雅思阅读模拟试题和答案.docx

雅思阅读模拟试题和答案.docx

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雅思阅读模拟试题和答案

雅思阅读模拟试题和答案

众多考鸭面对雅思阅读最头疼的问题就是时间来不及，雅思阅读模拟题专为你而来，阅读材料皆为雅思真题素材的重要来源如：

《经济学人》、《新科学家》等等，精读及练习题，更有题目详解为你答疑解惑。

坚持每日一练，考场上就是这么自信。

带来今日每日晨读之"Timetocoolit",文章摘自经济学人（TheEconomist），所有雅思阅读方法技巧都需要反复做题去巩固，自己不足的地方也只有通过做题才能显现。

练习也是有技巧的，不能盲目瞎做。

把每一次阅读练习都当做考试，时间一个小时，三篇阅读，没有手机，没有字典，没有参考资料，没有笔记。

只有这样，在考场上才有可能在50分钟内做完题目（十分钟的誊写答案以及检查时间）。

1.雅思阅读材料

1REFRIGERATORSaretheepitomeofclunkytechnology:

solid,reliableandjustalittlebitdull.Theyhavenotchangedmuchoverthepastcentury,butthentheyhavenotneededto.Theyarebasedonarobustand effective idea--drawheatfromthethingyouwanttocoolbyevaporatingaliquidnexttoit,andthendumpthatheatbypumpingthevapourelsewhereandcondensingit.Thismethodofpumpingheatfromoneplacetoanotherservedmankindwellwhenrefrigerators'mainjobswerepreservingfoodand,asairconditioners,coolingbuildings.Today'shigh-techworld,however,demandshigh-techrefrigeration.Heatpumpsarenolongeruptothejob.Thesearchisonforsomethingtoreplacethem.

2Onesetofcandidatesareknownasparaelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:

attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.Thiseffectisusedininfra-redcameras.Anarrayoftinypiecesofparaelectricmaterialcansensetheheatradiatedby,forexample,aperson,andthepatternofthearray'selectricaloutputscanthenbeusedtoconstructanimage.Butuntilrecentlynoonehadbotheredmuchwiththeinverseofthisprocess.Thatinverseexists,however.Applyanappropriatecurrenttoaparaelectricmaterialanditwillcooldown.

3SomeonewhoislookingatthisinverseeffectisAlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded.Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.

4Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmore efficient domesticfridgesandairconditioners.Therealmoney,though,maybeincoolingcomputers.

5Gadgetscontainingmicroprocessorshavebeengettinghotterforalongtime.OneconsequenceofMoore'sLaw,whichdescribesthedoublingofthenumberoftransistorsonachipevery18months,isthattheamountofheatproduceddoublesaswell.Infact,itmorethandoubles,becausebesidesincreasinginnumber,thecomponentsaregettingfaster.Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.Andthefrequencyhasdoubledalot.ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.ThePentium4--thelast"single-core"desktopprocessor--clockedup3.2billioncyclesasecond.

6Disposingofthisheatisabigobstructiontofurtherminiaturisationandhigherspeeds.Theinnardsofadesktopcomputercommonlyhit80℃.At85℃,theystopworking.Tweakingtheprocessor'sheatsinks（copperoraluminiumboxesdesignedtoradiateheataway）hasreacheditslimit.Sohastweakingthefansthatcirculateairoverthoseheatsinks.Andtheideaofshiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsthatdividedprocessingpowerbetweenfirsttwo,andthenfour,subunits,inordertospreadthethermalload,alsoseemstohavetheendoftheroadinsight.

7Onewayoutofthismaybeasecondcuriousphysicalphenomenon,thethermoelectriceffect.Likeparaelectricmaterials,thisgenerateselectricityfromaheatsourceandproducescoolingfromanelectricalsource.Unlikeparaelectrics,asignificantbodyofresearchersisalreadyworkingonit.

8Thetricktoagoodthermoelectricmaterialisacrystalstructureinwhichelectronscanflowfreely,butthepathofphonons--heat-carryingvibrationsthatarelargerthanelectrons--isconstantlyinterrupted.Inpractice,thistrickishardtopulloff,andthermoelectricmaterialsarethuslessefficientthanparaelectricones（or,atleast,thanthoseexaminedbyDrMischenko）.Nevertheless,RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller--sosmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.

9Thelastwordincomputercooling,though,maygotoasystemevenlesstechythanaheatpump--aminiatureversionofacarradiator.LastyearApplelaunchedapersonalcomputerthatiscooledbyliquidthatispumpedthroughlittlechannelsintheprocessor,andthencetoaradiator,whereitgivesupitsheattotheatmosphere.Toimproveonthis,IBM'sresearchlaboratoryinZurichis experimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.Inthefuture,therefore,acombinationofmicrochannelsandeitherthermoelectricsorparaelectricsmightcoolcomputers.Theold,asitwere,handinhandwiththenew.（830words）

2.雅思阅读题目

Questions1-5

Completeeachofthefollowingstatementswiththescientistorcompanynamefromtheboxbelow.

WritetheappropriatelettersA-Finboxes1-5onyouranswersheet.

