最新高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx

最新高考英语 阅读理解试题及答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解试题及答案

最新高考英语阅读理解试题（及答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddatafrom12clinicaltrialsinvolvingabout54,000people.Inaseriesofcontroversialpapers,theresearchersarguethattheincreasedhealthriskstiedtoredmeataresmallanduncertain,andthatcuttingbacklikelywouldn'tbeworthitforpeoplewhoenjoymeat.

   Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice.TheywereswiftlyattackedbyagroupoffamousU.S.scientistswhotooktheunusualstepoftryingtostopthepapersfrombeingpublisheduntiltheircriticismswereaddressed.

   Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak,andthatthere'snotmuchcertaintymeatisreallythecause,sinceotherdietandlifestylefactorscouldbeatplay.

   Ifthelatestexampleofhowdivisivenutritionresearchhasbecome,withitsuncertaintiesleavingthedooropenforconflictingadvice.Criticssayfindingsoftenaren'tbackedbystrongevidence.Defenderscounterthatnutritionstudiescanrarelybeconclusivebecauseofthedifficultyofmeasuringtheeffectsofanysinglefood,butthatmethodshaveimproved.

   Basedontheiranalyses,theresearcherssaidpeopledonothavetocutbackforhealthreasons.Buttheynotedthattheirownadviceisweak,andacknowledgedthattheydidn'tconsiderfactorssuchasanimalwelfareandtheenvironment.Indeed,thecasethatmeatproductionisbadforanimalwelfareandtheenvironmentisstrongerthanthecasethatit'sbadforhumanhealth,accordingtoaneditorialthataccompaniesthereport.

   Notallofthereportauthorsagreedwithitsconclusions.Threeofthe14researcherssaidtheysupportreducingredandprocessedmeats.Acoauthorofoneofthereviewsisalsoamongthosewhocalledforapublicationdelay.

   Thosewhopushedtopostponepublicationalsoquestionedwhycertainstudieswereincludedinthereviewswhileotherswereleftout.

   Asforhisowndiet,Dr.GordonGuyatt,amemberoftheinternationalresearchteamthatconductedthereviews,saidhenolongerthinksredorprocessedmeatshavesignificanthealthrisks.Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.

（1）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Tointroduceanewrelationshipbetweenhealthandeatingredmeat.

B.Tourgemorepeopletokeepawayfromeatingredmeatregularly.

C.Topresentanewcontroversialviewonimpactsofeatingredmeat.

D.Tocriticizenutritionstudiesforlackingofconclusiveevidence.

（2）Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthenewresearch?

A.Doubtful.

B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.

D.Objective.

（3）Guyatt'savoidingredmeatshastheweakestconnectionwith_______.

A.healthrisks

B.diethabits

C.animalwelfare

D.environmentalprotection

（4）Whatcanwelearnfromtherecentresearch?

A.Redmeatsdon'thavesignificanthealthrisks.

B.Reducingmeatconsumptionwillbeworthit.

C.Thereportauthorshavereachedaconsensus.

D.Consumingredmeatwilldogoodtohealth.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）A

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，作者对于吃红肉是否与癌症和心脏病有关引用了研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Eatingredmeatislinkedtocancerandheartdisease,butaretherisksbigenoughtojustifygivingupjuicyburgersanddelicioussteaks?

Probablynot,accordingtoresearchers...”可知，吃红肉与癌症和心脏病有关，但是否这些风险大到足以让你放弃多汁的汉堡和美味的牛排呢？

根据研究人员研究发现，答案是不一定，引导出了一个关于吃红肉有争议的新观点，故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据“accordingtoresearcherswhorevieweddata”，“theresearchersarguethat”，“Thoseconclusionsgoagainstestablishedmedicaladvice”，“Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudies”“thelatestexample”，“Basedontheiranalyses”等等，可知作者主要引用研究发现、结果、例子等客观数据和事实来写这篇文章，可知作者对新研究的态度是客观的，故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Buthesaidhestillavoidsthemoutofhabit,andforanimalwelfareandenvironmentalreasons.”但他说避免吃红肉是出于习惯，也是为了保护动物福利和环境，没有说是健康风险问题，可以判断Guyatt避免吃红肉与健康风险的关系最弱，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Thenewworkdoesnotsayredorprocessedmeatslikehotdogsandbaconarehealthy,orthatpeopleshouldeatmoreofthem.Theteam'sreviewsofpaststudiesgenerallysupportthetiestocancer,heartdiseaseandotherbadhealthoutcomes.Buttheauthorssaytheevidenceisweak...”这项新研究并没有说红肉或加工肉类如热狗和熏肉是健康的，也没有说人们应该多吃。

以往研究通常支持红肉与癌症、心脏病和其他不良健康的联系，但这项研究的作者说这个证据是站不住脚的，可以推断红肉没有明显的健康风险，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇健康类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Whilesmallmaybebeautiful,tallisjustplainuncomfortableitseems,particularlywhenitcomestostayinginhotelsandeatinginrestaurants.

