代词讲解及练习.docx
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代词讲解及练习
代词讲解及练习
一，代词分类：
人称代词Ime,youyou,hehim,sheher,itit,weus,theythem，
物主代词:
1形容词性物主代词
my,your,his,her,its,our,their,
2名词性物主代词
mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs,
反身代词，myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,themselves
指示代词，this,that,these,those
不定代词，someanyalleveryeachbothotheranotheronenonemuchfewlittlesomethinganythingeverythingnothingsomebodyeverybodynobodysomeoneanyone
疑问代词，who（whom,whose）what,which
关系代词，who（whomwhose）,that,which（无实际意义）
相互代词，eachother,oneanother
二，不定代词each,bothall的位置，在句中的位置比较灵活，记住两前三后，两前是指：
（1）行为动词前，Theyallwenttotheparkyesterday.
（2）半系动词前（become,turn,look,feelseem,sound,）
Webothbecamecollegestudents
三后是指，
（1）be动词后
Theyarebothteachers.
（2）情态动词后
Theycanallplaycomputergames
（3）助动词后Theywilleachgetacupoftea.
三，反身代词
1反身代词的用法
Thelittleboyistooyoungtolookafterhimself.
Ihopeyoucanenjoyyourselves（=haveagoodtime）attheparty
Thechildrenmademodelplanethemelves.
pleasehelpyourselftosomefish
2反身代词的短语。
teachoneself,learnbyoneself,
enjoyoneself,helponeselfto,
cometooneself,hurtoneself
四指示代词的用法。
1this\these
（1）近指:
Thisismypen.Thesearemypens.
（2）指下文提到的事
pleaserememberthis:
nopains,nogains
2that\those
（1）远指:
Thatisherbike.
Thosearemysheep.
（2）指前面刚刚提到的事
Hewasill.Thatwaswhyhedidn’tgotoschool.
3打电话时用this介绍自己，用that询问对方。
ThisisMikespeaking.Whoisthat?
4that,those常用于比较句型中（as…as同级比较…than不同级比较）
TheweatherinShenzhenisdifferentfromthatinBeijing.
ThepopulationofchinaislargerthanthatofJapan.
Theapplesinthisshoparemuchcheaperthanthoseinthatshop.
五代词it的用法。
1指代前面提到的事物。
Thisisnotmybook.ItisJim’s
2代替指示代词this或that.
---What’sthis?
---It’sapen.
3指婴儿或不明身份的人。
Someoneisknockingatthedoor.Pleasegoandseewhoitis?
4表示时间或季节What’sthetimenow?
It’steno’clock.
5表示天气Whattheweatherliketoday?
It’sfine.
6表示距离.
Howfarisitfromyourschooltoyourhome?
7用作形式主语，常用于下列句型中：
（1）It’s+adj+（for/ofsb）todosth.（对某人来说），做某事是……
It’simportantforustoworkhard.
It’skindofyoutosayso.
（2）It’stimetodo\forthat.
It’stimetogetup\forhunch.
（3）Itseemsthat…看起来好像…
Itseemsthatheisquitehappy.
（4）It’sone’sturntodosth.
It’syourturntosing.
（5）it’s+adj+that从句
It’snecessarythatyoushouldbepresentatthemeeting.
8作形式宾语
Doyouthinkitnecessarytolearntowaitinline?
Hefounditdifficulttofallasleep.
区分几组不定代词。
1some,any.
Some和any均表示“一些”，既可修饰可数名词，也可以修饰不可数名词。
some一般用于肯定句中。
如：
Therearesomestudentsintheclassroom.
any用于疑问句，否定句和条件句中。
如：
Therearen’tanystudentsintheclassroom.
但在疑问句中，若要表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答或表达请求，征求对方的意见时用some.如：
Shallwehavesometea?
MayIaskyousomequestions?
Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?
Yes,please.
any也可以用于肯定句中，表示“任一”如：
Heistallerthananyotherboyinhisclass.
ChinaislargerthananyothercountryinAsia.
ChinaislargerthananycountryinAfrica.
2much与many
many修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，都可以与表示程度的副词
Therearetoomanymistakesinyourexercises.