A.Apple

B.IBM

C.Intel

D.AlexMischenko

E.AliShakouri

F.RamaVenkatasubramanian

1....andhisresearchgroupuseparaelectricfilmavailablefromthemarkettoproducecooling.

2....soldmicroprocessorsrunningat60mcyclesasecondin1993.

3....saysthathehasmaderefrigeratorswhichcancoolthehotspotsofcomputerchipsby10℃.

4....claimstohavemadearefrigeratorsmallenoughtobebuiltintoacomputerchip.

5....attemptstoproducebettercoolinginpersonalcomputersbystirringupliquidwithtinyjetstomakesuremaximumheatexchange.

Questions6-9

Dothefollowingstatementsagreewiththe information giveninthereadingpassage?

Inboxes6-9onyouranswersheetwrite

TRUEifthestatementistrueaccordingtothepassage

FALSEifthestatementisfalseaccordingtothepassage

NOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage

6.Paraelectricmaterialscangenerateacurrentwhenelectrodesareattachedtothem.

7.Dr.Mischenkohassuccessfullyappliedhislaboratorydiscoverytomanufacturingmoreefficientreferigerators.

8.Doublingthefrequencyoflogicaloperationsinsideamicroprocessordoublestheheatoutput.

9.IBMwillachievebettercomputercoolingbycombiningmicrochannelswithparaelectrics.

Question10

ChoosetheappropriatelettersA-Dandwritetheminbox10onyouranswersheet.

10.Whichmethodofdisposingheatincomputersmayhaveabrightprospect?

A.Tweakingtheprocessors?

heatsinks.

B.Tweakingthefansthatcirculateairovertheprocessor抯heatsinks.

C.Shiftingfromsingle-coreprocessorstosystemsofsubunits.

D.Noneoftheabove.

Questions11-14

Completethenotesbelow.

ChooseonesuitablewordfromtheReadingPassageaboveforeachanswer.

Writeyouranswersinboxes11-14onyouranswersheet.

Traditionalrefrigeratorsuse...11...pumpstodroptemperature.Atpresent,scientistsaresearchingforothermethodstoproducerefrigeration,especiallyincomputermicroprocessors....12...materialshavebeentriedtogeneratetemperaturedropsfivetimesbiggerthananypreviouslyrecorded....13...effecthasalsobeenadoptedbymanyresearcherstocoolhotspotsincomputers.Aminiatureversionofacar...14...mayalsobeasystemtorealizeidealcomputercoolinginthefuture.

KeyandExplanations:

1.D

SeeParagraph3:

...AlexMischenko,ofCambridgeUniversity.Usingcommerciallyavailableparaelectricfilm,heandhiscolleagueshavegeneratedtemperaturedrops...

2.C

SeeParagraph5:

ThefirstPentiumchipssoldbyDrMoore'scompany,Intel,in1993,ranat60mcyclesasecond.

3.F

SeeParagraph8:

...RamaVenkatasubramanian,ofNextremeThermalSolutionsinNorthCarolina,claimstohavemadethermoelectricrefrigeratorsthatcansitonthebackofcomputerchipsandcoolhotspotsby10℃.

4.E

SeeParagraph8:

AliShakouri,oftheUniversityofCalifornia,SantaCruz,sayshisareevensmaller梥osmallthattheycangoinsidethechip.

5.B

SeeParagraph9:

Toimproveonthis,IBM'sresearchlaboratoryinZurichisexperimentingwithtinyjetsthatstirtheliquidupandthusmakesureallofiteventuallytouchestheoutsideofthechannel--thepartwheretheheatexchangetakesplace.

10、由于煤、石油等化石燃料消耗的急剧增加，产生了大量的二氧化碳，使空气中的二氧化碳含量不断增加，导致全球气候变暖、土壤沙漠化、大陆和两极冰川融化，给全球环境造成了巨大的压力。

6.TRUE

SeeParagraph2:

...paraelectricmaterials.Theseactlikebatterieswhentheyundergoatemperaturechange:

attachelectrodestothemandtheygenerateacurrent.

7.FALSE

SeeParagraph3（Thatmaybeenoughtochangethephenomenonfromalaboratorycuriositytosomethingwithcommercialapplications.）andParagraph4（Astowhatthoseapplicationsmightbe,DrMischenkoisstillalittlehazy.Hehas,nevertheless,setupacompanytopursuethem.Heforeseesputtinghisdiscoverytouseinmoreefficientdomesticfridges?

10、由于煤、石油等化石燃料消耗的急剧增加，产生了大量的二氧化碳，使空气中的二氧化碳含量不断增加，导致全球气候变暖、土壤沙漠化、大陆和两极冰川融化，给全球环境造成了巨大的压力。

8.FALSE

答：

①我们每个人要做到不乱扔果皮，不随地吐痰，爱护花草树木，搞好环境卫生，保护好身边的环境。

②力争做一个环保小卫士，向身边的人宣传和倡议环保。

SeeParagraph5:

Heatisreleasedeverytimealogicaloperationisperformedinsideamicroprocessor,sothefastertheprocessoris,themoreheatitgenerates.Doublingthefrequencyquadruplestheheatoutput.

9.NOTGIVEN

8、地球自转一周的时间是一天；地球公转一周的时间是一年；月球公转一周的时间是农历一个月。

SeeParagraph