跨文化交际课件第四章语言与文化Language-and-culture.ppt

跨文化交际课件第四章语言与文化Language-and-culture.ppt

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LanguageandCulture“Carefulwithfire,”isgoodadvice,weknow;“Carefulwithwords,”istentimesdoublyso.WillCarleton,TheFirstSettlersStoryCase1ShoesforStreetWalkingwItissaidthatinRome,infrontofashoestore,therewassuchasigntoattractEnglish-speakingcustomers:

Shoesforstreetwalking.Comeinandhaveafit.ThesigncaughttheattentionofmanyEnglish-speakingtourists,butnottolookattheshoesdisplayedinthewindows,buttoreadthesignandthenbreakoutintolaughter.Case2LookOut!

wAforeignstudentintheU.S.wassittingbyawindowreadingabook.Sheheardsomeoneyelling“Lookout!

”,soshestuckherheadoutofthewindow.Justthenaboardhurtleddownfromabove,narrowlymissingher.Shelookedup,halfinangerandhalfinfright.Therewasamanontheroofdoingrepairs.“DidntyouhearmecallLookout?

”hedemanded.“Yes,andthatswhatIdid,”shereplied.Case3AMisunderstandingCausedbyaJokewRogerwasthePersonnelExecutiveofalargeAmericanmultinationalfirm.In1996,RogerwasworkinginBraziltohelppromotetheirbusiness.Oneevening,therewasaparty,attendedbybothhisemployeesfromtheUnitedStatesandmanyBrazilianbusinesspeople.Attheparty,RogerbumpedintoRosalita,aBrazilianwomanhehadknownforsometime.RogergenerallyhadaverygoodimpressionofRosalitaandalwaysfeltateasewithher,sothathefeltfreetotelljokesandsharepersonalthoughts,andtalkaboutBrazilandBrazilianlifewithouthavingthejittersofoffendingRosalita.wDuringtheparty,RosalitasaidtoRoger,“Idliketointroduceyoutooneofmygoodfriends.Sheisaverycapablewomanandispresentlythinkingofworkinginajointventuresoshecanprovideabetterlivingforherlargefamily.Sheisverymuchinterestedinyourcompany.”Hearingthat,Rogersmiledandreplied,“OK,butIjusthopeIdontgethustled.”unfortunately,RogersreplymadeRosalitaquiteupset.Verysoonsheexcusedherselfaspolitelyasshecould,anddidnotspeakwithRogerfortherestoftheevening.WordsdifferentindenotationwAterminonelanguagedoesnotnecessarilyhaveacounterpartintheotherlanguage;wWordsortermsinbothlanguagesappeartorefertothesameobjectorconceptonlyonthesurface,butactuallyrefertoquitedifferentthings;WordsdifferentindenotationwThingsorconceptsarerepresentedbyoneorperhapstwotermsinonelanguage,butbymanymoretermsintheotherlanguage,i.e.finerdistinctionsexistintheotherlanguage;Wordsdifferentindenotationintwoculturesw“豆腐”“阴阳”“双规”“二奶”w“hamburger”“granny-sitter”“pollencount”w“药店”“drugstore”；“当然”“ofcourse”w“带、扛、背、挑、提、荷、挎”=“carry”w“叔、伯、舅、姨父、姑父”=“uncle”w“副”=“vice,deputy,under,assistant”叔叔伯伯舅舅姨夫姑父阿姨姑姑舅母婶婶小姨子小叔子小舅子大嫂妹夫婆婆公公岳母岳父表兄堂兄（弟）表姐（妹）堂姐（妹）连襟妯娌Kinshiptermsandmorew林黛玉的母亲是贾宝玉的姑母，贾宝玉的母亲是林黛玉的舅母，又是薛宝钗的姨母。

wahomelessdogw丧家之犬Wordsdifferentinconnotationintwocultureswcolorswanimalswnumberscolors红糖红茶眼红开门红红白喜事清白白眼青天背黑锅黄色书刊ablueMondayawhitelieagreenwoundyellowjournalismablackeyered-letterdaysColortermsChineseEnglishRedyellowgreenbluewhiteColortermsChineseEnglishRedprosperity,success,celebration;jealous,angrydangerousyellowobscene,lucky,royalfamilycoward,mean,warninggreenahusbandwhohasadisloyalwifenew,young,jealous,moneyblueobscene,sad,noblewhiteClear,pure,invalid,antirevolutionary,freepure,legal,just,happy,antirevolutionaryAnimalChineseEnglishoxdevotion/hardworkingfoodhorsedevotion/hardworkingdragonnobilityevilphoenixqueenlyrebirth/resurrectionsnakeslithery/harmfulslitheryrabbittimidattractivechickenprostitutetimidAnimalChineseEnglishantsolidarityhardworkingbeehardworkingbusymandarinducklovedove/dogloveowlbadluckwisdomturtle/cranelongevityelephantclumsy/uselesslongevitymagpiesymbolofgoodluckgossipAnimalChineseEnglishbeavereager/anxiousimpatientswangraceful/noblegraceful/noblepeacocksymbolofluck/beautyproud/showypigstupiditydirtyass/goosestupiditybatgoodfortunehappinessugly/frighteningblood-suckinglambfoodsymbolofreligionFavoriteanimalswChinese:

wcrane,cat,rabbit,ox,horse,panda,swan,peacock,goldfish,birdsEnglish:

Dog,cat,horse,birds,sheepNumbersinEnglishw3wChristianTrinityFather,Son,andHolySpiritwAllgoodthingsgobythrees.（好事成三）w7wChristianreligionbelievesthatGodcreatedtheworldbysevendays,andthussevenvirtues（trust,hope,tenacity,prudent,control,fairandbenevolence）andsevensins（gluttony,greed,sloth,wrath,pride,lustandenvy）wsevenheavenw9wAcathasninelivesTaboow13&4