Henevereatssomuchbreakfast
Hehasgottoomuchworktodo.
3afew,few.little,alittle（省略介绍）。
口语中常用onlyafew,onlyalittle.表示只有一些或一点，表示相当多quiteafew
---Howfarisit？
---Onlyafewkilometers.
Thereislittletimeleft.Hurryup!
Thereisalittlewaterinthethermos（暖瓶）
4either与neither，
either指两者中的任意一个;
neither指两者中的任何一个也“不”;
常构成固定搭配either/neitherof+名词|代词的复数+谓语动词的单数形式。
Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.
Neitherofthebooksisgood.
EitherIoryouaregoingtoAmerica.
Neitheryounorheiswrong,
5both,与all.
both表示（两者）都，常与and连用；all指（三种或三种以上）都。
BothsheandIarestudents.
Boththeplansaregood.
Allofusshouldgothere.
Theyallagreetostayhere.
6each与every
each和every都表示每一个，each强调个体当它作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，
every强调整体情况，修饰名词时谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。
另外，
each指两个或者两个以上的人或者物，every只指三个或者三个以上的人或物。
Therearetreesoneachsideoftheroad.
Everystudentpassedtheexam.
EachofuswearsayellowT-shirt.
7none,nothing与noone.
none既可指人，也可指物，常指上文提到的人或者东西，
nothing仅指物，在指代上没有做什么限制，
noone用来指人，多强调个体，后面一般不接of短语。
如：
Therearemanypeopleoverthere.
Iknownoneofthem.
Sheknewnothingaboutit.
--Didanyonecometoseeyou？
---Noone.
8other,theother,another,others,theothers
another指三者或者三者以上的另一个
theother则是指两个中的另一个。
theother,other后面接名词，而theothers与others后面不可以再接名词。
Theothers表示特定范围内出去一部分后剩余的全部。
图解other和another，英语中的不定代词one…theother,one…another,one…theother,some…others,some…theothers和oneafteranother在用法上有如下特点。
（1）表示两个人或者东西中的“一个…另一个这个意思时，用one…theother如图所示:
△…▲Therearetwopensonthedesk.OneisLily’s,theotherisLucy’s
（2）one…another△…▲△△△表示不定数目中的“一个”与“另一个”
Idon’tlikethisone;showmeanotherone
（3）one…theothers△…▲▲▲▲强调确定数目中的“一个”与“其余的”
Ofthefivestudents,oneisgoinghome,theothersaregoingtothecinema.
（4）some…others表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“另一部分”（并非全部），
TherearelotsofpeopleintheparkonSunday.Somearewalkingandothersareclimbingthehills.△△△△…▲▲▲▲▲△△△△△
（5）some…theothers表示许多人或物中的“一部分”和“其余的全部”，
△△△△…▲▲▲▲▲”
ThestudentsofClassSevenareworkingonthehill.Somearecarryingwater,somearedigging,theothersareplantingtrees.
（6）表示“一个接一个地”，用oneafteranother.如：
Thestudentscametooneafteranother.
9it,one与that的区别。
it指代上文提到的事物.
Thebookismine.
It’sveryinteresting.
one泛指上文提及的同类事物中的一个，同类而不同物。
Whohasapen?
Ihaveone.
That常用于比较结构中，代替前面的名词，避免重复。
TheweatherinBeijingiscolderthanthatinGuangzhouinwinter.
10eachother与oneanother
可通用，只是eachother多指两者之间，oneanother指三者或三者以上之间
TomandMikeknoweachother’sfavorites.
Thethreegirlslikedoneanother.
11either与any
either表示两者中的任一个，
any表示三者或三者中的任何一个。
---Whichdoyouwant,teaorcoffee.？
----Either.
---Whichdoyoulikebest,tea,coffee,orwater?
----Any.
12everyoneeverybody,everything不定代词时，谓语动词用单数形式，后不接of短语。
不说，everyoneofusisstudyinghard.
可说Everyoneofusisstudyinghard.
另外every只做形容词，each可作形容词和代词。
13no与notno只做定语，等于nota或者notany
Ihavenopencil=Ihavenotapencil.
