionas“goodenough”.Atthecenteroftheseleadershipgroups,weconsistentlyfounddemanding,unreasonableCEOs.Builtbyrelentlessbefore-the-factstrategies/visions.HPOsspendtheirtimelookingforward,notback.Theirstrategiesdriverelentlesslyforbothprofitabilityandgrowth.Energizedbyanextraordinarilyintense,performance-drivenenvironment.HPOshaveademanding,occasionallypunishing,workpace.Thereisrealaccountability,especiallyatthet