   TheTallPersonsClubGreatBritain（TPCGB）,whichwasformedsixmonthsagotocampaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsandrestaurants.Bedsthataretoosmall,showerheadsthataretoolow,andrestauranttableswithhardlyanyleg-roomallmakelifedifficultforthoseofaboveaverageheight,itsays.

   Butitisnotjusttheextra-tallwhoseneedsarenotbeingmet.Theaverageheightofthepopulationhasbeenincreasingyetthestandardsizeofbeds,doorways,andchairshasremainedunchanged.

   "Thebeddingindustrysaysabedshouldbesixincheslargerthanthepersonusingit,soevenaking-sizebedat6′6″（6feetand6inches）isfallingshortfor25%ofmen,whilethestandard6′3″bedcatersforlessthanhalfofthemalepopulation."SaidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,"seven-footbedswouldworkfine."

   Similarly,restauranttablescancausenoendofproblems.Smalltables,whichmeanthelong-leggedhavetositafootorsoawayfromthem,areenoughtomaketallcustomersgoelsewhere.

   Somehavealreadytakennote,however.AtQueensMoatHouses′CaledomanHotelinEdinburgh,6′6″bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlongerbedsfromtallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.

（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheTPCGBcampaign?

A. Toprovidebetterservices.

B. Torebuildhotelsandrestaurants.

C. Todrawpublicattentiontotheneedsofthetall.

D. Toattractmorepeopletobecomeitsmembers.

（2）WhichofthefollowingmightbeabedofproperlengthaccordingtoPhilHeinricy?

A. 7′2″.                                      

B. 7′                                      

C. 6′6″                                      

D. 6′3″

（3）Whatmayhappentorestaurantswithsmalltables?

A. Theymaylosesomecustomers.

B. Theymaystartbusinesseselsewhere.

C. Theyhavetofindeasychairstomatchthetables.

D. Theyhavetoprovideenoughspaceforthelong-legged.

（4）WhatchangehasalreadybeenmadeinahotelinEdinburgh?

A. Tallpeoplepaymoreforlargerbeds.             

B. 6′6″bedshavetakentheplaceof6′3″beds.

C. SpecialroomsarekeptforAmericans.           

D. Guestroomsarestandardized.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）B

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述一个英国的高个子组织TPCGP在六个月以前向宾馆和酒店发起的针对高个子的一些特殊需求的活动。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“whichwasformedsixmonthsagotocampaignfortheneedsofthetall,hasturneditsattentiontohotelsandrestaurants.”可知TPCGP是为了让公众注意高个子的一些特殊需求。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据倒数第三段中的“SaidTPCGBpresidentPhilHeinricy,‘seven-footbedswouldworkfine.’”Tpcgb总裁PhilHeinricy,说，七英尺的床就够了可知选B。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第二段可知，如果饭店使用小的桌子，自然就失去了高个子这样一类群体的顾客。

选A。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“6′6″bedsarenowputinasstandardafterrequestsforlongerbedsfromtallervisitors,particularlyAmericans.”在高个子游客要求更长的床位后，6′6床位现在被作为标准放置，尤其是美国人，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   WhenIwassmallandmygrandmotherdied,Icouldn'tunderstandwhyIhadnotears.Butthatnightwhenmydadtriedtocheermeup,mylaughturnedintocrying.

   Soitcameasnosurprisetolearnthatresearchersbelievecryingandlaughingcomefromthesamepartofthebrain.Justaslaughinghasmanyhealthadvantages,scientistsarediscoveringthatso,too,doescrying.

   Whateverittakesforustoreducepressureisimportanttoouremotionalhealth,andcryingseemstoworkwell.Onestudyfoundthat85percentofwomenand73percentofmenreportfeelingbetteraftercrying.

   Besides,tearsattracthelpfromotherpeople.Researchersagreethatwhenwecry,peoplearoundusbecomekinderandfriendlierandtheyaremorereadytoprovidesupportandcomfort.Tearsalsoenableustounderstandouremotionsbetter;sometimeswedon'tevenknowwe'reverysaduntilwecry.Welearnaboutouremotionsthroughcrying,andthenwecandealwiththem.

   Justascryingcanbehealthy,notcrying-holdingbacktearsofanger,painorsuffering-canbebadforphysicalhealth,Studieshaveshownthattoomuchcontrolofemotionscanleadtohighbloodpressure,heartproblemsandsomeotherillnesses.Ifyouhaveahealthproblem,doctorswillcertainlynotaskyoutocry.Butwhenyoufeellikecrying,don'tfightit.It'sanatural–andhealthy-emotionalresponse.

（1）Whydidn'ttheauthorcrywhenhergrandmotherdied?

A. Theauthordoesn'tgivetheexplanation.

B. Becauseshedidnotlovehergrandmother.

C. Becauseshewastooshytocryatthattime.

D. Becauseherfatherdidnotwanthertofeeltoosad.

（2）Itcaninferredfromthetextthat______.

A. therearetwowaystokeepmentalhealth

B. cryingdoesmoregoodtohealththanlaughing

C. cryingandlaughingplaythesamejobs

D. emotionalhealthhasacloserelationshiptophysicalhealth

（3）Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A. Cryingisthebestwayto