ShehasnofriendsinShenzhen
=ShehasnotanyfriendsinShenzhen.
在禁语中用no而不用not.
Nosmoking.Noparking.
练习第一部分
1ismyson.Doyouliketoplaywith?
AYou;youBShe;her
CI;meDHe;him
2Thesmithshavevisitedtwofamouscountries.OneisinJapanandisinchina.
AanotherBother
CothersDtheother
3Peopleusuallyputsmallpresents
instockingonChristmaseve.
AeachotherBeachothers
Ceachother’sDeachothers’
4I’llshowyouhowtothrowaFrisbee.Throwlike
Ait;thisBthis,;it
Cit;itDthis;this
5Didyoufindintheroom?
No,we
foundthere.
Aanybody,nobodyBsomebodyeverybodyCanybodysomebodyDeverybodyanybody
6Wouldyoulikemorecoffee?
AlittleBanyCsomeDanother
7Pleasebequiet,Ihavetotellyou.
AimportantsomethingBnothingimportant
CimportantanythingDsomethingimportant
8Sorry,Ican’tanswerourquestion.I
knowaboutthesubject.
AalittleBlittleCafewDfew
9Sheaskedmenottolendthebookto.
AothersBtheother
CanotherDtheothers
10ofusissuretogetgoodgradesintheexam
AeveryoneBeveryCeachDanyone
11Moneyisimportantinmylife.Butitisn’t
AeverythingBsomething
CnothingDanything
12---CouldIhavesomemilk?
---Certainly,there’sinthebottle.
AlittleBalittleCafewDfew
13---John,someoneinyourclassphonedyouthismorning.
---Whowas?
AheBsheCitDthat
14Thepriceofacupofcoffeeishigher
thanofaglassoftea.
AitBpriceCthatDone
15havealotofworktodo.
AHe,youandIBYou,heandI
CIyouandheDI,heandyou
16--Whenshallwemeetagain?
---Makeitdayyoulike.It’sallthesametome
AoneBanyCanotherDall
17Wefoundimportanttogettherebeforeat8’oclock
AherBitCthisDthat
第二部分练习
1officeismuchsmallerthan.
AOur;yoursBOur;yourCTheirs;our
2“Helptosomemeat,”myunclesaidtome
AthemselvesByourselfCyourselves
3Therearetwentyteachersinourschool.Eightofthemarementeachersandare
womenteachers
AothersBtheothersCanother
4Wewereallasleepamomentago.ofusheardthesound.
AbothBallCneitherDnone
5Acomputerisveryeasytolearn.canlearntouseitinaveryshorttime.
ASomebodyBAnybody
CNobodyDFewpeople
6Deborahalwayshelpsmybrother
andwithEnglish.
AI;ourBme;ourselves
CI;myDme;our
7David’swordsaredifferentfromIreallycan’tagreewith.
Amine;himBmine;he’s
Cme;himDme;his
8---CanItalktoyouforaminute,Aggie?
---Sorry,Ihavetime.
AafewBlittleCfewDalittle
9Ofthethreeforeignguests,oneisfromLondon.twoarefromNewYork
AotherBtheotherCsomeDany
10wanttoseethefilm.
AEverystudentsBEachstudent
CAllofstudentDAllthestudents
11Theythreeallverytired,butofthemwouldstoptotakearest.
AanyBsomeCnoneDneither
12Mrswhitehastwochildren,isadriver,andtheisanurse.
AOne;anotherBOne;theother
COne;otherDOne;other
13schoolismuchlargethan
ATheir；ourBTheir；ours
CTheirs；oursDTheirs；our
14–HanMeimei,whatabouttoeat?
AeverythingBsomething
CnothingDanything
15Thepearsinmybasketaresmaller
thanJim’s.
AitBthatConesDthose
16---Isreadyforthejourney?
---No,wehaven’tgotacamera.
AeverythingBsomething
CnothingDanything
17Marypleaseshowyourpicture.
AmyBmineCIDme
18---What’sonTVTonight
Isthereinteresting？
---Iamafraidnot.
AsomethingB
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